The 1160s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1160, and ended on December 31, 1169.
The 1170s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1170, and ended on December 31, 1179.
The 1100s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1100, and ended on December 31, 1109.
The 1120s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1120, and ended on December 31, 1129.
The 1130s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1130, and ended on December 31, 1139.
The 1180s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1180, and ended on December 31, 1189.
The 1190s was a decade of the Julian calendar which began on January 1, 1190, and ended on December 31, 1199.
The 1110s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1110, and ended on December 31, 1119.
Year 1217 (MCCXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1185 (MCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1105 (MCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1243 (MCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Isaac II Angelos or Angelus was Byzantine Emperor from 1185 to 1195, and co-Emperor with his son Alexios IV Angelos from 1203 to 1204. In a 1185 revolt against the Emperor Andronikos Komnenos, Isaac seized power and rose to the Byzantine throne, establishing the Angelos family as the new imperial dynasty.
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. For this reason, the Third Crusade is also known as the Kings' Crusade.
Tancred was King of Sicily from 1189 to 1194. He was born in Lecce, an illegitimate son of Roger III, Duke of Apulia by his mistress Emma, a daughter of Achard II, Count of Lecce. He inherited the title "Count of Lecce" from his grandfather and is consequently often referred to as Tancred of Lecce. Due to his short stature and unhandsome visage, he was mocked by his critics as "The Monkey King".
William II, called the Good, was king of Sicily from 1166 to 1189. From surviving sources William's character is indistinct. Lacking in military enterprise, secluded and pleasure-loving, he seldom emerged from his palace life at Palermo. Yet his reign is marked by an ambitious foreign policy and a vigorous diplomacy. Champion of the papacy and in secret league with the Lombard cities, he was able to defy the common enemy, Frederick Barbarossa. In the Divine Comedy, Dante places William II in Paradise. He is also referred to in Boccaccio's Decameron.
Kilij Arslan II or ʿIzz ad-Dīn Kilij Arslān ibn Masʿūd was a Seljuk Sultan of Rûm from 1156 until his death in 1192.
The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate centuries earlier. Beginning with the First Crusade, which resulted in the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099, dozens of military campaigns were organised, providing a focal point of European history for centuries. Crusading declined rapidly after the 15th century.
The Crusade of 1197, also known as the Crusade of Henry VI or the German Crusade, was a crusade launched by the Hohenstaufen emperor Henry VI in response to the aborted attempt of his father, Emperor Frederick I, during the Third Crusade in 1189–90. Thus the military campaign is also known as the "Emperor's Crusade".
