1108

1108 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1108 MCVIII
Ab urbe condita	1861
Armenian calendar	557 ԹՎ ՇԾԷ
Assyrian calendar	5858
Balinese saka calendar	1029–1030
Bengali calendar	514–515
Berber calendar	2058
English Regnal year	8  Hen. 1  – 9  Hen. 1
Buddhist calendar	1652
Burmese calendar	470
Byzantine calendar	6616–6617
Chinese calendar	丁亥年 (Fire  Pig) 3805 or 3598     — to — 戊子年 (Earth  Rat) 3806 or 3599
Coptic calendar	824–825
Discordian calendar	2274
Ethiopian calendar	1100–1101
Hebrew calendar	4868–4869
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1164–1165
- Shaka Samvat	1029–1030
- Kali Yuga	4208–4209
Holocene calendar	11108
Igbo calendar	108–109
Iranian calendar	486–487
Islamic calendar	501–502
Japanese calendar	Kajō 3 / Tennin 1 (天仁元年)
Javanese calendar	1013–1014
Julian calendar	1108 MCVIII
Korean calendar	3441
Minguo calendar	804 before ROC 民前804年
Nanakshahi calendar	−360
Seleucid era	1419/1420 AG
Thai solar calendar	1650–1651
Tibetan calendar	阴火猪年 (female Fire-Pig) 1234 or 853 or 81     — to — 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1235 or 854 or 82

Year 1108 ( MCVIII ) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• Spring – King Sigurd I sails from England, on the Norwegian Crusade to Palestine. He repels a Muslim fleet near the Tagus River, then attacks Sintra, Lisbon and Alcácer do Sal, and finally defeats a second Muslim fleet further south. ^[1]
• May 29 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid forces defeat the armies of Castile and León. The advance of the Reconquista is halted, and the Berbers re-capture the towns of Uclés, Cuenca, Huete and Ocaña. The Christians, many of nobility, are beheaded. ^[2]
• July 29 – King Philip I dies at Melun, after a 48-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Louis VI, who, at the start of his rule, faces insurrections from feudal brigands and rebellious robber barons.
• September – Siege of Dyrrhachium: Italo-Norman forces under Bohemond I lift the siege due to illness and lack of supplies. Bohemond becomes a vassal of the Byzantine Empire by signing the Treaty of Devol.
• Autumn – The Principality of Nitra ceases to exist, after King Coloman of Hungary, deposes its last ruler, Álmos, duke of Croatia.
• The consuls of Bergamo are first mentioned, indicating that the city has become an independent commune in Lombardy (Northern Italy). ^[3]

Levant

• Summer – Jawali Saqawa, Turkish ruler of Mosul, accepts a ransom of 30,000 dinar by Count Joscelin I and releases his cousin Baldwin II, count of Edessa, who is held as prisoner (see 1104). ^[4]
• Baldwin I marches out against Sidon, with the support of a squadron of sailor-adventurers from various Italian cities. A Fatimid fleet from Egypt defeats the Italians in a sea-battle outside the harbour. ^[5]

Asia

• The Taira and Minamoto clans join forces to rule Japan, after defeating the warrior monks of the Enryaku-ji temple near Kyoto. The Taira replace many Fujiwara nobles in important offices – while the Minamoto gain more military experience by bringing parts of Northern Honshu under Japanese control (approximate date).

By topic

Religion

• Chichester Cathedral is consecrated under Ralph de Luffa, bishop of Chichester, in England.
• Construction begins on the tower of Winchester Cathedral, building continues until 1120.
• Pistoia Cathedral in Italy is damaged by a severe fire.
• June 13 – Restored Ferentino Cathedral in Italy is consecrated.

Births

• Andronikos Komnenos, Byzantine prince (d. 1142)
• Baldwin IV, count of Hainaut (d. 1171)
• Bohemond II, Italo-Norman prince of Antioch (d. 1130)
• Derbforgaill, Irish princess (d. 1193)
• Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud, Seljuk sultan (d. 1152)
• Henry X, duke of Bavaria (d. 1139)
• Leopold IV, duke of Bavaria (d. 1141)

Deaths

• January 4 – Gertrude, Grand Princess of Kiev
• March 18 – Abe no Munetō, Japanese samurai (b. 1032)
• May 21 – Gerard, Norman archbishop of York
• May 29
  • García Ordóñez, Castilian nobleman
  • Sancho Alfónsez, Castilian nobleman
• July 5 – Guy of Hauteville, Italo-Norman diplomat
• July 29 – Philip I, king of France
• November 15 – Enrico Contarini, bishop of Castello
• García Álvarez, Castilian official and military leader
• Gonzalo, bishop of Mondoñedo (approximate date)
• Gregory III, count of Tusculum (approximate date)
• Gundulf, bishop of Rochester (approximate date)
• Guy II, French nobleman and crusader
• Mafalda of Pulla-Calabria, Norman noblewoman (b. 1060)
• Urse d'Abetot, Norman sheriff of Worcestershire
• Veera Ballala I, Indian ruler of the Hoysala Empire
• Wang, Chinese empress of the Song Dynasty (b. 1084)

References

1. Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN   2130488102.
2. McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the principality of Tarragona 1129-55". Journal of Medieval History. 7 (1): 67–82. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1.
3. Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1. New York: Routledge. ISBN   0-415-93930-5.
4. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 90. ISBN   978-0-241-29876-3.
5. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 74. ISBN   978-0-241-29876-3.