21st century

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Shanghai, China. Reflective of the Modern City-Scape of the 21st Century. Pudong Shanghai November 2017 panorama.jpg
Shanghai, China. Reflective of the Modern City-Scape of the 21st Century.

The 21st century is the current century in the Anno Domini or Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It began on 1 January 2001 and will end on 31 December 2100. It is the first century of the 3rd millennium.

Contents

The rise of a global economy and Third World consumerism marked the beginning of the century, along with increased private enterprise and deepening concern over terrorism after the September 11 attacks in 2001. [1] [2] [3] The NATO intervention in Afghanistan and the United States-led coalition intervention in Iraq in the early 2000s, as well as the overthrow of several regimes during the Arab Spring in the early 2010s, led to mixed outcomes in the Arab world, resulting in several civil wars and political instability. [4] The 2020s saw an increase in wars across the world, as seen with conflicts such as the Russian Invasion of Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war. [5] [6] The United States has remained the sole global superpower, while China is now considered to be an emerging superpower.

In 2022, 45% of the world's population lived in "some form of democracy", although only 8% lived in "full democracies". [7] The United Nations estimates that by 2050, two thirds of the world's population will be urbanized.

The world economy expanded at high rates from $42 trillion in 2000 to $101 trillion in 2022, and though many economies rose at greater levels, some gradually contracted. [a] The European Union greatly expanded in the 21st century, adding 13 member states, but the United Kingdom withdrew. Most EU member states introduced a common currency, the Euro. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), also greatly expanded, adding 13 member states.

Effects of global warming and rising sea levels exacerbated the ecological crises, with eight islands disappearing between 2007 and 2014. [8] [9] [10]

Globally, from January 2020 to May 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic began to rapidly spread worldwide, causing more than 7 million reported deaths, [11] and around 18.2 to 33.5 million estimated deaths, [12] while at the same time, causing severe global economic disruption, including the largest global recession since the Great Depression in the 1930s. [13]

Due to the sudden proliferation of internet-accessible mobile devices, such as smartphones becoming ubiquitous worldwide beginning in the early 2010s, more than two thirds of the world's population obtained access to the Internet by 2023. [14] After the success of the Human Genome Project, DNA sequencing services became available and affordable. [15] [16] There were significant improvements in the complexity of artificial intelligence, with American companies, universities, and research labs pioneering advances in the field. [17] Generative AI-based applications such as ChatGPT and DALL-E have accumulated billions of users, and allow users to instantly generate complex texts, images, art, and video, comparable to the sophistication of human work. [18] Research into outer space greatly accelerated in the 2020s, with the United States mainly dominating space exploration, including the James Webb Space Telescope, Ingenuity helicopter, Lunar Gateway, and Artemis program. [19] [20]

Pronunciation

There is a lack of general agreement over how to pronounce specific years of the 21st century in English. Academics have pointed out that the early years of previous centuries were commonly pronounced as, for example, "eighteen oh five" (for 1805) and "nineteen oh five" (for 1905). [21] Generally, the early years of the 21st century were pronounced as in "two-thousand (and) five," with a change taking place around 2010, when pronunciations often shifted between the early-years form of "two-thousand and ten" and the traditionally more concise form of "twenty-ten."

The Vancouver Olympics, which took place in 2010, was being officially referred to by Vancouver 2010 as "the twenty-ten Olympics".[ further explanation needed ]

Society

Shanghai has become a symbol of the recent economic boom of China. Shanghai Skyline, Dec2014.jpg
Shanghai has become a symbol of the recent economic boom of China.

Technologies such as ultrasound, prenatal genetic testing and genetic engineering have advanced significantly. Because of sex-selective abortion, fewer girls have been born in the 21st century (and since the early 1980s) compared to past centuries, mostly because of son preference in East and South Asia. In 2014, only 47 percent of Indian births were of girls. [22] This has led to an increase in bachelors in countries such as China and India. The first genetically modified children were born November 2018 in China to significant controversy, beginning a new biological era for the human species. [23]

Anxiety [24] and depression [25] rates have risen in the United States and many other parts of the world. However, suicide rates have fallen in Europe and most of the rest of the world so far this century, declining 29% globally between 2000 and 2018, despite rising 18% in the United States in the same period. The decline in suicide has been most notable among Chinese and Indian women, the elderly, and middle-aged Russian men. [26] [27]

Knowledge and information

The entire written works of humanity, from the beginning of recorded history to 2003, in all known languages, are estimated to amount to five exabytes of data. [28] [29] Since 2003, with the beginning of social media and "user-generated content", the same amount of data is created every two days. [30] With the AI boom of the 2020s gaining international prominence, as of 2024, mass-produced AI-generated content comprised over half of the Internet. [31]

Telecommunications in the early 21st century are much more advanced and universal than they were in the late 20th century. Only a few percent of the world's population were Internet users and cellular phone owners in the late 1990s; while as of 2023, 67% of the world's population is online, [14] and 78% of all people aged 10 and above own a mobile phone. [32] In the 2010s, artificial intelligence, mainly in the form of deep learning and machine learning, became more prevalent and in the early 2020s, with the rise of generative AI, the AI boom began. As of 2022, 8.6% of the world's population still lacked access to electricity. [33]

India's Prayag Kumbh Mela is regarded as the world's largest religious festival. Triptychon Maha Kumbh Mela.jpg
India's Prayag Kumbh Mela is regarded as the world's largest religious festival.

In 2001, Dennis Tito became the first space tourist, beginning the era of commercial spaceflight. Entrepreneurs Elon Musk and Richard Branson are working towards commercial space exploration, colonization and tourism, while China and India have made substantial strides in their space programs. On 3 January 2019, China landed a robotic spacecraft on the far side of the Moon, the first to do so. [34] On 23 August 2023, with the Chandrayaan-3 Mission, India became the first country to touch down near the lunar south pole. [35]

Culture and politics

War and violence have declined considerably compared to the 20th century, continuing the post-World War II trend called Long Peace. However, since the beginning of the 2020s, geopolitical tensions and wars have been rising across the world, as seen with the deterioration of US-China relations, [36] Russian Invasion of Ukraine, Tigray War, Sudanese civil war, Israel–Hamas War, etc. [5] [6]

Poverty is still widespread globally, but fewer people live in the most extreme forms of poverty. In 1990, 37.9% of the world's population lived in extreme poverty; by 2022, this had dropped to just 9%. [37]

The Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal drew international attention to the possible adverse effects of social media in influencing citizen's views, particularly regarding the 2016 United States presidential election.[ further explanation needed ]

Population and urbanization

The world population was about 6.1 billion at the start of the 21st century and reached 8 billion by November 2022. It is estimated to reach nearly 8.6 billion by 2030, [38] and 9.8 billion by 2050. According to the United Nations World Urbanization prospects, 60% of the world's human population are projected to live in megacities and megalopolises by 2030, 70% by 2050, and 90% by 2080. [39]

Life expectancy has increased as child mortality continues to decline. A baby born in 2019, for example, will, on average (globally), live to 73 years—27 years longer than the global average of someone born in 1950. [40] Ten million Britons (16% of the United Kingdom population) will, on average, live to 100 or older. [41]

Climate change remains a serious concern; UN Chief António Guterres, for instance, has described it as an "existential threat" to humanity. [42] Furthermore, the Holocene extinction event, the sixth most significant extinction event in the Earth's history, continues with the widespread degradation of highly biodiverse habitats as a by-product of human activity. [43]

A map of uncontacted tribes, around the start of the 21st century Isolierte-Volker.png
A map of uncontacted tribes, around the start of the 21st century

Economics, education and retirement

Economically and politically, the United States and Western Europe were dominant at the beginning of the century; by the 2010s, China became an emerging global superpower and, by some measures, the world's largest economy. In terms of purchasing power parity, India's economy became more significant than Japan's around 2011. [44]

Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are decentralized currencies that are not controlled by any central bank. These currencies are increasing in popularity worldwide due to the expanding availability of the internet and are mainly used as a store of value.

There is an ongoing impact of technological unemployment due to automation and computerization: the rate at which jobs are disappearing—due to machines replacing them—is expected to escalate. [45] Automation alters the number of jobs and the skills demands of industries. As of 2019, the production output of first world nations' manufacturing sectors was doubled when compared to 1984 output; but it is now produced with one-third fewer workers and at significantly reduced operating costs. [46] Half of all jobs with requirements lower than a bachelor's degree are currently in the process of being replaced with partial- or full-automation. [47]

The World Economic Forum forecast that 65% of children entering primary school will end up in jobs or careers that currently do not yet exist. [48]

A rise in the retirement age has been called for in view of an increase in life expectancy and has been put in place in many jurisdictions. [49] [50]

Linguistic diversity

As of 2009, Ethnologue catalogued 6,909 living human languages. [51] The exact number of known living languages will vary from 5,000 to 10,000, generally depending on the precision of one's definition of "language", and in particular, on how one classifies dialects.

Estimates vary depending on many factors, but the general consensus is that there are between 6,000 and 7,000 languages currently spoken. Between 50% and 90% of those will have become extinct by the year 2100. [52]

The top 20 languages spoken by more than 50 million speakers each, are spoken by 50% of the world's population. In contrast, many of the other languages are spoken by small communities, most of them with fewer than 10,000 speakers. [52]

Events

2000s

Belligerents of the Second Congo War Second Congo War Africa map en.png
Belligerents of the Second Congo War
George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States, from 2001 to 2009 George-W-Bush.jpeg
George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States, from 2001 to 2009
September 11 attacks National Park Service 9-11 Statue of Liberty and WTC fire.jpg
September 11 attacks
Angela Merkel and Jose Manuel Barroso Flickr - europeanpeoplesparty - EPP Sumiit 15 May 2006 (3).jpg
Angela Merkel and José Manuel Barroso
Barack Obama, the first African-American president of the United States, and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev after signing the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty Obama and Medvedev sign Prague Treaty 2010.jpeg
Barack Obama, the first African-American president of the United States, and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev after signing the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Reporter covering the death of Michael Jackson outside UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles Reporter and Crowd outside UCLA - MJ Death.jpg
Reporter covering the death of Michael Jackson outside UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles

2010s

Julia Gillard was sworn in as the first female Prime Minister of Australia in 2010. Julia Gillard 2010.jpg
Julia Gillard was sworn in as the first female Prime Minister of Australia in 2010.
Americans celebrating the death of Osama bin Laden in front of the White House White House celebrations, May 2 2011.jpg
Americans celebrating the death of Osama bin Laden in front of the White House
Pope Francis in Poland Swiatowe Dni Mlodziezy - 28559360556.jpg
Pope Francis in Poland
Ukraine, Euromaidan, people protesting in favor of Ukraine's European way. Euromaidan Kiev 2014-01-23 11-04.JPG
Ukraine, Euromaidan, people protesting in favor of Ukraine's European way.
Pro-Russian separatists in Donetsk, Ukraine 2016-05-09. Den' Pobedy v Donetske 093.jpg
Pro-Russian separatists in Donetsk, Ukraine
2015 European migrant crisis Slovenska vojska pri resevanju migrantske situacije z vec zmogljivostmi 01.jpg
2015 European migrant crisis
Turkish anti-coup rally in support of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, 22 July 2016 After coup nightly demonstartion of president Erdogan supporters. Istanbul, Turkey, Eastern Europe and Western Asia. 22 July,2016.jpg
Turkish anti-coup rally in support of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, 22 July 2016
Inauguration of Donald Trump Donald Trump swearing in ceremony.jpg
Inauguration of Donald Trump
Students from Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, parents, and others march in the March for Our Lives protest in Parkland, Florida, in 2018 March For Our Lives Parkland 2018.jpg
Students from Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, parents, and others march in the March for Our Lives protest in Parkland, Florida, in 2018
2018 Kerala floods, India Whiteguard Volunteers HELP KERALA FLOOD 2018.jpg
2018 Kerala floods, India
Notre-Dame fire NotreDame20190415QuaideMontebello (cropped).jpg
Notre-Dame fire

2010

2011

2012

China's Xi Jinping has been the Paramount leader since 2012 Xi Jinping 2019.jpg
China's Xi Jinping has been the Paramount leader since 2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020s

George Floyd protests in Miami during the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020. George Floyd Miami Protest, June 7, 2020 17.jpg
George Floyd protests in Miami during the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020.
Joe Biden, the 46th and current president of the United States. Joe Biden presidential portrait.jpg
Joe Biden, the 46th and current president of the United States.
January 6 United States Capitol attack 2021 storming of the United States Capitol 09 (cropped).jpg
January 6 United States Capitol attack
Fall of Kabul Taliban Humvee in Kabul, August 2021 (cropped).png
Fall of Kabul
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Destruction of Russian tanks by Ukrainian troops in Mariupol (4).jpg
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Crowds at Buckingham Palace following the death of Elizabeth II 20220908-Buckingham Palace Elizabeth II death reactions (07).jpg
Crowds at Buckingham Palace following the death of Elizabeth II
Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI Corpo de Bento XVI em camara ardente.(2).png
Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI
2023 Brazilian Congress attack Invasao do predio do Congresso Nacional (52616674782).jpg
2023 Brazilian Congress attack
2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake Collage of 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.jpg
2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake
Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank 3003 West Tasman Drive entrance 2, Santa Clara, California.jpg
Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank
Coronation of Charles III and Camilla 2023 Coronation Balcony.jpg
Coronation of Charles III and Camilla
Wagner Group rebellion Prigozhin rebellion Rostov tank with flowers in the muzzle June 24.jpg
Wagner Group rebellion
2023 Israel-Hamas war Buildings in Gaza Strip being levelled by Israeli missiles (cropped).png
2023 Israel–Hamas war

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Politics, wars and states

Russian President Vladimir Putin with George W. Bush and other Western leaders in Moscow, 9 May 2005 Victory Day Parade 2005-26.jpg
Russian President Vladimir Putin with George W. Bush and other Western leaders in Moscow, 9 May 2005
Protesters try to stop members of the G8 from attending the summit during the 27th G8 summit in Genoa, Italy by burning vehicles on the main route to the summit. Genova-G8 2001-Incidenti a Corso Torino.jpg
Protesters try to stop members of the G8 from attending the summit during the 27th G8 summit in Genoa, Italy by burning vehicles on the main route to the summit.

New countries and territorial changes

Some territories and states have gained independence during the 21st century. This is a list of sovereign states that have gained independence in the 21st century and have been recognized by the UN.

Celebration of the Declaration of Independence of Kosovo Kosova independence Vienna 17-02-2008 b.jpg
Celebration of the Declaration of Independence of Kosovo

These nations gained sovereignty through government reform.

The Union of the Comoros replaced the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros

The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan replaced the Islamic State of Afghanistan.

The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro replaced the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan replaced the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan

The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal replaced the Kingdom of Nepal.

The National Transitional Council of Libya replaced the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

The State of Libya replaced the National Transitional Council of Libya.

The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan replaced the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.

These territories have declared independence and secured relative autonomy but they have only been recognized by some UN member states:

These territories have declared independence and secured relative autonomy but they have been recognized by no one:

These territories were annexed from a sovereign country, the action has only been recognized by some UN member states:

These territories were ceded to another country:

Science and technology

Space exploration

NASA successfully lands the Curiosity rover on the surface of Mars. PIA16239 High-Resolution Self-Portrait by Curiosity Rover Arm Camera.jpg
NASA successfully lands the Curiosity rover on the surface of Mars.
Artist's impression of New Horizons' close encounter with the Pluto-Charon system. 15-011a-NewHorizons-PlutoFlyby-ArtistConcept-14July2015-20150115.jpg
Artist's impression of New Horizons ' close encounter with the Pluto–Charon system.

Physics

Mathematics

Meteorology

Biotechnology and medicine

Telecommunications

The Digital Revolution continued into the early 21st century with mobile phone usage and Global Internet usage growing massively, becoming available to many more people, with more applications and faster speeds.

Worldwide Internet users [192]
2005201020172023
World population (billions) [193] 6.56.97.48.0
Worldwide16%30%48%67%
In developing world8%21%41.3%60%
In developed world51%67%81%93%

Social networking emerged in the mid-2000s as a popular form of social communication, partly replacing much of the function of email, message boards and instant messaging services. Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat and WeChat are all major examples of social media which have gained widespread popularity. The use of webcams and front-facing cameras on PCs and related devices, and services such as Skype, Zoom and FaceTime, have made video calling and video conferencing widespread. Their use hugely increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Civil unrest

December 2001 riots in Argentina, also known as "Argentinazo". Crisis 20 diciembre 2001.jpg
December 2001 riots in Argentina, also known as "Argentinazo".
2007 Georgian demonstrations against the government of president Mikheil Saakashvili. Demonstrations in Tbilisi, Georgia. 7 November 2007.jpg
2007 Georgian demonstrations against the government of president Mikheil Saakashvili.
Tahrir Square Protest during the Arab Spring in Egypt. Tahrir Square during Friday of Departure.png
Tahrir Square Protest during the Arab Spring in Egypt.
Peaceful protests in Madrid. In August 2011, Spain's unemployment reached 21.2% (46.2% for youths). Madrid - Acampada Sol - 110520 230541.jpg
Peaceful protests in Madrid. In August 2011, Spain's unemployment reached 21.2% (46.2% for youths).
Protesters on top of Brazil's National Congress during the 2013 protests in Brazil. Protesto no Congresso Nacional do Brasil, 17 de junho de 2013.jpg
Protesters on top of Brazil's National Congress during the 2013 protests in Brazil.
"La marcha mas grande de Chile" in Santiago, during the 2019 Estallido Social. Marcha Mas Grande De Chile 2019 Plaza Baquedano Drone.jpg
"La marcha más grande de Chile" in Santiago, during the 2019 Estallido Social.
George Floyd Protests in May 2020, Minneapolis. Minneapolis 05-28-20 (49947863357).jpg
George Floyd Protests in May 2020, Minneapolis.
Protests break out in 2023 across France over the Killing of Nahel Merzouk. Violences urbaines Nahel Besancon-Planoise 29-06-2023 oufik-de-Planoise 4.jpg
Protests break out in 2023 across France over the Killing of Nahel Merzouk.

Disasters

Natural disasters

The tsunami striking Ao Nang in Thailand on 26 December 2004. 2004-tsunami.jpg
The tsunami striking Ao Nang in Thailand on 26 December 2004.
New Orleans, Louisiana, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. KatrinaNewOrleansFlooded edit2.jpg
New Orleans, Louisiana, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

2000s

2010s

Damaged buildings in Port-au-Prince as a result of the 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti Earthquake building damage.jpg
Damaged buildings in Port-au-Prince as a result of the 2010 Haiti earthquake
Hurricane Maria destruction in Dominica in 2017. Hurricane Maria destruction along Roseau road.jpg
Hurricane Maria destruction in Dominica in 2017.

2020s

Human-made disasters

Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling unit in the Gulf of Mexico on fire in 2010 Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling unit on fire 2010.jpg
Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling unit in the Gulf of Mexico on fire in 2010

Pandemics and epidemics

Western African Ebola virus epidemic WHO in PPE.jpg
Western African Ebola virus epidemic
Santo Andre's hospital during the peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic Covid-19 SP - Santo Andre's hospital at peak of pandemic.jpg
Santo Andre's hospital during the peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Economics and industry

Sports

Association football is the most popular sport worldwide with the FIFA World Cup being the most viewed football event. Other sports such as rugby, cricket, baseball, basketball, ice hockey, tennis, and golf are popular globally. In cricket, the emergence of the Twenty20 format and the creation of the Indian Premier League led to changes in the nature of the sport. American swimmer Michael Phelps won an Olympic record setting 8 Gold medals at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

The Beijing Bird's Nest Stadium during the 2008 Summer Olympics. Beijing Birds Nest Olympics track .jpg
The Beijing Bird's Nest Stadium during the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Olympics

Association football (Men)

Association football (Women)

Cricket

Gridiron football

Quarterback Tom Brady played in 10 Super Bowls, the most ever. Tom Brady 2016.JPG
Quarterback Tom Brady played in 10 Super Bowls, the most ever.

Golf

Tiger Woods was the most successful male golfer of the first two decades of the 21st century. Tiger Woods in May 2019.jpg
Tiger Woods was the most successful male golfer of the first two decades of the 21st century.

Motorsport

The start of a race during the 2016 Supercars Championship in Australia Sydney SuperSprint 2016 Race 18 Start.jpg
The start of a race during the 2016 Supercars Championship in Australia

Rugby Union

Tennis (Men)

Tennis (Women)

Arts and entertainment

Art

An AI generated image of a mechanical dove, created via Midjourney Rupert Breheny mechanical dove eca144e7-476d-4976-821d-a49c408e4f36.png
An AI generated image of a mechanical dove, created via Midjourney

The rise of the Internet and Social Media led to art being democratized and revolutionized. [210] Art websites and spaces such as DeviantArt grew rapidly. New art movements, such as minimalism, craftivism, stuckism, and remodernism, as well as new art forms such as street art, environmental art, and pixel art, rose as well. However, concerns grew over the dilution and commercialization of art. [211]

In the late 2010s, NFTs, unique digital assets that represent ownership or proof of authenticity for a specific item, primarily used for digital art, as a new form of investment asset, began dramatically surging. However, many considered them to be an economic bubble or a Ponzi scheme. [212] In 2022, the NFT market collapsed; a May 2022 estimate was that the number of sales was down over 90% compared to 2021. [213] By September 2023, over 95% of all NFTs had zero monetary value. [214]

Music

The Eras Tour of Taylor Swift Taylor Swift Eras Tour - Arlington TX 20230331 - Look What You Made Me Do 1.jpg
The Eras Tour of Taylor Swift

At the beginning of the century, the compact disc (CD) was the standard form of music media, but alternative forms of music media started to take its place such as music downloading and online streaming. A resurgence in sales of vinyl records in the 2010s was driven by record collectors and audiophiles who prefer the sound of analog vinyl records to digital recordings. In 2020, for the first time since the 1980s, vinyl surpassed CDs as the primary form of physical media for consumers of music, though both were still surpassed by online streaming, which by the 2020s became the predominant way that people consumed music. [215] As of 2024, the most active music streaming services were YouTube (2 billion monthly music users, 100 million premium subscribers), Spotify (615 million monthly users, 239 million premium subscribers), Tencent Music (576 million monthly users, 106.7 million premium subscribers), NetEase Cloud Music (205.9 million monthly users, 44.1 million premium subscribers), Gaana (185 million monthly users), SoundCloud (175 million monthly users), JioSaavn (100 million monthly users), and Apple Music (60 million subscribers). [216]

Television

As with music, the story of the first three decades of the 21st century was the growth of streaming television services in competition with older forms of television, such as Terrestrial television, cable television, and satellite television. The first major company to dominate the streaming service market was Netflix, which began as a DVD-delivery service in the late 1990s, transitioned into an online media streaming platform initially focused on delivering content produced by studios, then began to produce its own content, beginning with the popular and critically acclaimed series House of Cards in 2013. Netflix's success encouraged the creation of numerous other streaming services, such as Hulu, YouTube Premium, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+, which within a year of its launch overtook Netflix as the most downloaded television streaming application. [217]

Issues and concerns

Global Peak Oil forecast. Virtually all economic sectors rely heavily on petroleum. GlobalPeakOilForecast.jpg
Global Peak Oil forecast. Virtually all economic sectors rely heavily on petroleum.
Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2006. Almost 97% of future population growth is expected to occur in developing (mid-to-low income) countries. Dhaka street crowds.jpg
Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2006. Almost 97% of future population growth is expected to occur in developing (mid-to-low income) countries.
In early 2019, more than 90% of world's 13,865 nuclear weapons were owned by Russia and the United States. World nuclear weapons.png
In early 2019, more than 90% of world's 13,865 nuclear weapons were owned by Russia and the United States.
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Marriage open to same-sex couples
Death penalty for homosexuality World laws pertaining to homosexual relationships and expression.svg
  Marriage open to same-sex couples

Astronomical events

See also

Notes

Related Research Articles

2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2001st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 1st year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 2nd year of the 2000s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1999</span> Calendar year

1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1999th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 999th year of the 2nd millennium, the 99th year of the 20th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1990s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1990</span> Calendar year

1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1990th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 990th year of the 2nd millennium, the 90th year of the 20th century, and the 1st year of the 1990s decade.

2002 (MMII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2002nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 2nd year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 3rd year of the 2000s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009</span> Calendar year

2009 (MMIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2009th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 9th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 10th and last year of the 2000s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2003</span> Calendar year

2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2003rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 3rd year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 4th year of the 2000s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006</span> Calendar year

2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2006th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 6th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 7th year of the 2000s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011</span> Calendar year

2011 (MMXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2011th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 11th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 2nd year of the 2010s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020s</span> Current decade of the Gregorian calendar (2020–2029)

The 2020s is the current decade that began on January 1, 2020, and will end on December 31, 2029.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013</span> Calendar year

2013 (MMXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2013th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 13th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 4th year of the 2010s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012</span> Calendar year

2012 (MMXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2012th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 12th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 3rd year of the 2010s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2015</span> Calendar year

2015 (MMXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2015th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 15th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 6th year of the 2010s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016</span> Calendar year

2016 (MMXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2016th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 16th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 7th year of the 2010s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018</span> Calendar year

2018 (MMXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2018th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 18th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 9th year of the 2010s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019</span> Calendar year

2019 (MMXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2019th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 19th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 10th and last year of the 2010s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021</span> Calendar year

2021 (MMXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2021st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 21st year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 2nd year of the 2020s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022</span> Calendar year

2022 (MMXXII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2022nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 22nd year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 3rd year of the 2020s decade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the United States (2008–present)</span>

The history of the United States from 2008 to the present began with the collapse of the housing bubble, which led to the Great Recession. The resulting economic downturn and general discontent led Barack Obama to win the presidential election in 2008, becoming the country's first African-American president. Obama's domestic agenda notably included economic stimulus packages and the Affordable Care Act. The year 2011 saw the formal end to the Iraq War as well as the killing of Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. The War on Terror continued with a shift in attention toward the Islamic State in the 2010s.

This is a timeline of the 21st century.

This section of the timeline of United States history includes major events from 2010 to the present.

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