2024 Taiwanese presidential election

Last updated

2024 Taiwanese presidential election
Flag of the Republic of China.svg
←  2020 13 January 20242028 →
Opinion polls
Registered19,548,531
Turnout71.86% (Decrease2.svg3.04pp)
  Lai Ching-te election infobox (2).jpg Hou Yu-ih election infobox.jpg Ke Wen Zhe Zhu Xi .jpg
Nominee Lai Ching-te Hou Yu-ih Ko Wen-je
Party DPP KMT TPP
Running mate Hsiao Bi-khim Jaw Shaw-kong Cynthia Wu
Popular vote5,586,0194,671,0213,690,466
Percentage40.05%33.49%26.46%
ROC 2024 Presidential Election County level.svg
ROC 2024 Presidential Election Township level.svg
President before election

Tsai Ing-wen
DPP

Elected President

Lai Ching-te
DPP

Presidential elections were held in Taiwan on 13 January 2024 as part of the 2024 general elections. [1] [2] Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), the incumbent president of the Republic of China, was ineligible for reelection due to term limits. As such, the DPP nominated Vice President Lai Ching-te, who had secured the party chairmanship by acclamation in March 2023. He selected Hsiao Bi-khim, a former US citizen and the then Representative to the United States, as his running mate. Lai was elected president with a plurality of 40.05% and was inaugurated on 20 May 2024. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Contents

The opposition Kuomintang (KMT) nominated the incumbent New Taipei mayor Hou Yu-ih as their candidate for president in May 2023. In November, Hou chose the former Legislative Yuan member Jaw Shaw-kong to be his running mate. The Taiwan People's Party (TPP) nominated Ko Wen-je, its leader, the former Mayor of Taipei, who in turn chose Legislative Yuan member Cynthia Wu as his running mate. Despite previously saying he would support Hou's nomination, businessman Terry Gou declared his own independent bid in September 2023, before ultimately dropping out in November. Although the KMT and TPP had initially agreed to field a joint ticket in November 2023, the two sides were unable to reach a final agreement, and each announced their own vice presidential candidate on the last day of registration.

This presidential election had a turnout rate of 71.86%, which was a 3.04% reduction from the 2020 election. This marked the first time since the 2000 election that the winning candidate obtained less than 50% of the vote, and the first time that a party won more than two consecutive presidential elections since direct elections were introduced in 1996.

Background

Tsai Ing-wen, the incumbent President of the Republic of China (Taiwan), was ineligible to seek re-election after serving two terms. Cai Ying Wen Guan Fang Yuan Shou Xiao Xiang Zhao .png
Tsai Ing-wen, the incumbent President of the Republic of China (Taiwan), was ineligible to seek re-election after serving two terms.

Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) became the first female president after winning the 2016 presidential election, defeating KMT nominee Eric Chu. She won a second term in 2020 and continued to serve until 20 May 2024. [7] Tsai resigned as party chairperson after the DPP suffered losses in the 2022 Taiwanese local elections. She was replaced in an acting capacity by Chen Chi-mai. [8] Tsai's Vice President Lai Ching-te ultimately became the party chairperson by acclamation in late 2022. [9]

Qualifications and procedure

Presidential and vice presidential candidates are elected on the same ticket using first-past-the-post voting. This will be the eighth direct election of the president and vice president, the posts having previously been indirectly elected by the National Assembly until 1996. According to the constitution, Tsai, having served two terms, is term-limited from office. Under Article 22 of the Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act, only the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Kuomintang (KMT), Taiwan People's Party (TPP), and New Power Party (NPP), having received more than five percent of the total vote in either the last presidential or legislative election, are eligible to contest the election.[ citation needed ]

Candidates register with the Central Election Commission. Under Article 23, independent candidates and smaller parties are also eligible to contest, registering as the candidates for president and Vice President by the way of joint signature shall, within five days after the public notice for election is issued, apply to the Central Election Commission to be the presentees recommended by way of joint signature and to receive a list of joint signers, and pay a deposit of NT$1,000,000. If the number of joint signers reaches 1.5% of the total electors in the latest Presidential and Vice Presidential Election within the time limit, which is 45 days under normal circumstances or 25 days in case of a by-election or a reelection, the presentees will be allowed to proceed with contesting in the election after the joint signature documents are examined. [10] For the 2024 presidential election, the number of signatures required for independent candidates was approximately 290,000. [11] The complete petition was to be submitted between 13 and 17 September 2023, and the signature collection period followed from 17 September to 2 November 2023. [12] Presidential candidacies were formally registered between 20 and 24 November 2023. [13] Lots for ballot positioning were drawn on 11 December; the Taiwan People's Party ticket was to be listed first, followed by the Democratic Progressive Party, then the Kuomintang. [14]

Timetable

Key Dates
DateEvent
15 March 2023The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) officially nominates vice president Lai Ching-te as the party's presidential nominee.
8 May 2023The Taiwan People's Party (TPP) officially nominates former Taipei mayor Ko Wen-je as the party's presidential nominee.
17 May 2023The Kuomintang Party (KMT) officially nominates New Taipei mayor Hou Yu-ih as the party's presidential nominee.
28 August 2023Businessman Terry Gou declares his candidacy for the presidency as an independent.
12 September-4 December 2023Accepting applications for the election of the president and vice president and registration of electors who return to the country to exercise their right to vote.
14 September 2023Terry Gou selects actress Lai Pei-hsia as his running mate.
13 November 2023Gou qualifies to run in the presidential election.
13 November 2023The KMT and TPP agree to use polling to determine the formation of a joint-ticket.
14 November 2023Announcement of the signature results of the presidential and vice presidential election.
18 November 2023The KMT and TPP fail to form a unity ticket by their own deadline.
20 November 2023The Lai-Hsiao DPP ticket is formed, and formally register at the Central Election Commission.
24 November 2023Terry Gou withdraws from the election.
24 November 2023Deadline for presidential candidate registration; the KMT and TPP file separate tickets.
20, 26 and 28 December 20233 sessions of policy presentation forum organized by Central Election Commission for presidential candidates. [15] [16] [17] [18]
22 December 2023Policy presentation forum organized by Central Election Commission for vice-president candidates. [15] [16] [17]
30 December 2023Presidential debate featuring all three candidates, jointly organized by 11 Taiwanese media corporations and hosted at Public Television Service (PTS) studio. [19]
1 January 2024Vice presidential debate organized jointly by 11 Taiwanese media corporations and hosted at PTS studio. [19]
13 January 2024Voting was held from 08:00 to 16:00, resulting in Lai Ching-te winning the election. [20]
20 May 2024Lai Ching-te and Hsiao Bi-khim were inaugurated as president and vice president, respectively.

Nominations

Democratic Progressive Party

Incumbent president, two-time Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) presidential nominee, and former Chair of the DPP Tsai Ing-wen is ineligible to run, having completed two consecutive terms. Tsai resigned as DPP Chair in 2022, following the party's poor performance in the local elections of that year. [21] After Tsai's resignation, Vice President Lai Ching-te (also known as William Lai [22] ) was unanimously elected to succeed her as Chair of the DPP. [23] Lai was previously selected to be Tsai's running mate after she defeated him in the 2020 primary. [24] No primary was held, and Lai Ching-te, being the only individual to register in the party's presidential primary, is the nominee of the Democratic Progressive Party. [25] [26] [27]

In November 2023, it was reported that Lai was considering selecting Hsiao Bi-khim (also known as Louise Hsiao), Taiwan's representative to the United States, as his running mate. [28] Hsiao resigned from her position as US representative (de facto ambassador) and returned to Taiwan on 19 November. [29] Lai officially named Hsiao as the election running mate on the same day. [30] Upon selecting Hsiao, Lai called his new running mate "a warrior for democracy" with whom he shared a common vision for Taiwan. Lai's decision to have Hsiao as his running mate was seen as a nod to the importance between Taiwan's relationship with the US. The Lai-Hsiao ticket formally registered at the Central Election Commission on 20 November 2023. [31]

Nominees

Green Island with White Cross.svg
2024 Democratic Progressive ticket
Lai Ching-te Hsiao Bi-khim
for Presidentfor Vice President
Lai Qing De Zong Tong (cropped).jpg
Xiao Mei Qin Fu Zong Tong (cropped).jpg
Vice President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
(2020–2024)		 Representative to the United States
(2020–2023)

Kuomintang

Hou Yu-ih, the Mayor of New Taipei since 2018, was drafted by the Kuomintang (KMT) on 17 May 2023 to be its nominee for the presidency. [32] Hou faced opposition from Foxconn founder Terry Gou, who had earlier stated that he would support Hou. [33] On 24 November 2023, the Kuomintang named former legislator Jaw Shaw-kong as its vice presidential candidate. [34]

Nominees

Emblem of the Kuomintang.svg
2024 Kuomintang ticket
Hou Yu-ih Jaw Shaw-kong
for Presidentfor Vice President
Hou You Yi Shi Chang Xiao Xiang .jpg
Zhao Shao Kang Fu Zong Tong Hou Xuan Ren .jpg
Mayor of New Taipei
(2018–present)		Chairman of the Broadcasting Corporation of China
(2006–2007, 2009–2024)

Taiwan People's Party

Ko Wen-je, being the only individual to register in the party's presidential primary, is the nominee of the Taiwan People's Party (TPP). [35] [36] On 24 November 2023, Ko selected Cynthia Wu, current legislator since November 2022, as his running mate. [37]

Nominees

Emblem of Taiwan People's Party 2019 Logo Only.svg
2024 Taiwan People's ticket
Ko Wen-je Cynthia Wu
for Presidentfor Vice President
Ke Wen Zhe Zhu Xi .jpg
Wu Xin Ying Xiao Xiang .jpg
Mayor of Taipei
(2014–2022)		 Member of the Legislative Yuan
(2022–2024)

Other parties and independents

All independent and minor party candidates needed a minimum of 290,000 signatures to register with the Central Election Commission. [38]

Withdrawn candidates

Terry Gou
Advertising for Terry Gou's presidential campaign remained on public transportation in the days after he suspended his campaign. Ubus 056-V3 at Kaisyuan 4th Rd 2023-11-09.jpg
Advertising for Terry Gou's presidential campaign remained on public transportation in the days after he suspended his campaign.

Billionaire businessman Terry Gou, who founded the global technology manufacturing company Foxconn in 1974, declared his own presidential run as an independent candidate on 28 August 2023. [39] This was despite previously stating he would support Kuomintang nominee Hou Yu-ih. The KMT described Gou's announcement as 'deeply regrettable'. [40]  Lai Ching-te welcomed Gou's entrance into the race, saying he would be happy to take on the challenge. [41] Gou was the first of the mainstream candidates to announce his running mate; he selected actress Lai Pei-hsia  [ zh ] (otherwise known as Tammy Lai) as his running mate on 14 September. [42] Lai had previously played a fictional Taiwanese presidential candidate on a Chinese-language Netflix series, Wave Makers. [43] Gou's campaign was mired by allegations that it was buying signatures. [44] By November 2023, at least 20 separate investigations into fraudulent practices and signature forgeries were opened. [45] 7 people were arrested in what was described as a 'signature-buying scheme' a few weeks earlier. [38] Gou denied these allegations, and claimed that individuals who were buying signatures were acting on their own accord and were not part of his official campaign. Gou submitted his signatures on 1 November 2023. [46] On 13 November, over 900,000 of Gou's submitted signatures were validated by the election commission, qualifying him to run the presidential election. [47] Amidst the deadline to register with the Central Election Commission, Gou released a statement on 24 November dropping out of the race. [48] In a statement, Gou said "I'm dropping out, but my aspirations live on." [49]  He did not endorse a candidate. [50]

Independent candidate icon 3200001.svg
2024 Independent ticket
Terry Gou Lai Pei-hsia
for Presidentfor Vice President
TerryGou (cropped).jpg
12/5 [?] Lai Pei Xia [?] <<Zhuan Nian De Li Liang >> Xin Shu Fen Xiang Hui ,Tai Zhong Chang (cropped).jpg
Founder and CEO of Foxconn
(1974–2019)		Actress, singer, writer
Other withdrawn candidates

Disqualified candidates

Nine of ten third-party or independent presidential tickets did not meet the signature petition requirements set by the Central Election Commission, and were disqualified from the election. Including Gou, only five presidential candidates and their running mates attempted to submit signatures. The rest are as follows: [52]

Election campaign

A Lai-Hsiao election poster pictured on a bus in January 2024. 2024-01-11 KKBus 879-FU at Chongqing Rd.Sec 3.jpg
A Lai-Hsiao election poster pictured on a bus in January 2024.

Throughout the election campaign, almost all polls showed Vice President Lai Ching-te winning the election by a plurality, with the rest of the vote being split between the KMT and TPP. [53] Lai's lead increased in September 2023, when Terry Gou announced his own independent bid for the presidency. [54] In August 2023, amid campaigning, Lai Ching-te went to Paraguay for an official visit in his capacity as vice president, with two stopovers in the United States. [55] Lai insisted he was not campaigning during the trips. [56] In late October, China opened an investigation into Foxconn, after Chinese tax authorities conducted an audit of the company's subsidiaries in the Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces. [57] Within the final weeks preceding the election, Lai's lead narrowed as the publication of opinion polls ceased. [58]

Lai and Hsiao held their first rally together on 26 November 2023, where they called the election a "fight for the survival of the country". [59] Lai's campaign used his late pet dog and Hsiao's pet cats as campaign mascots, the cats allegedly referencing Hsiao's "cat warrior" diplomacy. [60] Thousands of Taiwanese academics voiced their support for Lai, arguing the DPP would continue to safeguard the country's democracy. [61] Hou of the KMT said Lai was "paying lip service" to voters, and described the election as a choice between war or peace. The TPP generally opted for smaller rallies, which primarily attracted younger voters. [59] As usual, temples were visited by party candidates so as to interact with voters. [62]

Unrealized KMT–TPP joint ticket

In late 2023, talks of a possible joint ticket between the KMT and TPP began. [63] It was initially unclear if the KMT's Hou Yu-ih and the TPP's Ko Wen-je would join as a ticket, let alone who would be the nominee for president and vice president once a joint ticket was announced. [53] The DPP's Lai stated he would be able to take on the challenge of a joint ticket, and criticized the coalition plans, arguing the two parties do not share enough similarity in ideology. [64] [ failed verification ] In November, Ko said that deciding who would lead the ticket as the presidential nominee was the 'only hurdle' remaining in forming the ticket. [53] On 13 November, the KMT and TPP agreed to use polling to determine the composition of the joint presidential ticket. [65] The order of the joint ticket was to be chosen based on opinion polls and publicly announced on 18 November, [66] but the two sides were unable to come to an agreement on that date. [67] On 18 November, the original deal collapsed following a dispute regarding the polling. [68] The KMT and TPP were reportedly unable to come to a consensus surrounding the margins of error. [69] Despite the initial collapse, there were still attempts to form a pan-blue coalition ticket. Terry Gou, who himself had run in the KMT primary, was informally invited to talks as well. [70]   A televised press conference between Hou You-ih, Ko Wen-je, Terry Gou, as well as Eric Chu and Ma Ying-jeou took place on 23 November. [71] The press conference did not yield any agreement between any of the involved parties, and was described as "bizarre". [72] [73] On 24 November, the deadline for candidate registration, each party announced their own vice presidential candidate, eliminating any chance of a pan-blue ticket. [74]

Issues in focus

The TPP opted for smaller rallies (pictured). TPP Taichung election campaign 20231230 2.jpg
The TPP opted for smaller rallies (pictured).

Energy and economic policy

Hou and Ko both support gradually increasing the use of nuclear energy, (Hou supported 18% use by 2050) while the DPP's Lai supports eliminating nuclear energy by 2050. All three candidates agreed to increase use of renewables. [75] The KMT vice presidential nominee criticized the use of solar energy, preferring nuclear power instead. [76] Cost of living featured as a topic of debate, with a third of voters saying economic issues were pressing. Both Lai and Hou pledged to increase the minimum wage. [77] Lai acknowledged there were shortcomings in the government's approach to help younger people in the country, promising minimum wage would increase from NT$26,400 to NT$27,470 by 2025. [78] Additionally, Lai vowed to offer financial support to Taiwanese start-up companies, saying he would allocate NT$150 billion for small business investment. [79] Ko offered plans to integrate hospitals and bolster the medical field, while the KMT's Hou promised to address mental health. [76]

Social issues

Rights groups such as the Awakening Foundation criticized all three major party candidates for not doing enough to promote gender equality, which includes reducing working hours for parents, the gender pay gap, and child care. [80] In October, Vice President Lai joined a Pride Parade in Taipei, becoming one of the most senior government officials to do so. [81] TPP candidate Ko Wen-je had historically been opposed to same-sex marriage. [82] Both Lai Ching-te and Ko Wen-je signed a pledge organized by the Taiwan Equality Campaign promising to promote and support sexual diversity and LGBT equality. [83] Hou criticized Lai for his lack of a consistent position on capital punishment, which most polls show has been widely supported by the public. At the presidential debate, Lai stated although he was personally opposed to the death penalty, it would remain in place under his administration due to broad public support. [84]

Cross-Strait relations and national defense

In China, Xi Jinping had further asserted his power, having secured an unprecedented third term as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, the most powerful position in China. [85] The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine had also prompted fears of an escalation between Mainland China and Taiwan. [86] The CIA also warned not to underestimate the potential of a Chinese invasion of Taiwan. [87] After incumbent President Tsai Ing-wen visited the United States and met with House Speaker Kevin McCarthy in April 2023, the Chinese military responded with military exercises near Taiwan. [88] When KMT nominee Hou Yu-ih visited the US, he encouraged the Biden administration to make clear their commitment to defending Taiwan. Later in December, Hou stated he would seek closer ties with China, and criticized the Tsai administration's approach to China. [89] Lai asserted Taiwanese sovereignty, but said a formal declaration of independence would be unnecessary. He also said he would be willing to work with the Chinese government, but only if they renounce any intentions to use force against Taiwan. [90] In November 2023, Lai argued that closer economic ties with like-minded countries could maintain Taiwan's sovereignty while preventing escalation of conflict. [91]

The DPP generally favored a continuation of the status quo of cross-strait relations coupled by strengthening ties with the United States. Lai did not rule out dialogue with China, but described Taiwanese sovereignty as 'a fact', making any declaration of independence unnecessary. [92] The KMT believed economic links with mainland China and more dialogue would preserve peace between the two. [77] Lai's past self-identification as a "worker for Taiwanese independence" led to criticism from both Hou and Ko; Lai argued that Taiwan is a sovereign nation under the name the Republic of China. [58] Lai accused the opposition of befriending the Chinese Communist Party instead of countering them. [58] China's Taiwan Affairs Council described the DPP ticket as a "separatist duo". TPP candidate Ko stated that Taiwan should be a bridge between the US and China, rather than what he described as a pawn. Outgoing President Tsai of the DPP highlighted China's one country two systems doctrine with Hong Kong as an example of what could happen if Taiwan were to reunify with mainland China. Polls showed most Taiwanese preferred the status quo. [93] In response to former KMT President Ma Ying-jeou's comments stating Taiwan must rely on Xi Jinping's willingness to not invade, Lai cautioned against trusting the Chinese government; instead he reiterated his plans to strengthen national defense. [94] Again outgoing Tsai reminded voters of Hong Kong's place in China, arguing on 12 January 2024 that greater security would act as the best deterrent to any forceful reunification. [95]

In 2023, the Ministry of Defense commissioned the building of the first Haikun-class submarine. Launched in September 2023, it is set to enter service by 2025. [96] In an August 2023 interview with Bloomberg, Lai described a strong military capacity as being a form of deterrence against potential Chinese aggression. [90] In October, Lai said that Taiwan's armed forces must be able to safeguard the country. [91] The Chinese government sanctioned five American-based companies for their sale of arms to Taiwan's military one week before the election. [97]

Election interference

Lai campaign headquarters in Kaohsiung, in December 2023. William Lai's Kaohsiung Campaign Headquarters 20231206.jpg
Lai campaign headquarters in Kaohsiung, in December 2023.

Thousands of cases related to election interference were opened by Taiwanese authorities, implicating more than 3,000 individuals. There were 1,430 cases of election gambling and 353 cases involving misinformation. Illegal gains from gambling and bribes exceeded NT$45.11 million (US$1.45 million). [98] Over 40 people were detained under various charges. Another investigation uncovered a large but isolated network of inauthentic social media accounts that promoted the KMT and attacked Ko Wen-je out of the concern that Ko would become a spoiler candidate. [99] [100]

Involving China

Hundreds of people were arrested under the Anti-Infiltration Act. Some of them received money from China, made trips there, or subsidized others to travel to the mainland. [98] Ten Taiwanese soldiers were allegedly paid by China to make surrender videos, and one of them was reportedly offered millions to defect in a military helicopter. [100] Taiwanese intelligence reported that China coordinated disinformation campaigns on social media to influence the election. [101] According to the BBC, these efforts were meant to drive a wedge between Taiwan and the US, portraying the latter as unreliable regarding defense. Most sources of disinformation, however, were credited to Taiwanese groups favorable to China. [102]

Debates

Debates for presidential candidates and vice presidential candidates were announced on 8 December. These were organized by eleven Taiwanese media corporations including Taiwan's Public Television Service as the host, and include all three candidates for president and vice president, respectively. [19] [103] The presidential and vice-presidential debates were held on 30 December and 1 January respectively. [104] [14] Prior to the debates, Central Election Commission organized several televised policy presentations on 20, 26, and 28 December for presidential candidates and on 22 December for vice presidential candidates. [15] [16] [17]

In the presidential policy presentations and only debate, Lai and Hou both sparred over cross-strait relations, with the two disagreeing on how to approach China. Hou also accused the DPP of corruption and criticized the party's handling of COVID-19. [105] He repeatedly attacked Lai over his past support for Taiwanese independence, and reiterated the need for dialogue with China. He also rejected any possibility of a one country, two systems reunification plan for Taiwan. [106] Lai in contrast compared the KMT backed 1992 Consensus with China with Hong Kong's one country, two systems model with China. He claimed annexing Taiwan is China's national policy, and cautioned against embracing their ideals. Simultaneously, he stated the importance of a peaceful Taiwan Strait. [107] He stated his support for bolstering self-defense, increasing use of renewable energy, and the implementation of policies for strengthening the economy. Ko attempted to appeal to the youth, addressing housing, wages and other issues. He said he too was open to dialogue with the Chinese government. [108] Notably, Hou spoke in Taiwanese Hokkien on numerous occasions. [109]

2024 Taiwan presidential election debate
DateHost [19]  P Present   A Absent   I Invited  
DPP
Lai Ching-te 		KMT
Hou Yu-ih 		TPP
Ko Wen-je
30 December 2023 [104] PTS [19] PPP

In the Vice Presidential presentations and debate, Wu repeatedly stressed her experience working with the US and strengthening trade, while Jaw called the DPP's Lai a "terrorist". Jaw was also subject to a gaffe in which he accidentally referred to Lai as his "boss". Hsiao criticized her opponents for questioning her Taiwanese nationality, and also accused them of being overly reliant on China for economic prosperity. [110] Trade and concerns over China played large roles in all vice presidential debates and presentations. [111] The debate in particular focussed on trade, energy and foreign policy. [112] New Bloom Magazine declared the Vice Presidential debate as a "clear win" for Hsiao. [113]

2024 Taiwan vice presidential debate
DateHost [19]  P Present   A Absent   I Invited  
DPP
Hsiao Bi-khim 		KMT
Jaw Shaw-kong 		TPP
Cynthia Wu
1 January 2024 [104] PTS [19] PPP

Foreign observations

The elections were described as "crucial" regarding foreign policy. [114] [115] The election was also described as being "closely watched" due to its impact on cross-strait ties. [58] CNN stated the election 'could change the world'. [116]

Opinion polling

2024 Taiwanese presidential opinion pollings.svg
Local regression of polls conducted since 2023

Results

All election results were released at 22:00 on 13 January, and showed that Lai Ching-te had won with 40.05% of the vote. [117]

CandidateRunning matePartyVotes%
Lai Ching-te Hsiao Bi-khim Democratic Progressive Party 5,586,01940.05
Hou Yu-ih Jaw Shaw-kong Kuomintang 4,671,02133.49
Ko Wen-je Cynthia Wu Taiwan People's Party 3,690,46626.46
Total13,947,506100.00
Valid votes13,947,50699.28
Invalid/blank votes100,8040.72
Total votes14,048,310100.00
Registered voters/turnout19,548,53171.86
Source: Central Election Commission

Results by Administrative division

Administrative divisionLai/Hsiao
(DPP)		Hou/Jaw
(KMT)		Ko/Wu
(TPP)		DPP Margin (win/lose to KMT)Total

votes

Votes%Votes%Votes%Votespp
Taipei City 587,89738.13%587,25838.08%366,85423.79%+641+0.041,542,011
New Taipei City 948,81838.59%864,55735.17%645,10526.24%+84,261+3.432,458,480
Taoyuan City 476,44135.27%460,82334.12%413,52830.61%+15,618+1.161,350,792
Taichung City 641,62237.58%552,55632.37%513,02530.05%+89,066+5.221,707,203
Tainan City 570,81150.95%286,86725.61%262,56023.44%+283,944+25.351,120,238
Kaohsiung City 800,39048.89%478,47629.23%358,09621.88%+321,914+19.671,636,962
Taiwan Province Keelung City 75,49134.83%83,68538.61%57,55026.55%-8,194-3.784,075,845216,726
Hsinchu City 92,67934.79%82,32630.90%91,38434.30%+1,295+0.49266,389
Hsinchu County 92,97727.40%125,65237.03%120,65435.56%-32,675-9.63339,283
Miaoli County 91,79828.81%131,23041.18%95,63730.01%-39,432-12.37318,665
Changhua County 282,51438.11%244,14032.93%214,71428.96%+38,374+5.18741,368
Nantou County 103,27935.95%109,16338.00%74,85426.05%-5,884-2.05287,296
Yunlin County 169,51644.54%111,63329.33%99,47026.13%+57,883+15.21380,619
Chiayi City 68,19943.26%49,50731.40%39,95025.34%+18,692+11.86157,656
Chiayi County 139,51047.69%85,64229.28%67,38223.03%+53,868+18.41292,534
Pingtung County 225,93347.58%146,08430.77%102,78821.65%+79,849+16.82474,805
Yilan County 119,51744.74%77,44128.99%70,17126.27%+42,076+15.75267,129
Hualien County 43,15724.78%87,95350.50%43,04724.72%-44,796-25.72174,157
Taitung County 30,13127.41%54,22049.32%25,59023.28%-24,089-21.91109,941
Penghu County 19,02338.60%18,05236.63%12,20224.76%+971+1.9749,277
Fuchien Province Kinmen County 4,56910.02%28,00561.40%13,03828.58%-23,436-51.3851,77145,612
Lienchiang County 64810.52%3,86062.67%1,65126.81%-3,212-52.156,159
Total5,586,01940.05%4,671,02133.49%3,690,46626.46%+914,9986.5613,947,506
Administrative divisionLai/Hsiao

(DPP)

Hou/Jaw

(KMT)

Ko/Wu

(TPP)

DPP Margin (win/lose to KMT)Total

votes

Aftermath

DPP supporters gathered outside campaign headquarters as Lai gave his victory speech. 20240113 Taiwan DPP election celebration 2.jpg
DPP supporters gathered outside campaign headquarters as Lai gave his victory speech.

At around 20:00, Hou conceded to Lai in an address to his supporters at his campaign headquarters in New Taipei. He also apologized for failing to end eight years of DPP rule. [118] At 20:04, Ko addressed his supporters at his campaign headquarters in New Taipei. He said that the TPP's campaign showed the world that Taiwan was no longer dominated by the "green" and "blue" camps and urged his supporters to continue their hard work for the next election. [119]

In a social media reflection over the campaign on 15 January, Hou's running mate Jaw Shau-kong said that in order to win future elections, the Kuomintang needed to undertake major reforms such as "incorporating a bit of socialist [messaging] on wealth equality," ensuring that its membership better reflected Taiwan's demographics, and promoting greater democracy and transparency in its nomination system. [120] At a Central Standing Committee meeting of the Kuomintang on 17 January, its leadership acknowledged that although 60% of the electorate voted against the DPP, the failure to establish a joint ticket with the TPP undermined its chances of winning the election. They also attributed the Kuomintang's defeat to its failure to attract support from younger voters as well as those living in southern Taiwan, where it lost to the DPP by 700,000 votes, and what it called the "apparatus of the state" manipulated by the outgoing government in favor of Lai. Amid calls within the Kuomintang for his resignation, party chairman Eric Chu insisted that he would "shoulder all responsibilities and endure humiliations to stay in the position until the end of his term" in 2025. [121]

During his victory speech, Lai thanked Hou and Ko for conceding, as well as the Taiwanese people for "writing a new chapter in our democracy" and taking a stand against authoritarianism, adding that they "successfully resisted efforts from external forces to influence this election." He expressed hope for "healthy and orderly" exchanges with China but also pledged to defend Taiwan from "continuing threats and intimidation" from its neighbour. [122] He called on China to "recognize the new situation, and understand that only peace benefits both sides of the strait." [123]

Outgoing president Tsai Ing-wen congratulated Lai and his running mate Hsiao Bi-kim and said the elections expressed Taiwan's "determination to maintain democracy" and their "love for Taiwan and for freedom". [124]

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Taiwan alleged that China encouraged Nauru to shift diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to China, pressured ASEAN countries to "echo the fictitious narrative of the so-called 'one China principle" and instigated statements made by the Solomon Islands, the Maldives, and Bangladesh disparaging Taiwan's sovereignty status. [125]

International reactions

People's Republic of China

During the voting, the hashtag "Taiwan election" became a top-trending topic in Weibo, at one point reaching 163.2 million views before it was removed. Chinese state media also provided little coverage on the vote. [126]

Following Lai's victory, the Taiwan Affairs Office said the elections "cannot stop the unstoppable trend of the eventual reunification of the motherland" and that the DPP "cannot represent the mainstream public opinion" in Taiwan. [127] A mainland China foreign ministry spokesperson said that regardless of the election result, "the basic fact that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is part of China will not change." [123] In response, the Taiwan-run Mainland Affairs Council urged Beijing to "fully respect the election results and Taiwan's public opinion," and "rationally assess" the post-election situation. [128]

The government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) lodged formal complaints after Japan and the United States expressed congratulations to Lai, warning them against interfering in "China's internal affairs", sending wrong signals to Taiwanese independence advocates, and violating pledges to maintain only unofficial ties with Taiwan. [129] [130] It also made démarches to Singapore after its foreign ministry welcomed and congratulated the election, [131] and summoned Philippine ambassador Jaime FlorCruz following President Bongbong Marcos' congratulatory message to Lai. [132]

During election day, eight Chinese military aircraft and six naval vessels were detected by Taiwan's Defense Ministry. [133] On 14 January, a day after Lai's victory was confirmed, four Chinese military vessels and a high-altitude balloon were detected around Taiwan. [134]

Other countries

Supranational organizations

See also

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