Legislative Yuan elections

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In Taiwan, parliamentary elections are held every four years to elect the 113 members of the Legislative Yuan, the unicameral legislature of Taiwan. The current electoral system was introduced in 2008. The constitutional amendments of 2005 extended term length from three to four years, reduced seat count from 225 to 113, and abolished the National Assembly, originally another governmental organ equivalent to a chamber of parliament.

Contents

Current electoral system

Members are elected by parallel voting:

Single-member constituencies

The delimitation of the single-member constituencies within the cities and counties was initially a major political issue in the early years, with bargaining between the government and the legislature. Of the 15 cities and counties to be partitioned (the ten others have only one seat), only seven of the districting schemes proposed by the CEC were approved in a normal way. The eight other schemes were decided by drawing lots: "Taipei and Taichung cities and Miaoli and Changhua counties will adopt the version suggested by the CEC, while Kaohsiung city will follow the consensus of the legislature. Taipei county will follow the proposal offered by the opposition Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taoyuan county will adopt the ruling Democratic Progressive Party's scheme, and Pingtung county will use the scheme agreed upon by the Non-partisan Solidarity Union, People First Party, Kuomintang and Taiwan Solidarity Union." [1]

Under Articles 35 and 37 of the Civil Servants Election and Recall Act  [ zh ], the electoral constituencies are to be revised every ten years based on population density. Demographic data is obtained by investigation of household registration and should be compiled two years and two months before the tenure of current legislators end. The Central Election Commission reviews the boundaries, then submits any proposed alterations to the Legislative Yuan 20 months before the election for final consent and announcement.

Indigenous districts

Six seats are reserved for indigenous peoples. They are elected by single non-transferable vote in two 3-member constituencies for lowland aborigines and highland aborigines respectively. This system did not fulfil the promise in the treaty-like document A New Partnership Between the Indigenous Peoples and the Government of Taiwan , where each of the 13 recognised indigenous peoples was to get at least one seat, and the distinction between highland and lowland abolished.

Party-list

Seats are allocated using the largest remainder method with the Hare quota which, with 34 seats, is 2.9412%. A party's vote share must exceed a threshold of 5% to win any seats. Votes for parties which do not pass the threshold are first excluded. The vote share for the remaining parties are calculated. A party is allocated one seat for every 2.9412% of votes. The remaining seats are allocated in succession to the party with the largest remainder.

For each party, at least half of the legislators elected under this system must be female. Therefore, with an odd number of seats, females will always outnumber males.

Parliamentary elections since 1991

YearChamber
Order		Seat compositionPolitical parties by popular vote
Political party ConstituencyParty listSeats
1991 NA 2



 Kuomintang 6,053,366Refer to
constituency		254
Democratic Progressive 2,036,27166
Democratic Nonpartisan Union193,2343
Independents253,032—2
1992 LY 2



 Kuomintang 5,030,725Refer to
constituency		95
Democratic Progressive 2,944,19551
Chinese Social Democratic 126,2131
Independents1,331,555—14
1995 LY3



 Kuomintang 4,349,089Refer to
constituency		85
Democratic Progressive 3,132,15654
New 1,222,93121
Independents730,529—4
1996 NA3



 Kuomintang 5,180,829Refer to
constituency		183
Democratic Progressive 3,112,73699
New 1,425,89646
Green Party Taiwan 113,9421
Independents572,961—5
1998 LY4
 Kuomintang 4,659,679Refer to
constituency		123
Democratic Progressive 2,966,83570
New 708,46511
Democratic Union375,1184
Democratic Nonpartisan Union66,0333
New Nation Alliance157,8261
Taiwan Independence 145,1181
Independents946,431—12
2001 LY5


 Democratic Progressive 3,447,740Refer to
constituency		87
Kuomintang 2,949,37168
People First 1,917,83646
Taiwan Solidarity Union 801,56013
New 269,6201
Taiwan Number One 12,9171
Independents899,254—9
2004 LY6


 Democratic Progressive 3,471,429Refer to
constituency		89
Kuomintang 3,190,08179
People First 1,350,61334
Taiwan Solidarity Union 756,71212
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union 353,1646
New 12,1371
Independents577,292—4
2005 NAad
hoc



 Democratic Progressive Party list
only		1,647,791127
Kuomintang 1,508,384117
Taiwan Solidarity Union 273,14721
People First 236,71618
Other parties209,56017
2008 LY7



 Kuomintang 5,291,5125,010,80181
Democratic Progressive 3,775,3523,610,10627
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union 239,31768,5273
People First 28,254—1
Independents393,346—1
2012 LY8


 Kuomintang 6,339,3015,863,37964
Democratic Progressive 5,763,1864,556,52640
Taiwan Solidarity Union —1,178,8963
People First 175,032722,0893
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union 168,861—2
Independents532,270—1
2016 LY9


 Democratic Progressive 5,416,6835,370,95368
Kuomintang 4,724,3943,280,94935
New Power 351,244744,3155
People First 156,212794,3833
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union 27,69077,6721
Independents668,446—1
2020 LY10


 Democratic Progressive 6,383,7834,811,24161
Kuomintang 5,761,9954,723,50438
Taiwan People's 264,4781,588,8065
New Power 141,9521,098,1003
Statebuilding 141,503447,2861
Independents1,086,463—5
2024 LY11



 Kuomintang 5,401,9334,764,57652
Democratic Progressive 6,095,2764,982,06251
Taiwan People's 403,3573,040,6158
Independents1,069,758—2

Early parliamentary supplementary elections (1969–1989)

According to the interpretation of the Constitutional Court (Judicial Yuan), [2] under the original constitution the National Assembly, Legislative Yuan, and Control Yuan were seen to constitute the Parliament in Taiwan. After 20 years of relocating the government to Taiwan, the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China amended the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion to start limited parliamentary elections. Delegates of the National Assembly [3] and members of the Legislative Yuan [4] are directly elected, while members of the Control Yuan [5] were indirectly elected by the provincial legislatures. The elected members served together with existing members elected by the 1947 Chinese National Assembly election, the 1948 Chinese legislative election, and the 1947-1948 Chinese Control Yuan election in the respective chambers.

YearChamber/OrderSeat composition Political party Seats
Direct
election		Indirect
election		 Presidential
appointment		Total
1969 NA supp.





 Kuomintang 15——15
1969 LY supp.




 Kuomintang 8——11
Independents3——
1969 CY supp.




 Kuomintang —1—2
Independents—1—
1972 NA1st supp.




 Kuomintang 43——53
Independents10——
1972 LY1st supp.




 Kuomintang 30—1151
Chinese Youth 1—0
Independents5—4
1973CY1st supp.




 Kuomintang —9415
China Democratic Socialist —10
Independents—01
1975 LY2nd supp.




 Kuomintang 30—1352
Chinese Youth 1—0
Independents6—2
1980 NA2nd supp.




 Kuomintang 63——76
China Democratic Socialist 1——
Independents12——
1980 LY3rd supp.




 Kuomintang 58—2397
Chinese Youth 0—2
Independents12—2
1980CY2nd supp.



 Kuomintang —16532
Chinese Youth —10
China Democratic Socialist —01
Independents—54
1983 LY4th supp.



 Kuomintang 62—2198
Chinese Youth 0—2
China Democratic Socialist 0—1
Independents9—3
1986 NA3rd supp.



 Kuomintang 68——84
Democratic Progressive 11——
China Democratic Socialist 1——
Independents4——
1986 LY5th supp.



 Kuomintang 59—20100
Democratic Progressive 12—0
Chinese Youth 0—2
China Democratic Socialist 0—1
Independents2—4
1987CY3rd supp.



 Kuomintang —17732
Chinese Youth —10
China Democratic Socialist —01
Independents—42
1989 LY6th supp.



 Kuomintang 72—22130
Democratic Progressive 21—0
Chinese Youth 0—1
Independents8—6

See also

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