The Kuomintang (KMT),also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD),the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP),is a major political party in the Republic of China,initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949. KMT is a centre-right to right-wing party and the largest in the Pan-Blue Coalition. Its primary rival is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and its allies in the Pan-Green Coalition. As of 2024,the KMT is the largest single party in the Legislative Yuan. The current chairman is Eric Chu.
The Constitution of the Republic of China is the fifth and current constitution of the Republic of China (ROC),ratified by the Kuomintang during the Constituent National Assembly session on 25 December 1946,in Nanjing,and adopted on 25 December 1947. The constitution,along with its Additional Articles,remains effective in ROC-controlled territories.
The history of the Republic of China began in 1912 with the end of the Qing dynasty,when the Xinhai Revolution and the formation of the Republic of China put an end to 2,000 years of imperial rule. The Republic experienced many trials and tribulations after its founding which included being dominated by elements as disparate as warlord generals and foreign powers.
As a result of the surrender and occupation of Japan at the end of World War II,the islands of Taiwan and Penghu were placed under the governance of the Republic of China (ROC),ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT),on 25 October 1945. Following the February 28 massacre in 1947,martial law was declared in 1949 by the Governor of Taiwan,Chen Cheng,and the ROC Ministry of National Defense. Following the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949,the ROC government retreated from the mainland as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The KMT retreated to Taiwan and declared Taipei the temporary capital of the ROC. For many years,the ROC and PRC each continued to claim in the diplomatic arena to be the sole legitimate government of "China". In 1971,the United Nations expelled the ROC and replaced it with the PRC.
The free area of the Republic of China,also known as the "Taiwan Area of the Republic of China",the "Tai-Min Area" or simply the "Taiwan Area",is a term used by the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to refer to the territories under its actual control. It is also used as a legal term written in the Additional articles of the ROC constitution and Cross-Strait Act.
The Nationalist government,officially the National Government of the Republic of China,refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948,led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party.
The 1st Legislative Yuan election was held in China between 21 and 23 January 1948. This election,and the preceding 1947 National Assembly election are the first elections of under the newly ratified 1947 Constitution of the Republic of China. Under this constitution,the Legislative Yuan is a standing legislature when the National Assembly is not in session. At the time most of Chinese territory was under the control of the government of the Republic of China,using a direct voting system elected 759 Legislative Representatives. Using the Republic's then 461 million population to calculate,on average 600,000 people elected one representative in the Legislative Yuan. The election along with the one held for the National Assembly also made China the largest democracy at the time.
The term "Two Chinas" refers to the geopolitical situation where two political entities exist under the name "China".
The Government of the Republic of China is the national government of the Republic of China (ROC) whose de facto territory currently consists of Taiwan,Penghu,Kinmen,Matsu,and other island groups in the "free area". Governed by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) since 2016,the president is the head of state. The government consists of the presidency and five branches (Yuan):the Executive Yuan,Legislative Yuan,Judicial Yuan,Examination Yuan,and Control Yuan.
Legislative elections were held in Taiwan on 19 December 1992.
The Kuomintang (KMT) is a Chinese political party that ruled mainland China from 1927 to 1949 prior to its relocation to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War. The name of the party translates as "China's National People's Party" and was historically referred to as the Chinese Nationalists. The Party was initially founded on 23 August 1912,by Sun Yat-sen but dissolved in November 1913. It reformed on October 10,1919,again led by Sun Yat-sen,and became the ruling party in China. After Sun's death,the party was dominated from 1927 to 1975 by Chiang Kai-shek. After the KMT lost the civil war with the Chinese Communist Party in 1949,the party retreated to Taiwan and remains a major political party of the Republic of China based in Taiwan.
Martial law in Taiwan refers to the periods in the history of Taiwan after World War II,during control by the Republic of China Armed Forces of the Kuomintang-led regime. The term is specifically used to refer to the over 38-year-long consecutive martial law period between 20 May 1949 and 14 July 1987,which was qualified as "the longest imposition of martial law by a regime anywhere in the world" at that time.
Period of mobilization for the suppression of Communist rebellion is a political term used by the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China to indicate the country's entering into a state of emergency with the raising Chinese Civil War. The term aimed to mobilize the people and resources under Kuomintang's control to fight with the Chinese Communist Party rebellion.
The Republic of China (ROC),or simply China,was a sovereign state based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949 prior to the government's relocation to Taiwan,where it continues to be based today. The ROC was established on 1 January 1912 during the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty,ending the imperial history of China. The Republican government was ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT) as a one-party state based in Nanjing from 1927,until its flight to Taipei on 7 December 1949 following the KMT's de facto defeat by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War. The CCP proclaimed the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949,while the ROC retains control over the "Free Area",with the political status of Taiwan remaining in dispute to this day.
The National Security Council is an organ of the Republic of China (Taiwan) directly under the chairmanship of the President to advise on issues related to national security.
The Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area,also called Cross-Strait Act,is the law of the Republic of China governing cross-Strait relations.
Indirect elections were held for the presidency and vice-presidency of the government of the Republic of China on Taiwan on March 21,1990. The vote took place at the Chung-Shan Building in Yangmingshan,Taipei. Incumbent President Lee Teng-hui was elected,with Secretary-General to the President Lee Yuan-tsu as the Vice President. It was the last indirect presidential election in Taiwan.
The retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan,also known as the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan or the Great Retreat in Taiwan,refers to the exodus of the remnants of the then-internationally-recognized Kuomintang-ruled government of the Republic of China (ROC) to the island of Taiwan (Formosa) on December 7,1949,after losing the Chinese Civil War in the Chinese mainland. The Kuomintang,its officers,and approximately 2 million ROC troops took part in the retreat,in addition to many civilians and refugees,fleeing the advance of the People's Liberation Army of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The CCP,who now effectively controlled most of Mainland China,spent the subsequent years purging any remnant Nationalist agents and bandits in western and southern China,solidifying the rule of the newly established People's Republic of China.
The National Constituent Assembly was a constituent assembly in China,assembled for drafting the Constitution of the Republic of China. Meetings were convened in November and December 1946 at National Great Hall,Nanjing.
