The Kuomintang (KMT),also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD),the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP),is a political party in Taiwan,initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taipei since 1949. The KMT is a centre-right to right-wing party and the largest in the Pan-Blue Coalition,one of the two main political groups in Taiwan. Its primary rival is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP),the largest party in the Pan-Green Coalition. As of 2024,the KMT is the largest single party in the Legislative Yuan. The current chairman is Eric Chu.
The president of the Republic of China (ROC),also known as the president of Taiwan,is the head of state of the Republic of China (Taiwan) as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Before 1949 the position had the authority of ruling over Mainland China,but after communist victory in the Chinese Civil War,the remaining jurisdictions of the ROC have been limited to Taiwan,Penghu,Kinmen,Matsu,and smaller islands.
The Constitution of the Republic of China is the fifth and current constitution of the Republic of China (ROC),ratified by the Kuomintang during the Constituent National Assembly session on 25 December 1946,in Nanking,and adopted on 25 December 1947. The constitution,along with its Additional Articles,remains effective in ROC-controlled territories.
The history of the Republic of China began in 1912 with the end of the Qing dynasty,when the Xinhai Revolution and the formation of the Republic of China put an end to 2,000 years of imperial rule. The Republic experienced many trials and tribulations after its founding which included being dominated by elements as disparate as warlord generals and foreign powers.
As a result of the surrender and occupation of Japan at the end of World War II,the islands of Taiwan and Penghu were placed under the governance of the Republic of China (ROC),ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT),on 25 October 1945. Following the February 28 massacre in 1947,martial law was declared in 1949 by the Governor of Taiwan,Chen Cheng,and the ROC Ministry of National Defense. Following the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949,the ROC government retreated from the mainland as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The KMT retreated to Taiwan and declared Taipei the temporary capital of the ROC. For many years,the ROC and PRC each continued to claim in the diplomatic arena to be the sole legitimate government of "China". In 1971,the United Nations expelled the ROC and replaced it with the PRC.
The elections in Taiwan each held every four years,typically in January and November. Since 2012 the previously eleven types of elections in Taiwan have been unified into general and local elections. There may also be by-elections. Electoral systems include first-past-the-post,proportional representation,single non-transferable voting,and a parallel mixture of the above.
The Taiwan Area,fully the "Taiwan Area of the Republic of China",also the free area of the Republic of China,the "Tai-Min Area",is a term used to refer to the actual-controlled territories of the Republic of China,usually called "Taiwan". It has been in official use since the Additional articles of the Republic of China constitution took effect to end temporary anti-communist provisions on 1 May 1991. The term is also used in the 1992 Cross-Strait Act.
The Nationalist government,officially the National Government of the Republic of China,refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948,led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party.
The 1st Legislative Yuan election was held in China between 21 and 23 January 1948. This election,and the preceding 1947 National Assembly election are the first elections of under the newly ratified 1947 Constitution of the Republic of China. Under this constitution,the Legislative Yuan is a standing legislature when the National Assembly is not in session. At the time most of Chinese territory was under the control of the government of the Republic of China,using a direct voting system elected 759 Legislative Representatives. Using the Republic's then 461 million population to calculate,on average 600,000 people elected one representative in the Legislative Yuan. The election along with the one held for the National Assembly also made China the largest democracy at the time.
The Government of the Republic of China,is the national authority whose actual-controlled territory consists of main island of Taiwan (Formosa),Penghu,Kinmen,Matsu,and other island groups,collectively known as Taiwan Area or Free Area. A unitary state,the ROC government,under the current constitutional amendments,is run by a de facto semi-presidential system,consists of the presidency and five branches (Yuan):the Executive Yuan,Legislative Yuan,Judicial Yuan,Examination Yuan,and Control Yuan. The president is the head of state,with the premier as the head of government,currently ruled by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) since 2016. Since the 2005 amendments of the Additional Articles of the Constitution,the Legislative Yuan has been the de facto unicameral parliamentary body of the country.
Legislative elections were held in Taiwan on 19 December 1992.
The Kuomintang (KMT) is a Chinese political party that ruled mainland China from 1927 to 1949 prior to its relocation to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War. The name of the party translates as "China's National People's Party" and was historically referred to as the Chinese Nationalists. The party was initially founded on 23 August 1912,by Sun Yat-sen but dissolved in November 1913. It reformed on October 10,1919,again led by Sun Yat-sen,and became the ruling party in China. After Sun's death,the party was dominated from 1927 to 1975 by Chiang Kai-shek. After the KMT lost the civil war with the Chinese Communist Party in 1949,the party retreated to Taiwan and remains a major political party of the Republic of China based in Taiwan.
Martial law in Taiwan refers to the periods in the history of Taiwan after World War II,during control by the Republic of China Armed Forces of the Kuomintang-led regime. The term is specifically used to refer to the over 38-year-long consecutive martial law period between 20 May 1949 and 14 July 1987,which was qualified as "the longest imposition of martial law by a regime anywhere in the world" at that time.
Dang Guo,also known as Tang Kuo,was the one-party system adopted by the Republic of China (ROC) under the Kuomintang,lasting from 1924 to 1987. It was adopted after Sun Yat-sen acknowledged the efficacy of the nascent Soviet Union's political system,including its system of dictatorship. Chiang Kai-shek later used the Kuomintang to control and operate the Nationalist government and the National Revolutionary Army. All major national policies of the government bureaucracy were formulated by the Kuomintang,giving the party supreme power over the whole nation.
Period of mobilization for the suppression of Communist rebellion is a political term used by the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China to indicate the country's entering into a state of emergency with the raising Chinese Civil War. The term aimed to mobilize the people and resources under Kuomintang's control to fight with the Chinese Communist Party rebellion.
The Republic of China (ROC) began as a country in mainland China. It was established on 1 January 1912 after the 1911 Revolution,which overthrew the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and ended China's imperial history. It was ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT) as a one-party state while headquartered in Nanjing from 1927 until its relocation to Taiwan on 7 December 1949,following its defeat by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War. The CCP proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) on 1 October 1949,while the ROC retains control over the "Taiwan Area" and the political status of Taiwan remains in dispute.
The Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China are the revisions and amendments to the original constitution of the Republic of China to "meet the requisites of the nation prior to national unification",taking into account the democratic reforms and current political status of Taiwan. The Additional Articles are usually attached after the original constitution as a separate document. It also has its own preamble and article ordering different from the original constitution.
The National Security Council is an organ of the Republic of China (Taiwan) directly under the chairmanship of the President to advise on issues related to national security.
The Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area,also called Cross-Strait Act,is the law of the Republic of China governing cross-strait relations.
