December 18

Last updated August 08, 2019

December 18 in recent years

2018 (Tuesday)

2017 (Monday)

2016 (Sunday)

2015 (Friday)

2014 (Thursday)

2013 (Wednesday)

2012 (Tuesday)

2011 (Sunday)

2010 (Saturday)

2009 (Friday)

December 18 is the 352nd day of the year(353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 13 days remain until the end of the year.

A leap year is a calendar year containing one additional day added to keep the calendar year synchronized with the astronomical or seasonal year. Because seasons and astronomical events do not repeat in a whole number of days, calendars that have the same number of days in each year drift over time with respect to the event that the year is supposed to track. By inserting an additional day or month into the year, the drift can be corrected. A year that is not a leap year is called a common year.

The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most of the world. It is named after Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in October 1582. The calendar spaces leap years to make the average year 365.2425 days long, approximating the 365.2422-day tropical year that is determined by the Earth's revolution around the Sun. The rule for leap years is:

Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100, but these centurial years are leap years if they are exactly divisible by 400. For example, the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 are not leap years, but the year 2000 is.

Events

218 BC – Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia: Hannibal's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Roman Republic.
1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty of Mongolia and China.
1499 – A rebellion breaks out in Alpujarras in response to the forced conversions of Muslims in Spain.
1622 – Portuguese forces score a military victory over the Kingdom of Kongo at the Battle of Mbumbi in present-day Angola.
1655 – The Whitehall Conference ends with the determination that there was no law preventing Jews from re-entering England after the Edict of Expulsion of 1290.
1777 – The United States celebrates its first Thanksgiving, marking the recent victory by the American rebels over British General John Burgoyne at Saratoga in October.
1787 – New Jersey becomes the third state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.
1793 – Surrender of the frigate La Lutine by French Royalists to Lord Samuel Hood; renamed HMS Lutine, she later becomes a famous treasure wreck.
1833 – The national anthem of the Russian Empire, "God Save the Tsar!", is first performed.
1854 – The British Parliament abolishes feudalism and the seigneurial system in British North America.^[1]
1865 – US Secretary of State William Seward proclaims the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment, prohibiting slavery throughout the USA.
1878 – The Al-Thani family become the rulers of the state of Qatar.
1892 – Premiere performance of The Nutcracker by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
1898 – Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets the first officially recognized land speed record of 39.245 mph (63.159 km/h) in a Jeantaud electric car.
1900 – The Upper Ferntree Gully to Gembrook, Victoria Narrow-gauge (2 ft 6 in or 762 mm) Railway (now the Puffing Billy Railway) in Victoria, Australia is opened for traffic.
1916 – World War I: The Battle of Verdun ends when German forces under Chief of staff Erich von Falkenhayn are defeated by the French, and suffer 337,000 casualties.
1917 – The resolution containing the language of the Eighteenth Amendment to enact Prohibition is passed by the United States Congress.
1932 – The Chicago Bears defeat the Portsmouth Spartans in the first NFL playoff game to win the NFL Championship.
1935 – The Lanka Sama Samaja Party is founded in Ceylon.
1939 – World War II: The Battle of the Heligoland Bight, the first major air battle of the war, takes place.
1944 – World War II: Seventy-seven B-29 Superfortress and 200 other aircraft of U.S. Fourteenth Air Force bomb Hankow, China, a Japanese supply base.
1958 – Project SCORE, the world's first communications satellite, is launched.
1966 – Saturn's moon Epimetheus is discovered by astronomer Richard Walker.
1972 – Vietnam War: President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will engage North Vietnam in Operation Linebacker II, a series of Christmas bombings, after peace talks collapsed with North Vietnam on the 13th.
1973 – Soviet Soyuz Programme: Soyuz 13 , crewed by cosmonauts Valentin Lebedev and Pyotr Klimuk, is launched from Baikonur in the Soviet Union.
1977 – United Airlines Flight 2860 crashes near Kaysville, Utah, killing all three crew members on board.^[2]
1981 – First flight of the Russian heavy strategic bomber Tu-160, the world's largest combat aircraft, largest supersonic aircraft and largest variable-sweep wing aircraft built.
1999 – NASA launches into orbit the Terra platform carrying five Earth Observation instruments, including ASTER, CERES, MISR, MODIS and MOPITT.
2002 – California gubernatorial recall: Then Governor of California Gray Davis announces that the state would face a record budget deficit of $35 billion, roughly double the figure reported during his reelection campaign one month earlier.
2005 – The Chadian Civil War begins when rebel groups, allegedly backed by neighbouring Sudan, launch an attack in Adré.
2006 – The first of a series of floods strikes Malaysia. The death toll of all flooding is at least 118, with over 400,000 people displaced.
2006 – United Arab Emirates holds its first-ever elections.
2015 – Kellingley Colliery, the last deep coal mine in Great Britain, closes.
2017 – Amtrak Cascades passenger train 501, derailed near DuPont, Washington, a city in United States near Olympia, Washington killing six people, and injuring 70 others.
2018 – List of bolides: A meteor exploded over the Bering Sea with a force over 10 times greater than the atomic bomb that destroyed Hiroshima in 1945. On December 18, 2018 at 23:55 GMT^[3]

Year 218 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scipio and Longus. The denomination 218 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War and by the Romans the War Against Hannibal, was the second of three Punic Wars between Ancient Carthage and the Roman Republic, with the participation of Greek polities and Numidian and Iberian forces on both sides. It was one of the deadliest human conflicts of ancient times. Fought across the entire Western Mediterranean region for 17 years and regarded by ancient historians as the greatest war in history, it was waged with unparalleled resources, skill, and hatred. It saw hundreds of thousands killed, some of the most lethal battles in military history, the destruction of cities, and massacres and enslavements of civilian populations and prisoners of war by both sides.

Battle of the Trebia first major battle of the Second Punic War

The Battle of the Trebia was the first major battle of the Second Punic War, fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and the Roman Republic in December of 218 BC, on or around the winter solstice. It was a resounding Roman defeat with heavy losses, with only about 10,000 out of 40,000 Romans surviving and retreating to Placentia (Piacenza). In this battle, Hannibal got the better of the Romans by exercising the careful and innovative planning for which he was famous. The impetuous and short-sighted opposing general, the consul Tiberius Sempronius Longus, allowed himself to be provoked into a frontal assault under physically difficult circumstances and failed to see that he was being led into a trap.

Births

1406 – Richard Olivier de Longueil, French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal (d. 1470)
1481 – Sophie of Mecklenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Duchess of Saxony (d. 1503)
1505 – Philipp von Hutten, German explorer (d. 1546)
1507 – Ōuchi Yoshitaka, Japanese daimyō (d. 1551)
1552 – Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi, Moroccan writer, judge and mathematician (d. 1616)
1590 – William Louis, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. 1640)
1602 – Simonds d'Ewes, English historian and politician (d. 1650)
1610 – Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, French philologist and historian (d. 1688)
1620 – Heinrich Roth, German missionary and scholar (d. 1668)
1626 – Christina, Queen of Sweden (d. 1689)
1660 – Countess Johanna Magdalene of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1715)
1661 – Christopher Polhem, Swedish physicist and inventor (d. 1751)
1662 – James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry, Scottish colonel and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland (d. 1711)
1707 – Charles Wesley, English missionary and composer (d. 1788)
1725 – Johann Salomo Semler, German historian and theologian (d. 1791)
1734 – Jean-Baptiste Rey, French conductor and composer (d. 1810)
1800 – James Watney, English brewer and businessman (d. 1884)
1824 – John Hall, English-New Zealand politician, 12th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1907)
1825 – Charles Griffin, American general (d. 1876)
1825 – John S. Harris, American surveyor and politician (d. 1906)
1835 – Lyman Abbott, American minister, theologian, and author (d. 1922)
1847 – Augusta Holmès, French pianist and composer (d. 1903)
1849 – Henrietta Edwards, Canadian activist and author (d. 1931)
1851 – Graciano López Jaena, Filipino journalist (d. 1896)
1856 – J. J. Thomson, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
1860 – Edward MacDowell, American pianist and composer (d. 1908)
1861 – Lionel Monckton, English composer and critic (d. 1924)
1863 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (d. 1914)
1867 – Foxhall P. Keene, American polo player and horse breeder (d. 1941)
1869 – Edward Willis Redfield, American painter and educator (d. 1965)
1870 – Saki, British short story writer (d. 1916)
1873 – Francis Burton Harrison, American general and politician, 6th Governor-General of the Philippines (d. 1957)
1875 – Matt McGrath, Irish-American hammer thrower (d. 1941)
1878 – Joseph Stalin, Georgian-Russian marshal and politician, 4th Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 1953)
1879 – Paul Klee, Swiss-German painter and educator (d. 1940)
1882 – Richard Maury, American-Argentinian engineer, designed the Salta–Antofagasta railway (d. 1950)
1884 – Emil Starkenstein, Czech pharmacologist, co-founded clinical pharmacology (d. 1942)
1886 – Ty Cobb, American baseball player and manager (d. 1961)
1887 – Bhikhari Thakur, Indian actor, singer, and playwright (d. 1971)
1888 – Gladys Cooper, English actress and singer (d. 1971)
1888 – Robert Moses, American urban planner (d. 1981)
1890 – Edwin Howard Armstrong, American engineer, invented FM radio (d. 1954)
1896 – Gerald Barry, English colonel and cricketer (d. 1977)
1897 – Fletcher Henderson, American pianist and composer (d. 1952)
1899 – Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian philosopher and author (d. 1990)
1904 – George Stevens, American director, producer, screenwriter, and cinematographer (d. 1975)
1907 – Bill Holland, American race car driver (d. 1984)
1907 – Lawrence Lucie, American guitarist and educator (d. 2009)
1908 – Celia Johnson, English actress (d. 1982)
1908 – Paul Siple, American geographer and explorer (d. 1969)
1910 – Abe Burrows, American author, playwright, and director (d. 1985)
1910 – Eric Tindill, New Zealand rugby player, cricketer, and umpire (d. 2010)
1911 – Jules Dassin, American-Greek actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2008)
1912 – Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., American general and pilot (d. 2002)
1913 – Alfred Bester, American author and screenwriter (d. 1987)
1913 – Willy Brandt, German politician, 4th Chancellor of Germany, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
1913 – Ray Meyer, American basketball player and coach (d. 2006)
1916 – Douglas Fraser, Scottish-American trade union leader and academic (d. 2008)
1916 – Betty Grable, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1973)
1917 – Ossie Davis, American actor and activist (d. 2005)
1920 – Robert Leckie, American soldier and author (d. 2001)
1922 – Jack Brooks, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (d. 2012)
1922 – Esther Lederberg, American microbiologist (d. 2006)
1923 – Edwin Bramall, Baron Bramall, English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Greater London
1927 – Ramsey Clark, American lawyer and politician, 66th United States Attorney General
1927 – Roméo LeBlanc, Canadian journalist and politician, 25th Governor General of Canada (d. 2009)
1928 – Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Indian-English caliph and author (d. 2003)
1928 – Harold Land, American tenor saxophonist (d. 2001)
1929 – Gino Cimoli, American baseball player (d. 2011)
1929 – Józef Glemp, Polish cardinal (d. 2013)
1930 – Moose Skowron, American baseball player (d. 2012)
1931 – Allen Klein, American businessman and music publisher (d. 2009)
1931 – Alison Plowden, English historian and author (d. 2007)
1931 – Bill Thompson, American television host (d. 2014)
1932 – Norm Provan, Australian rugby league player, coach, and businessman
1932 – Roger Smith, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2017)
1933 – Lonnie Brooks, American blues singer and guitarist (d. 2017)
1934 – Marc Rich, Belgian-American businessman, founded Glencore (d. 2013)
1934 – Boris Volynov, Russian colonel, engineer, and astronaut
1935 – Rosemary Leach, English actress (d. 2017)
1935 – Jacques Pépin, French-American chef and author
1936 – Malcolm Kirk, English rugby player and wrestler (d. 1987)
1937 – Nancy Ryles, American politician (d. 1990)
1938 – Chas Chandler, English bass player and producer (d. 1996)
1938 – Joel Hirschhorn, American songwriter and composer (d. 2005)
1939 – Michael Moorcock, English author and songwriter
1939 – Harold E. Varmus, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1940 – Ilario Castagner, Italian football manager
1940 – John Cooper, English sprinter and hurdler (d. 1974)
1941 – Sam Andrew, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2015)
1941 – Wadada Leo Smith, American trumpet player and composer
1941 – Joan Wallach Scott, American historian, author, and academic
1942 – Lenore Blum, American mathematician and academic
1942 – Bobby Keyes, Australian rugby league player
1943 – Bobby Keys, American saxophone player (d. 2014)
1943 – Keith Richards, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
1943 – Alan Rudolph, American director and screenwriter
1944 – Crispian Steele-Perkins, English trumpet player and educator
1945 – Jean Pronovost, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1946 – Steve Biko, South African activist, founded the Black Consciousness Movement (d. 1977)
1946 – Steven Spielberg, American director, producer, and screenwriter, co-founded DreamWorks
1947 – Leonid Yuzefovich, Russian author and screenwriter
1948 – Bill Nelson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1948 – Mimmo Paladino, Italian sculptor and painter
1948 – Laurent Voulzy, French-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1949 – David A. Johnston, American volcanologist and geologist (d. 1980)
1950 – Gillian Armstrong, Australian director, producer, and screenwriter
1950 – Randy Castillo, American drummer and songwriter (d. 2002)
1950 – Sarath Fonseka, Sri Lankan general and politician
1950 – Lizmark, Mexican wrestler (d. 2015)
1950 – Leonard Maltin, American historian, author, and critic
1952 – John Leventhal, American songwriter and producer
1953 – Elliot Easton, American guitarist and singer
1954 – John Booth, English race car driver
1954 – Ray Liotta, American actor
1954 – Willi Wülbeck, German runner
1955 – Vijay Mallya, Indian businessman and politician
1955 – Bogusław Mamiński, Polish runner
1957 – Jonathan Cainer, English astrologer and author (d. 2016)
1958 – Geordie Walker, English guitarist
1958 – Julia Wolfe, American composer and educator
1960 – Kazuhide Uekusa, Japanese economist and academic
1960 – Naoko Yamano, Japanese singer, guitarist and composer
1961 – Brian Orser, Canadian figure skater and coach
1961 – Leila Steinberg, American singer, producer, author, and poet
1961 – Daniel S. Loeb, American businessman and philanthropist, founded Third Point Management
1961 – Lalchand Rajput, former Indian cricketer
1963 – Greg D'Angelo, American drummer
1963 – Karl Dorrell, American football player and coach
1963 – Pierre Nkurunziza, Burundian soldier and politician, President of Burundi
1963 – Charles Oakley, American basketball player and coach
1963 – Brad Pitt, American actor and producer
1964 – Stone Cold Steve Austin, American wrestler and producer
1964 – Don Beebe, American football player and coach
1965 – Shawn Christian, American actor, director, and screenwriter
1965 – Manuel Peña Escontrela, Spanish footballer (d. 2012)
1966 – Gianluca Pagliuca, Italian footballer and sportscaster
1967 – Toine van Peperstraten, Dutch journalist
1967 – Mille Petrozza, German singer-songwriter and guitarist
1968 – Mario Basler, German footballer and manager
1968 – Rachel Griffiths, Australian actress
1968 – Alejandro Sanz, Spanish singer-songwriter and guitarist
1968 – Casper Van Dien, American actor and producer
1969 – Santiago Cañizares, Spanish footballer
1969 – Justin Edinburgh, English footballer and manager
1969 – Akira Iida, Japanese race car driver
1970 – DMX, American rapper and actor
1970 – Lucious Harris, American basketball player
1970 – Giannis Ploutarhos, Greek singer-songwriter
1970 – Rob Van Dam, American wrestler
1970 – Jonathan Yeo, English painter
1970 – Norman Brown, American singer and guitarist
1971 – Barkha Dutt, Indian journalist
1971 – Noriko Matsueda, Japanese pianist and composer
1971 – Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Spanish tennis player and sportscaster
1972 – Anzhela Balakhonova, Ukrainian pole vaulter
1972 – Raymond Herrera, American drummer and songwriter
1973 – Fatuma Roba, Ethiopian runner
1974 – Peter Boulware, American football player and politician
1974 – Knut Schreiner, Norwegian singer, guitarist, and producer
1975 – Sia Furler, Australian singer-songwriter
1975 – Randy Houser, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1975 – Trish Stratus, Canadian wrestler and actress
1977 – José Acevedo, Dominican baseball player
1977 – Maria Brink, American singer-songwriter
1977 – Claudia Gesell, German runner
1978 – Daniel Cleary, Canadian ice hockey player
1978 – Ali Curtis, American soccer player
1978 – Josh Dallas, American actor
1978 – Katie Holmes, American actress
1980 – Neil Fingleton, English actor and basketball player, one of the tallest 25 men in the world (d. 2017)
1980 – Heinz Inniger, Swiss snowboarder
1980 – Benjamin Watson, American football player
1983 – Andy Fantuz, Canadian football player
1984 – Brian Boyle, American ice hockey player
1984 – Paul Harrison, English footballer
1984 – Giuliano Razzoli, Italian skier
1984 – Derrick Tribbett, American bass player and singer
1986 – François Hamelin, Canadian speed skater
1986 – Usman Khawaja, Pakistani-Australian cricketer
1986 – Bill Stull, American football player
1987 – Ayaka, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer
1987 – Miki Ando, Japanese figure skater
1987 – Yuki Furukawa, Japanese actor
1988 – Lizzie Deignan, English cyclist
1988 – Seth Doege, American football player
1988 – Brianne Theisen-Eaton, Canadian heptathlete
1988 – Imad Wasim, Pakistani cricketer
1990 – Sierra Kay, American singer-songwriter
1991 – Marcus Butler, English internet celebrity
1992 – Bridgit Mendler, American singer, songwriter and actress
1992 – Ryan Crouser, American shot putter
1993 – Byron Buxton, American baseball player
1993 – Ana Porgras, Romanian former artistic gymnast
1993 – Thomas Lam, Finnish professional football defender
1994 – Natália Kelly, American-Austrian singer
1994 – Gerard Gumbau, Spanish professional footballer
2001 – Billie Eilish, American pop singer

Year 1406 (MCDVI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Richard Olivier de Longueil (1406–1470) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.

A bishop is an ordained, consecrated, or appointed member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight.

Deaths

919 – Lady Wu, wife of Qian Liu (b. 858)
933 – Yaonian Yanmujin, Chinese empress dowager
1075 – Edith of Wessex (b. 1025)
1111 – Al-Ghazali, Persian jurist, philosopher, theologian, and mystic (b. 1058)
1133 – Hildebert, French poet and scholar (b. 1055)
1290 – Magnus III, king of Sweden (b. 1240)
1442 – Pierre Cauchon, French Catholic bishop (b. 1371)
1495 – Alfonso II of Naples (b. 1448)
1577 – Anna of Saxony, Princess consort of Orange (b. 1544)
1645 – Nur Jahan, empress consort of the Mughal Empire (b. 1577)^[4]
1651 – William Brabazon, 1st Earl of Meath, English lawyer and politician (b. 1580)
1692 – Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff, German scholar and politician (b. 1626)
1737 – Antonio Stradivari, Italian instrument maker (b. 1644)
1787 – Soame Jenyns, English poet and politician (b. 1704)
1799 – Jean-Étienne Montucla, French mathematician and historian (b. 1725)
1803 – Johann Gottfried Herder, German philosopher, theologian, and poet (b. 1744)
1829 – Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French soldier, biologist, and academic (b. 1744)
1843 – Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch, Scottish-English general and politician (b. 1748)
1848 – Bernard Bolzano, Bohemian priest and mathematician (b. 1781)
1864 – José Justo Corro, Mexican politician and president, (1836-1837) (b. 1794)^[5]
1869 – Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American pianist and composer (b. 1829)
1880 – Michel Chasles, French mathematician and academic (b. 1793)
1892 – Richard Owen, English biologist, anatomist, and paleontologist (b. 1804)
1919 – John Alcock, English captain and pilot (b. 1892)
1922 – Sir Carl Meyer, 1st Baronet, German-English banker and businessman (b. 1851)
1925 – Hamo Thornycroft, English sculptor and academic (b. 1850)
1932 – Eduard Bernstein, German theorist and politician (b. 1850)
1936 – Andrija Mohorovičić, Croatian meteorologist and seismologist (b. 1857)
1939 – Ernest Lawson, Canadian-American painter (b. 1873)
1961 – Leo Reisman, American violinist and bandleader (b. 1897)
1969 – Charles Dvorak, American pole vaulter and coach (b. 1878)
1971 – Bobby Jones, American golfer and lawyer (b. 1902)
1971 – Diana Lynn, American actress (b. 1926)
1973 – Allamah Rasheed Turabi, Indian-Pakistani religious leader and philosopher (b. 1908)
1974 – Harry Hooper, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1887)
1975 – Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ukrainian geneticist and biologist (b. 1900)
1977 – Michio Nishizawa, Japanese baseball player and manager (b. 1921)
1977 – Louis Untermeyer American poet, anthologist, critic (b. 1885)
1980 – Dobriša Cesarić, Croatian poet and translator (b. 1902)
1980 – Alexei Kosygin, Russian soldier and politician, 8th Premier of the Soviet Union (b. 1904)
1982 – Hans-Ulrich Rudel, German colonel and pilot (b. 1916)
1985 – Xuân Diệu, Vietnamese poet and author (b. 1916)
1987 – Conny Plank, German keyboard player and producer (b. 1940)
1988 – Niyazi Berkes, Turkish Cypriot-English sociologist and academic (b. 1908)
1990 – Anne Revere, American actress (b. 1903)
1990 – Paul Tortelier, French cellist and composer (b. 1914)
1990 – Joseph Zubin, Lithuanian-American psychologist and academic (b. 1900)
1991 – George Abecassis, English race car driver (b. 1913)
1992 – Mark Goodson, American game show producer, created Family Feud and The Price Is Right (b. 1915)
1993 – Helm Glöckler, German race car driver (b. 1909)
1993 – Sam Wanamaker, American-English actor, director, and producer (b. 1919)
1994 – Roger Apéry, Greek-French mathematician and academic (b. 1916)
1994 – Lilia Skala, Austrian-American actress (b. 1896)
1995 – Brian Brockless, English organist, composer, and conductor (b. 1926)
1995 – Ross Thomas, American author (b. 1926)
1995 – Konrad Zuse, German engineer, designed the Z3 computer (b. 1910)
1996 – Yulii Borisovich Khariton, Russian physicist and academic (b. 1904)
1996 – Irving Caesar, American composer (b. 1895)
1997 – Chris Farley, American comedian and actor (b. 1964)
1998 – Lev Dyomin, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1926)
1999 – Robert Bresson, French director and screenwriter (b. 1901)
2000 – Stan Fox, American race car driver (b. 1952)
2000 – Randolph Apperson Hearst, American businessman (b. 1915)
2000 – Kirsty MacColl, British singer-songwriter (b. 1959)
2001 – Gilbert Bécaud, French singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (b. 1927)
2001 – Dimitris Dragatakis, Greek violinist and composer (b. 1914)
2001 – Marcel Mule, French saxophonist and educator (b. 1901)
2002 – Necip Hablemitoğlu, Turkish historian and academic (b. 1954)
2002 – Ray Hnatyshyn, Canadian lawyer and politician, 24th Governor General of Canada (b. 1934)
2002 – Wayne Owens, American lawyer and politician (b. 1937)
2002 – Lucy Grealy, Irish-American author (b. 1963)
2004 – Anthony Sampson, English journalist and author (b. 1926)
2005 – Alan Voorhees, American engineer and urban planner (b. 1922)
2006 – Joseph Barbera, American animator, director, and producer, co-founded Hanna-Barbera (b. 1911)
2006 – Ruth Bernhard, German-American photographer (b. 1905)
2006 – Shaukat Siddiqui, Pakistani author and activist (b. 1923)
2007 – Hans Billian, Polish-German actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1918)
2007 – Gerald Le Dain, Canadian lawyer and judge (b. 1924)
2007 – William Strauss, American author and playwright (b. 1947)
2007 – Alan Wagner, American businessman and critic (b. 1931)
2008 – Majel Barrett, American actress and producer (b. 1932)
2008 – Mark Felt, American FBI agent and informant (b. 1913)
2010 – Phil Cavarretta, American baseball player and manager (b. 1916)
2010 – Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist, author, and scholar (b. 1913)
2010 – Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Italian economist and politician, Italian Minister of Economy and Finances (b. 1940)
2010 – James Pickles, English judge and journalist (b. 1925)
2011 – Václav Havel, Czech poet, playwright, and politician, 1st President of the Czech Republic (b. 1936)
2012 – Frank Macchiarola, American lawyer and academic (b. 1941)
2012 – Mustafa Ould Salek, Mauritanian colonel and politician, President of Mauritania (b. 1936)
2012 – Jim Whalen, American football player (b. 1943)
2012 – Anatoliy Zayaev, Ukrainian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1931)
2013 – Ken Hutcherson, American football player (b. 1952)
2013 – Graham Mackay, South African-English businessman (b. 1949)
2014 – Donald J. Albosta, American soldier and politician (b. 1925)
2014 – Gideon Ben-Yisrael, Israeli soldier and politician (b. 1923)
2014 – Larry Henley, American singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
2014 – Virna Lisi, Italian actress (b. 1936)
2014 – Mandy Rice-Davies, English model and actress (b. 1944)
2014 – Robert Simpson, American meteorologist and author (b. 1912)
2015 – Luc Brewaeys, Belgian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1959)
2015 – Helge Solum Larsen, Norwegian businessman and politician (b. 1969)
2016 – Zsa Zsa Gabor, Hungarian-American actress and socialite (b. 1917)
2017 – Kim Jong-hyun, South Korean singer (b. 1990)

Year 919 (CMXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Lady Wu, formally Lady Zhuangmu of Wuyue (吳越莊穆夫人), was the wife of Qian Liu, the first king of the Chinese state Wuyue of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

Qian Liu, known as Qian Poliu during his childhood, was a warlord of the late Tang dynasty who founded the Wuyue kingdom.

Holidays and observances

Christian feast day:
Gatianus was the founding bishop of the see of Tours. He was one of the "seven apostles of Gaul" commissioned by Pope Fabian to evangelize in the region.
Saint Sebastian was an early Christian saint and martyr. According to traditional belief, he was killed during the Roman emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians, initially being tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows, though this did not kill him. He was, according to tradition, rescued and healed by Saint Irene of Rome, which became a popular subject in 17th-century painting. In all versions of the story, shortly after his recovery he went to Diocletian to warn him about his sins, and as a result was clubbed to death. He is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church.
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 200–260 million baptised members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops in local synods, although roughly half of Eastern Orthodox Christians live in Russia. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the Bishop of Rome, but the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops. As one of the oldest surviving religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East.
International Migrants Day
National Day (Qatar)
Republic Day (Niger)
UN Arabic Language Day (United Nations)

The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint. The word "feast" in this context does not mean "a large meal, typically a celebratory one", but instead "an annual religious celebration, a day dedicated to a particular saint".

The Feast of the Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary was a Catholic Feast that was originally celebrated in Spain, but started to be celebrated in other Catholic countries. It is not on the universal calendar, but is still commemorated on December 18 in some places such as Spain, Portugal, Italy and Poland as well as in a few religious orders.

Flannán mac Toirrdelbaig was an Irish saint who lived in the 7th century and was the son of an Irish chieftain, Turlough of Thomond. He entered Mo Lua's monastery at Killaloe, where it is believed he became an Abbot. He is remembered as a great preacher.

References

↑ An Act for the abolition of feudal rights and duties in Lower Canada , S.Prov.C. 1854, c. 3
↑ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-8-54F N8047U Kaysville, UT". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
↑ "NASA MISR Images". jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
↑ Findly, Ellison Banks (1993-03-25). Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India. Oxford University Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-19-536060-8.
↑ José Justo Corro, Busca Biografias, retrieved May 27, 2019

External links

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[1] An Act for the abolition of feudal rights and duties in Lower Canada , S.Prov.C. 1854, c. 3

[2] Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-8-54F N8047U Kaysville, UT". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-08-08.

[NASA_MISR_Images-3] "NASA MISR Images". jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 21 March 2019.

[4] Findly, Ellison Banks (1993-03-25). Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India. Oxford University Press. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-19-536060-8.

[5] José Justo Corro, Busca Biografias, retrieved May 27, 2019

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Related: List of non-standard dates