November 18

"November 18th" redirects here. For the song, see November 18th (song).

<<	November					>>
Su	Mo	Tu	We	Th	Fr	Sa
						01
02	03	04	05	06	07	08
09	10	11	12	13	14	15
16	17	18	19	20	21	22
23	24	25	26	27	28	29
30
2025

November 18 in recent years

2024 (Monday)

2023 (Saturday)

2022 (Friday)

2021 (Thursday)

2020 (Wednesday)

2019 (Monday)

2018 (Sunday)

2017 (Saturday)

2016 (Friday)

2015 (Wednesday)

November 18 is the 322nd day of the year(323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar ; 43 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

Pre-1600

• 326 – The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated by Pope Sylvester I. ^[1]
• 401 – The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy. ^[2]
• 1095 – The Council of Clermont begins: called by Pope Urban II, it led to the First Crusade to the Holy Land. ^[3]
• 1105 – Maginulfo is elected Antipope Sylvester IV in opposition to Pope Paschal II. ^[4]
• 1210 – Pope Innocent III excommunicates Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV for invading the Kingdom of Sicily after promising to recognize papal control over it. ^[5]
• 1302 – Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Unam sanctam , claiming spiritual supremacy for the papacy. ^[6]
• 1421 – St Elizabeth's flood: A dike in the Grote Hollandse Waard in the Netherlands breaks, killing about 10,000 people. ^[7]
• 1493 – Christopher Columbus first sights the island now known as Puerto Rico. ^[8]

1601–1900

• 1601 – Tiryaki Hasan Pasha, an Ottoman provincial governor, routs the Habsburg forces commanded by Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria who were besieging Nagykanizsa. ^[9]
• 1626 – The new St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is consecrated. ^[10]
• 1730 – The future Frederick the Great of Prussia is granted a pardon by his father and is released from confinement. ^[11]
• 1760 – The rebuilt debtors' prison, at the Castellania in Valletta, receives the first prisoners. ^[12]
• 1803 – The Battle of Vertières, the last major battle of the Haitian Revolution, is fought, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Haiti, the first black republic in the Western Hemisphere. ^[13]
• 1809 – In a naval action during the Napoleonic Wars, French frigates defeat British East Indiamen in the Bay of Bengal. ^[14]
• 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Krasnoi ends in French defeat, but Marshal of France Michel Ney's leadership leads to him becoming known as "the bravest of the brave".
• 1863 – King Christian IX of Denmark signs the November constitution that declares Schleswig to be part of Denmark. This is seen by the German Confederation as a violation of the London Protocol and leads to the German–Danish war of 1864.
• 1867 – An earthquake strikes the Virgin Islands, triggering the largest tsunami witnessed in the Caribbean and killing dozens. ^[15]
• 1872 – Susan B. Anthony and 14 other women are arrested for voting illegally in the United States presidential election of 1872.
• 1883 – In the "day of two noons," American and Canadian railroad companies institute four standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times. ^[16]

1901–present

• 1901 – Britain and the United States sign the Hay–Pauncefote Treaty, which nullifies the Clayton–Bulwer Treaty and withdraws British objections to an American-controlled canal in Panama.
• 1903 – The Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty is signed by the United States and Panama, giving the United States exclusive rights over the Panama Canal Zone.
• 1905 – Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
• 1909 – Two United States warships are sent to Nicaragua after 500 revolutionaries (including two Americans) are executed by order of José Santos Zelaya.
• 1910 – In their campaign for women's voting rights, hundreds of suffragettes march to the British Parliament in London. Several are beaten by police, newspaper attention embarrasses the authorities, and the march is dubbed Black Friday. ^[17]
• 1916 – World War I: First Battle of the Somme: In France, British Expeditionary Force commander Douglas Haig calls off the battle which started on July 1, 1916.
• 1918 – Latvia declares its independence from Russia.
• 1928 – Release of the animated short Steamboat Willie , the first fully synchronized sound cartoon.
• 1929 – Grand Banks earthquake: Off the south coast of Newfoundland in the Atlantic Ocean, a Richter magnitude 7.2 submarine earthquake, centered on the Grand Banks, breaks 12 submarine transatlantic telegraph cables and triggers a tsunami that destroys many south coast communities in the Burin Peninsula.
• 1940 – World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler and Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano meet to discuss Benito Mussolini's disastrous Italian invasion of Greece.
• 1943 – World War II: Battle of Berlin: Four hundred and forty Royal Air Force planes bomb Berlin causing only light damage and killing 131. The RAF loses nine aircraft and 53 air crew.
• 1944 – The Popular Socialist Youth is founded in Cuba.
• 1947 – The Ballantyne's Department Store fire in Christchurch, New Zealand, kills 41; it is the worst fire disaster in the history of New Zealand.
• 1949 – The Iva Valley Shooting occurs after the coal miners of Enugu in Nigeria go on strike over withheld wages; 21 miners are shot dead and 51 are wounded by police under the supervision of the British colonial administration of Nigeria.
• 1961 – United States President John F. Kennedy sends 18,000 military advisors to South Vietnam. ^{[18] [19]}
• 1963 – The first push-button telephone goes into service.
• 1970 – U.S. President Richard Nixon asks the U.S. Congress for $155 million in supplemental aid for the Cambodian government.
• 1971 – Oman declares its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1978 – The McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet makes its first flight, at the Naval Air Test Center in Maryland, United States. ^[20]
• 1978 – In Jonestown, Guyana, Jim Jones leads his Peoples Temple to a mass murder–suicide that claimed 918 lives in all, 909 of them in Jonestown itself, including over 270 children.
• 1983 – Aeroflot Flight 6833 is hijacked en route from Tbilisi to Leningrad. After returning to Tbilisi, the aircraft is subsequentially raided on the ground, resulting in seven deaths. ^[21]
• 1985 – The first comic of Calvin and Hobbes is published in ten newspapers. ^[22]
• 1987 – King's Cross fire: In London, 31 people die in a fire at the city's busiest underground station, King's Cross St Pancras.
• 1991 – Shiite Muslim kidnappers in Lebanon release Anglican Church envoys Terry Waite and Thomas Sutherland.
• 1991 – After an 87-day siege, the Croatian city of Vukovar capitulates to the besieging Yugoslav People's Army and allied Serb paramilitary forces.
• 1991 – The autonomous Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, which would in 1993 become a republic, was established in Bosnia and Herzegovina. ^[23]
• 1993 – In the United States, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is approved by the House of Representatives.
• 1993 – In South Africa, 21 political parties approve a new constitution, expanding voting rights and ending white minority rule.
• 1996 – A fire occurs on a train traveling through the Channel Tunnel from France to England causing several injuries and damaging approximately 500 metres (1,600 ft) of tunnel.
• 1999 – At Texas A&M University, the Aggie Bonfire collapses killing 12 students and injuring 27 others.
• 2002 – Iraq disarmament crisis: United Nations weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix arrive in Iraq.
• 2003 – The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court rules 4–3 in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health that the state's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional and gives the state legislature 180 days to change the law making Massachusetts the first state in the United States to grant marriage rights to same-sex couples.
• 2012 – Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria becomes the 118th Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria.
• 2013 – NASA launches the MAVEN probe to Mars.
• 2020 – The Utah monolith, built sometime in 2016 is discovered by state biologists of the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. ^[24]

Births

Pre-1600

• 701 – Itzam K'an Ahk II, Mayan ruler (d. 757)
• 709 – Emperor Kōnin of Japan (d. 782)
• 1522 – Lamoral, Count of Egmont (d. 1568)
• 1571 – Hippolytus Guarinonius, Italian physician and polymath (d. 1654)
• 1576 – Philipp Ludwig II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1612)

1601–1900

• 1630 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Italian wife of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1686)
• 1647 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher and author (d. 1706) ^[25]
• 1727 – Philibert Commerson, French physician and explorer (d. 1773)
• 1736 – Carl Friedrich Christian Fasch, German harpsichord player and composer (d. 1800)
• 1756 – Thomas Burgess, English bishop and philosopher (d. 1837)
• 1772 – Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia (d. 1806) ^[26]
• 1774 – Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands (d. 1837)
• 1785 – David Wilkie, Scottish painter and academic (d. 1841)
• 1786 – Carl Maria von Weber, German composer and conductor (d. 1826)
• 1787 – Louis Daguerre, French artist, photographer and inventor (d. 1851) ^[27]
• 1804 – Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora, Italian general and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1878)
• 1810 – Asa Gray, American botanist and academic (d. 1888)
• 1832 – Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, Finnish-Swedish geologist and explorer (d. 1901)
• 1833 – James Patterson, English-Australian politician, 17th Premier of Victoria (d. 1895)
• 1836 – W. S. Gilbert, English playwright, poet, and illustrator (d. 1911) ^[28]
• 1839 – August Kundt, German physicist and educator (d. 1894)
• 1856 – Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (d. 1929)
• 1860 – Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Polish pianist, composer, and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland (d. 1941) ^[29]
• 1862 – John Matthew Moore, American politician (d. 1940) ^[30]
• 1866 – Henry Daglish, Australian politician, Premier of Western Australia (d. 1920) ^[31]
• 1871 – Robert Hugh Benson, English Catholic priest and novelist (d. 1914) ^[32]
• 1874 – Clarence Day, American author and poet (d. 1935) ^[33] <
• 1876 – Victor Hémery, French racing driver (d. 1950)
• 1880 – Naum Torbov, Bulgarian architect, designed the Central Sofia Market Hall (d. 1952)
• 1882 – Amelita Galli-Curci, Italian-American soprano (d. 1963) ^[34]
• 1882 – Wyndham Lewis, English painter and critic (d. 1957) ^[35]
• 1882 – Jacques Maritain, French philosopher and author (d. 1973)
• 1882 – Frances Gertrude McGill, pioneering Canadian forensic pathologist (d. 1959) ^[36]
• 1883 – Carl Vinson, American judge and politician (d. 1981)
• 1886 – Ferenc Münnich, Hungarian soldier and politician, 47th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1967)
• 1888 – Frances Marion, American screenwriter, novelist and journalist (d. 1973) ^[37]
• 1889 – Stanislav Kosior, Polish-Russian politician (d. 1939)
• 1891 – Gio Ponti, Italian architect, industrial designer, furniture designer, artist, and publisher.(d. 1979)
• 1897 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
• 1899 – Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian-American violinist and conductor (d. 1985)
• 1899 – Howard Thurman, American author, philosopher and civil rights activist (d. 1981)

1901–present

• 1901 – George Gallup, American statistician (d. 1984) ^[38]
• 1901 – V. Shantaram, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1984)
• 1901 – Craig Wood, American golfer (d. 1968) ^[39]
• 1904 – Masao Koga, Japanese composer and guitarist (d. 1978)
• 1904 – Alan Lennox-Boyd, 1st Viscount Boyd of Merton, English lieutenant and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1983)
• 1906 – Sait Faik Abasıyanık, Turkish author and poet (d. 1954)
• 1906 – Alec Issigonis, Greek-English car designer, designed the mini car (d. 1988)
• 1906 – Klaus Mann, German-American novelist, short story writer, and critic (d. 1949)
• 1906 – George Wald, American neurobiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
• 1907 – Gustav Nezval, Czech actor (d. 1998)
• 1907 – Compay Segundo, Cuban singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2003)
• 1908 – Imogene Coca, American actress, comedian, and singer (d. 2001)
• 1909 – Johnny Mercer, American singer-songwriter and producer, co-founded Capitol Records (d. 1976)
• 1911 – Attilio Bertolucci, Italian poet and author (d. 2000)
• 1912 – Vic Hey, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 1995)
• 1912 – Hilda Nickson, English author (d. 1977)
• 1913 – Endre Rozsda, Hungarian-French painter and illustrator (d. 1999)
• 1914 – Haguroyama Masaji, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 36th Yokozuna (d. 1969)
• 1915 – Ken Burkhart, American baseball player and umpire (d. 2004)
• 1917 – Pedro Infante, Mexican actor and singer (d. 1957)
• 1918 – İlhan Berk, Turkish poet and author (d. 2008)
• 1918 – Tasker Watkins, Welsh soldier, judge, and politician, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 2007) ^[40]
• 1919 – Jocelyn Brando, American actress (d. 2005) ^[41]
• 1920 – Robert Fryer, American playwright and producer (d. 2000)
• 1920 – Mustafa Khalil, Egyptian lawyer and politician, 77th Prime Minister of Egypt (d. 2008)
• 1920 – Ron Suart, English football player and manager (d. 2015)
• 1922 – Marjorie Gestring, American springboard diver (d. 1992) ^[42]
• 1922 – Luis Somoza Debayle, Nicaraguan politician, 70th President of Nicaragua (d. 1967)
• 1923 – Cornelis Ruhtenberg, American painter (d. 2008) ^[43]
• 1923 – Alan Shepard, American astronaut (d. 1998) ^[38]
• 1923 – Ted Stevens, American politician (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Anna Elisabeth (Lise) Østergaard, Danish psychologist and politician (d. 1996)
• 1926 – Roy Sievers, American baseball player (d. 2017) ^[44]
• 1927 – Hank Ballard, American R&B singer-songwriter (d. 2003)
• 1927 – Knowlton Nash, Canadian journalist and author (d. 2014)
• 1928 – Salvador Laurel, Filipino lawyer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of the Philippines (d. 2004)
• 1928 – Sheila Jordan, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1929 – Gianna D'Angelo, American soprano and educator (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Danny McDevitt, American baseball player (d. 2010)
• 1933 – Bruce Conner, American painter, photographer, and director (d. 2008)
• 1933 – Vassilis Vassilikos, Greek journalist and diplomat (d. 2023)
• 1935 – Rudolf Bahro, German philosopher and politician (d. 1997)
• 1936 – Ennio Antonelli, Italian cardinal
• 1936 – Don Cherry, American trumpet player (d. 1995)
• 1938 – Jules Mikhael Al-Jamil, Iraqi-Lebanese archbishop (d. 2012)
• 1938 – Norbert Ratsirahonana, Malagasy politician, Prime Minister of Madagascar
• 1938 – Karl Schranz, Austrian skier
• 1939 – Margaret Atwood, Canadian author ^[45]
• 1939 – Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington, English journalist and politician, Leader of the House of Lords
• 1939 – Amanda Lear, Hong Kong-French singer-songwriter and actress
• 1939 – Brenda Vaccaro, American actress ^[46]
• 1940 – James Welch, American novelist and poet (d. 2003)
• 1941 – Gary Bettenhausen, American race car driver (d. 2014)
• 1941 – David Hemmings, English actor and director (d. 2003) ^[38]
• 1942 – Linda Evans, American actress ^[46]
• 1942 – Susan Sullivan, American actress ^[46]
• 1943 – Leonardo Sandri, Argentinian cardinal
• 1944 – Wolfgang Joop, German fashion designer, founded JOOP!
• 1944 – Ed Krupp, American astronomer, archaeoastronomer, author, Director Griffith Observatory
• 1945 – Wilma Mankiller, American tribal chief (d. 2010)
• 1945 – Mahinda Rajapaksa, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 6th President of Sri Lanka
• 1946 – Alan Dean Foster, American author ^[38]
• 1947 – Jameson Parker, American actor ^[46]
• 1947 – Ross Wilson, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1948 – Tõnis Mägi, Estonian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1948 – Kongō Masahiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 2014)
• 1948 – Ana Mendieta, Cuban-American sculptor and painter (d. 1985)
• 1948 – Jack Tatum, American football player (d. 2010) ^[47]
• 1949 – Herman Rarebell, German rock drummer and songwriter
• 1950 – Graham Parker, English singer-songwriter and guitarist ^[46]
• 1950 – Rudy Sarzo, Cuban-American rock bass player
• 1951 – Pete Morelli, American businessman
• 1951 – Justin Raimondo, American journalist and author (d. 2019)
• 1952 – Peter Beattie, Australian lawyer and politician, 36th Premier of Queensland
• 1952 – Delroy Lindo, English-American actor and director ^[46]
• 1952 – John Parr, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1953 – Jan Kuehnemund, American rock guitarist (d. 2013)
• 1953 – Alan Moore, English author ^[38]
• 1953 – Kevin Nealon, American comedian and actor ^[46]
• 1954 – Carter Burwell, American composer and conductor
• 1956 – Noel Brotherston, Irish-English footballer and painter (d. 1995)
• 1956 – Warren Moon, American football player and sportscaster
• 1956 – Jim Weirich, American computer scientist, developed Rake Software (d. 2014)
• 1957 – Tony Bunn, American bassist, composer, producer, and writer
• 1958 – Daniel Brailovsky, Argentine-Israeli footballer and manager ^[48]
• 1958 – Oscar Nunez, Cuban-American actor and comedian ^[46]
• 1959 – Jimmy Quinn, Northern Irish footballer and manager
• 1960 – Ivans Klementjevs, Latvian canoeist ^[49]
• 1960 – Elizabeth Perkins, American actress ^[46]
• 1960 – Yeşim Ustaoğlu, Turkish director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Kim Wilde, English singer-songwriter ^[46]
• 1961 – Steven Moffat, Scottish screenwriter and producer ^[38]
• 1962 – Bart Bryant, American golfer
• 1962 – Tim Guinee, American actor ^[46]
• 1962 – Kirk Hammett, American guitarist, songwriter, member of the thrash metal band Metallica ^[46]
• 1962 – Jamie Moyer, American baseball player ^[50]
• 1963 – Len Bias, American basketball player (d. 1986)
• 1963 – Dante Bichette, American baseball player and coach
• 1963 – Todd Bowles, American football player and coach ^[51]
• 1963 – Peter Schmeichel, Danish footballer and sportscaster
• 1963 – Joost Zwagerman, Dutch author and poet (d. 2015)
• 1964 – Rita Cosby, American journalist and author
• 1964 – Nadia Sawalha, English actress
• 1965 – Tim DeLaughter, American singer-songwriter and musician ^[46]
• 1967 – Tom Gordon, American baseball player
• 1967 – Jocelyn Lemieux, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1968 – George Kotsiopoulos, American stylist and journalist
• 1968 – Romany Malco, American rapper, producer, actor, and screenwriter ^[46]
• 1968 – Gary Sheffield, American baseball player ^[52]
• 1968 – Owen Wilson, American actor ^[46]
• 1969 – Sam Cassell, American basketball player and coach ^[53]
• 1969 – Ahmed Helmy, Egyptian actor
• 1969 – Koichiro Kimura, Japanese mixed martial artist and wrestler (d. 2014)
• 1969 – Duncan Sheik, American singer-songwriter and composer ^[46]
• 1970 – Mike Epps, American actor and comedian ^[46]
• 1970 – Megyn Kelly, American lawyer and journalist ^[54]
• 1970 – Peta Wilson, Australian model and actress ^[55]
• 1971 – Thérèse Coffey, English chemist and politician
• 1971 – Terrance Hayes, American poet and academic
• 1971 – Matthew Rodwell, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
• 1972 – Jeroen Straathof, Dutch cyclist and speed skater
• 1973 – Jonnie Irwin, English television presenter and business expert (d. 2024)
• 1973 – Nic Pothas, South African cricketer and coach
• 1974 – Graham Coughlan, Irish footballer and coach
• 1974 – Chloë Sevigny, American actress, model, and fashion designer ^[46]
• 1974 – Petter Solberg, Norwegian racing driver ^[56]
• 1975 – Lucy Akhurst, English actress and producer
• 1975 – Shawn Camp, American baseball player and coach
• 1975 – Anthony McPartlin, English comedian, actor, and producer
• 1975 – David Ortiz, Dominican-American baseball player ^[57]
• 1975 – Pastor Troy, American rapper, producer, and actor
• 1975 – Jason Williams, American basketball player
• 1976 – Dominic Armato, American voice actor
• 1976 – Sage Francis, American rapper
• 1976 – Steven Pasquale, American actor ^[46]
• 1976 – Shagrath, Norwegian singer-songwriter
• 1976 – Matt Welsh, Australian swimmer
• 1976 – Mona Zaki, Egyptian actress
• 1977 – Trent Barrett, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1977 – Fabolous, American rapper ^[46]
• 1978 – Damien Johnson, Irish footballer
• 1978 – Aldo Montano, Italian fencer ^[58]
• 1979 – Neeti Mohan, Indian playback singer
• 1979 – Nate Parker, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter ^[46]
• 1980 – Hamza al-Ghamdi, Saudi Arabian terrorist, hijacker of United Airlines Flight 175 (d. 2001)
• 1980 – Luke Chadwick, English footballer
• 1980 – Minori Chihara, Japanese voice actress and singer
• 1980 – François Duval, Belgian racing driver
• 1980 – Denny Hamlin, American race car driver ^[59]
• 1980 – C. J. Wilson, American baseball player ^[60]
• 1981 – Mekia Cox, American actress and dancer ^[46]
• 1981 – Dianne dela Fuente, Filipino singer and actress
• 1981 – Nasim Pedrad, Iranian-American actress ^[46]
• 1981 – Vittoria Puccini, Italian actress
• 1981 – Christina Vidal, American actress and singer ^[46]
• 1982 – Justin Knapp, American Wikipedia editor ^[61]
• 1982 – Damon Wayans Jr., American actor and comedian ^[38]
• 1983 – Travis Buck, American baseball player
• 1983 – Michael Dawson, English footballer
• 1983 – Jon Lech Johansen, Norwegian computer programmer and engineer, created DeCSS
• 1984 – Ryohei Chiba, Japanese singer and dancer
• 1984 – Enar Jääger, Estonian footballer
• 1985 – Allyson Felix, American sprinter ^[62]
• 1987 – Jake Abel, American actor ^[38]
• 1987 – Cal Clutterbuck, Canadian ice hockey player ^[63]
• 1987 – Yoon Park, South Korean actor
• 1988 – Jeffrey Jordan, American basketball player
• 1988 – Michael Roach, American soccer player ^[64]
• 1988 – Marie-Josée Ta Lou, Ivorian sprinter ^[65]
• 1989 – Marc Albrighton, English footballer ^[66]
• 1989 – Lu Jiajing, Chinese tennis player ^[67]
• 1990 – Arnett Moultrie, American basketball player ^[68]
• 1991 – Ahmed Kelly, Iraqi-Australian swimmer ^[69]
• 1991 – Noppawan Lertcheewakarn, Thai tennis player ^[70]
• 1991 – Jameson Taillon, Canadian-American baseball player ^[71]
• 1992 – Nathan Kress, American actor and director ^[46]
• 1992 – Henry Martín, Mexican footballer ^[72]
• 1992 – Quincy Miller, American basketball player ^[73]
• 1992 – Steven Skrzybski, German footballer ^[74]
• 1992 – Joe Thuney, American football player ^[75]
• 1994 – Akiyuki Hashimoto, Japanese sprinter ^[76]
• 1994 – Danka Kovinić, Montenegrin tennis player ^[77]
• 1994 – Bernhard Luxbacher, Austrian footballer ^[78]
• 1996 – Akram Afif, Qatari footballer ^[79]
• 1996 – Christian Kirk, American football player ^[80]
• 1997 – Jacob Bryson, Canadian ice hockey player ^[81]
• 1997 – Shea Langeliers, American baseball player ^[82]
• 1997 – Robert Sánchez, Spanish footballer ^[83]
• 2001 – Caleb Williams, American football player ^[84]
• 2002 – Patrick Baldwin Jr., American basketball player ^[85]
• 2004 – Luka Romero, Mexican-Argentine footballer ^[86]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 942 – Odo of Cluny, Frankish abbot and saint (b. c. 878)
• 953 – Liutgard of Saxony, duchess of Lorraine (b. 931)
• 1100 – Thomas of Bayeux, archbishop of York
• 1154 – Adelaide of Maurienne, French queen consort (b. 1092)
• 1170 – Albert the Bear, margrave of Brandenburg (b. c. 1100)
• 1259 – Adam Marsh, English scholar and theologian
• 1305 – John II, duke of Brittany (b. 1239)
• 1313 – Constance of Portugal, Portuguese infanta (b. 1290)
• 1349 – Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen (b. 1310)
• 1441 – Roger Bolingbroke, English cleric, astronomer, astrologer, magister and alleged necromancer
• 1472 – Basilius Bessarion, titular patriarch of Constantinople (b. c. 1403)
• 1482 – Gedik Ahmed Pasha, Ottoman politician, 17th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
• 1559 – Cuthbert Tunstall, English bishop (b. 1474)
• 1565 – Yun Won-hyung, Korean writer and politician (b. 1509)
• 1590 – George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, English commander and politician, Lord High Steward of Ireland (b. 1528)

1601–1900

• 1664 – Miklós Zrínyi, Croatian and Hungarian military leader and statesman (b. 1620)
• 1724 – Bartolomeu de Gusmão, Portuguese priest (b. 1685)
• 1785 – Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (b. 1725) ^[87]
• 1797 – Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat, French shipbuilder and merchant (b. 1719)
• 1804 – Philip Schuyler, American general and senator (b. 1733)
• 1814 – William Jessop, English engineer (b. 1745)
• 1830 – Adam Weishaupt, German philosopher and academic, founded the Illuminati (b. 1748)
• 1841 – Agustín Gamarra, Peruvian general and politician, 10th and 14th President of Peru (b. 1785) ^[88]
• 1852 – Rose Philippine Duchesne, French-American nun and saint (b. 1769)
• 1886 – Chester A. Arthur, American general, lawyer, and politician, 21st President of the United States (b. 1829)
• 1889 – William Allingham, Irish-English poet and scholar (b. 1824)

1901–present

• 1909 – Renée Vivien, English-French poet (b. 1877)
• 1922 – Marcel Proust, French author and critic (b. 1871)
• 1927 – Scipione Borghese, 10th Prince of Sulmona Italian race car driver, explorer, and politician (b. 1871)
• 1936 – V. O. Chidambaram Pillai, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1872)
• 1940 – Ivane Javakhishvili, Georgian historian and academic (b. 1876)
• 1941 – Émile Nelligan, Canadian poet and author (b. 1879)
• 1941 – Walther Nernst, German chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1864)
• 1941 – Chris Watson, Chilean-Australian journalist and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1867)
• 1952 – Paul Éluard, French poet and author (b. 1895)
• 1962 – Niels Bohr, Danish footballer, physicist, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1885)
• 1965 – Henry A. Wallace, American agronomist and bureaucrat, 33rd Vice President of the United States, 11th US Secretary of Agriculture (b. 1888)
• 1969 – Ted Heath, English trombonist and bandleader (b. 1902)
• 1969 – Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., American businessman and diplomat, 44th United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (b. 1888)
• 1972 – Danny Whitten, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Crazy Horse) (b. 1943)
• 1976 – Man Ray, American-French photographer and painter (b. 1890)
• 1977 – Kurt Schuschnigg, Italian-Austrian lawyer and politician, 15th Federal Chancellor of Austria (b. 1897)
• 1978 – Jim Jones, American cult leader, founded Peoples Temple (b. 1931)
• 1978 – Leo Ryan, American soldier, educator, and politician (b. 1925)
• 1979 – Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1901)
• 1980 – Conn Smythe, Canadian soldier, ice hockey player, and businessman (b. 1895)
• 1984 – Mary Hamman, American journalist and author (b. 1907)
• 1986 – Gia Carangi, American model (b. 1960)
• 1987 – Jacques Anquetil, French cyclist (b. 1934)
• 1991 – Gustáv Husák, Slovak lawyer and politician, 9th President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1913)
• 1994 – Cab Calloway, American singer-songwriter and bandleader (The Cab Calloway Orchestra) (b. 1907)
• 1994 – Anselm Franz, Austrian jet engine pioneer (b. 1900) ^[89]
• 1994 – Peter Ledger, Australian painter and illustrator (b. 1945)
• 1995 – Miron Grindea, Romanian-English journalist (b. 1909)
• 1998 – Tara Singh Hayer, Indian-Canadian journalist and publisher (b. 1936)
• 1999 – Paul Bowles, American composer and author (b. 1910)
• 1999 – Doug Sahm, American singer and guitarist (b. 1941)
• 2001 – Walter Matuszczak, Polish-American football player 1939 All-America, 1941 New York Giants draft (b. 1918)
• 2002 – James Coburn, American actor (b. 1928)
• 2003 – Michael Kamen, American composer and conductor (b. 1948)
• 2004 – Robert Bacher, American physicist and academic (b. 1905)
• 2004 – Cy Coleman, American pianist and composer (b. 1929)
• 2005 – Harold J. Stone, American actor (b. 1911)
• 2009 – Red Robbins, American basketball player (b. 1944)
• 2010 – Freddy Beras-Goico, Dominican comedian and television host (b. 1940)
• 2010 – Brian G. Marsden, English-American astronomer and academic (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Emilio Aragón Bermúdez, Spanish clown, singer, and accordion player (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Phoebe Hearst Cooke, American businesswoman and philanthropist (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Thomas Howard, American football player (b. 1983)
• 2013 – S. R. D. Vaidyanathan, Indian nadaswaram player and composer (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Ljubomir Vračarević, Serbian martial artist, founded Real Aikido (b. 1947)
• 2013 – Peter Wintonick, Canadian director and producer (b. 1953)
• 2014 – Dave Appell, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Pepe Eliaschev, Argentinian journalist and author (b. 1945)
• 2014 – Ahmad Lozi, Jordanian educator and politician, 48th Prime Minister of Jordan (b. 1925)
• 2014 – C. Rudhraiya, Indian director and producer (b. 1947)
• 2015 – Abdelhamid Abaaoud, Belgian-Moroccan terrorist (b. 1987) ^[90]
• 2015 – Dan Halldorson, Canadian-American golfer (b. 1952)
• 2015 – Jonah Lomu, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1975) ^[91]
• 2016 – Sharon Jones, American soul and funk singer (b. 1956)
• 2016 – Denton Cooley, American surgeon and scientist (b. 1920) ^[92]
• 2017 – Malcolm Young, Scottish-Australian hard rock guitarist (b. 1953)
• 2020 – Kirby Morrow, Canadian actor, comedian and writer (b. 1973) ^[93]
• 2022 – Tabassum, Indian actress and talk show host (b. 1944) ^[94]
• 2024 – Charles Dumont, French singer and composer (b. 1929) ^[95]
• 2024 – Arthur Frommer, American travel writer (b. 1929) ^[96]
• 2024 – Bob Love, American basketball player (b. 1942) ^[97]
• 2024 – Colin Petersen, Australian drummer, record producer and actor (b. 1946) ^[98]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Abhai of Hach (Syriac Orthodox Church)
  • Alphaeus and Zacchaeus
  • Barulas
  • Constant
  • Dedication of Saints Peter and Paul
  • Elizabeth of Hungary (Church of England) ^[99]
  • Juthwara
  • Mabyn (Roman Catholic Church and Anglicanism)
  • The main day of the Feast of the Virgen de Chiquinquirá or Chinita's Fair (Maracaibo, Venezuela)
  • Maudez (Mawes)
  • Nazarius (Nazaire)
  • Odo of Cluny
  • Romanus of Caesarea
  • Rose Philippine Duchesne
  • November 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Day of Army and Victory (Haiti)
• Independence Day (Morocco), celebrates the independence of Morocco from France and Spain in 1956.
• National Day (Oman)
• Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia celebrates the independence of Latvia from Russia in 1918.
• Remembrance Day of the Sacrifice of Vukovar in 1991 (Croatia)

References

1. Joseph N. Tylenda (1993). The Pilgrim's Guide to Rome's Principal Churches. Liturgical Press. p. 1. ISBN   978-0-8146-5016-5.
2. Thomas S. Burns; Thomas Samuel Burns (1994). Barbarians Within the Gates of Rome: A Study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians, Ca. 375-425 A.D. Indiana University Press. p. 180. ISBN   0-253-31288-4.
3. Steven Runciman (1951). A History of the Crusades: Volume 1, The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. CUP Archive. p. 107. ISBN   978-0-521-06161-2.
4. Coulombe, Charles A. (2003). Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes. New York: Citadel Press. p. 230. ISBN   9780806523705.
5. Kelly, J.N.D.; Walsh, Michael J. (2010). A Dictionary of Popes. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. p. 188. ISBN   9780191726811 ; Barber, Malcolm (1992). The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050–1320. New York: Routeldge. p. 108. ISBN   9780415174145 ; Lee, Alexander (2018). Humanism and Empire: The Imperial Ideal in Fourteenth-Century Italy. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. pp. 311–312. ISBN   9780199675159 ; Beck, Hans-Georg; Fink, Karl August; Glazik, Josef; Iserloh, Erwing; Wolter, Hans (1980). Jedin, Hubert; Dolan, John Patrick (eds.). History of the Church. Volume IV. Translated by Biggs, Anselm. New York: Crossroad. p. 145. ISBN   9780824503147.
6. Alzog, Johannes (1907). Manual of Universal Church History. Volume II. Translated by Pabisch, F.J.; Byrne, Thomas S. Dublin: M.H. Gill & Son. p. 448. OCLC   28285304.
7. Maleki, Mousa; Eslamian, Saeid (2022). "History of World Extreme Floods". In Eslamian, Saeid; Eslamian, Faezeh A. (eds.). Flood Handbook: Principles and Applications. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. p. 252. ISBN   9781138584938.
8. Fuson, Robert H. (1997). "The Columbian Voyages". In Allen, John Logan (ed.). North American Exploration. Volume 1: A New World Disclosed. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press. p. 173. ISBN   9780803210158.
9. Gündoğdu, Rasit (2017). The Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul: Rumuz Publishing. pp. 94–95. ISBN   9786055112158 ; Güzel, Hasan Celal; Oğuz, Cem; Karatay, Osman, eds. (2014). The Turks. Vol. 2: Ottomans. Ankara: Yeni Türkiye Publications. pp. 327–328. ISBN   9789756782552.
10. Coulombe, Charles A. (2003). Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes. New York: Citadel Press. p. 362. ISBN   9780806523705.
11. Reiners, Ludwig (1960). Frederick the Great: A Biography. New York: G. P. Putnam & Sons. pp. 51–52. OCLC   221946415.
12. Godwin, G.N. (1880). A Guide to the Maltese Islands. Paolo Bonavia, Malta. p. 123. OCLC   17569596.
13. Welch, Kimberly (2007). "Dessalines, Jean-Jacques (c. 1758–1806)". In Rodriguez, Junius P. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion. Vol. 1: A–N. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 163. ISBN   9780313332722.
14. James, William (1826). The Naval History of Great Britain, From the Declaration of War by France in February 1793 to the Accession of George IV in January 1820. Vol. 5. London: Harding, Lepard & Co. pp. 292–295. OCLC   832501326.
15. National Earthquake Information Center (11 January 2020). "M 7.3 – The 1867 Virgin Islands Earthquake". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
16. Weintraub, Karen (18 November 2024). "Why Americans shifted, scrapped minutes and changed time forever 141 years ago". USA TODAY . Retrieved 21 November 2024.
17. Kelly, Katherine E. (2004). "Seeing Through Spectacles: The Woman Suffrage Movement and London Newspapers, 1906–13" . European Journal of Women's Studies . 11 (3): 327–353. doi:10.1177/1350506804044466. S2CID   143436264. On 18 November 1910, Ada Wright joined hundreds of other suffragettes marching to the House of Commons to protest the shelving of the Conciliation Bill that would have enfranchised 1 million Englishwomen. ... Eventually dubbed 'Black Friday', this demonstration became one of the most notorious of the hundreds of suffrage marches, parades and street actions carefully staged for viewing by the city of London and its burgeoning daily newspapers.
18. Defending the Free World: John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and the Vietnam War, 1961–1965 ISBN   0-27596-279-2 p. 56
19. The Fog of War: Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara ISBN   978-0-742-54221-1 p. 282
20. "F/A-18 Hornet". Military Analysis Network. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
21. (in Georgian) თვითმფრინავის გამტაცებლები (The Hijackers). Archive Administration of Ministry of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 25 April 2008. Archived 11 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
22. "The Complete Calvin and Hobbes". Andrews & McMeel. Archived from the original on 2005-10-26. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
23. Ramet, Sabrina P. (2010). "Politics in Croatia since 1990". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 258–285. ISBN   9781139487504.
24. Asmelash, Leah (24 November 2020). "Utah helicopter crew discovers mysterious metal monolith deep in the desert". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
25. ¬The Encyclopaedia Britannica a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature. Ad. and Charles Black. 1878. p. 194.
26. Louis Ferdinand (Prince of Prussia) (1952). The Rebel Prince: Memoirs. H. Regnery. p. 4.
27. Chase's: The Day-by-Day Directory to Special Days, Weeks and Month: Calendar of Events. Contemporary Publishing Group, Incorporated. 2000. p. 576.
28. Jane W. Stedman; Professor of English Emeritus Jane W Stedman (1996). W.S. Gilbert: A Classic Victorian and His Theatre. Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN   978-0-19-816174-5.
29. Marian Marek Drozdowski (1981). Ignacy Jan Paderewski: A Political Biography. Interpress. p. 15. ISBN   978-83-223-1771-6.
30. Hardy, Dermot H.; Roberts, Ingham S. (1910). Historical Review of South-East Texas and the Founders Leaders and Representative Men of its Commerce, Industry and Civic Affairs. Vol. II. Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 606, 607. ISBN   1-58103-432-6 – via Google Books.
31. Gibbney, H. J. "Henry Daglish (1866–1920)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
32. Martindale, C. C. (1916). The Life of Monsignor Robert Hugh Benson. Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green and Co. p. 8.
33. "Clarence Day, 61, Author, Is Dead". The New York Times . 29 December 1935.
34. Clarence Edward Le Massena (1945). Galli-Curci's Life of Song. Paebar Company. p. 117.
35. "Wyndham Lewis | British Artist, Writer & Critic | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
36. The encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. University of Regina. Canadian Plains Research Center. Regina: University of Regina, Canadian Plains Research Center. 2005. p. 584. ISBN   0889771758. OCLC   57639332.
37. Beauchamp, Cari (1997). Without Lying Down. University of California Press. pp. 22–37. ISBN   978-0-520-21492-7.
38. "Famous birthdays for Nov. 18: Damon Wayans Jr., Kirk Hammett". UPI. 18 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
39. Kenny, Kevin (2014). American Golf in the Great Depression: The Pros Take to the Grapefruit Circuit. McFarland. p. 180. ISBN   978-0-7864-7812-5.
40. James Morton (September 9, 2007). "Sir Tasker Watkins". The Guardian. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
41. Porter, Darwin (2006). Brando Unzipped. Blood Moon Productions, Ltd. ISBN   978-0-9748118-2-6.
42. "Youngest Olympic gold medallist - individual discipline". Guiness book of records. Retrieved 18 Nov 2024.
43. Dresden, SLUB. "Cornelis Ruhtenberg, Mexico". digital.slub-dresden.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-07-18.
44. "Roy Sievers". Major League Baseball . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
45. "Margaret Atwood". Encyclopedia Britannica . 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
46. Rose, Mike (18 November 2022). "Today's famous birthdays list for November 18, 2022 includes celebrities Owen Wilson, Kevin Nealon". The Plain Dealer . Associated Press . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
47. Battista, Judy (July 27, 2010). "Jack Tatum, Whose Tackle Paralyzed Player, Dies at 61". The New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
48. "Daniel Brailovsky," realidadamericanista.com.
49. "Ivans Klementjevs". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
50. "Jamie Moyer". Major League Baseball . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
51. "Todd Bowles". ESPN . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
52. Monagan, Matt (18 November 2013). "On Gary Sheffield's birthday, let's watch his first and 500th home runs". Major League Baseball . Retrieved 8 November 2022.
53. "Sam Cassell". National Basketball Association . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
54. "Megyn Kelly: News Anchor (1970–)". Biography.com . FYI / A&E Networks . Retrieved June 8, 2017.
55. Dawn Connolly (2000). La Femme Peta: The Unofficial Story of the Woman Behind Nikita. ECW Press. p. 1. ISBN   978-1-55022-385-9.
56. Bendik Stang; Morten A. Osterholt; Erik Hoftun (2007). The Book of Games. Book of Games. p. 246. ISBN   978-82-997378-2-1.
57. "David Ortiz". Major League Baseball . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
58. "Olympedia – Aldo Montano". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
59. "Rockwell Automation Racing Driver Denny Hamlin". Rockwell Automation. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
60. "C.J. Wilson". Major League Baseball . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
61. Comisky, Daniel S. (July 26, 2012). "King of Corrections". Indianapolis Monthly .
62. "Allyson Felix". IOC. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
63. "Cal Clutterbuck". National Hockey League . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
64. "Michael Roach". Eurosport UK. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
65. "Marie-Josée Ta Lou". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
66. "Marc Albrighton". Premier League . Retrieved 16 November 2024.
67. "Jiajing Lu". Eurosport UK. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
68. "Arnett Moultrie". National Basketball Association . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
69. "Ahmed Kelly". Paralympics Australia. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
70. "Noppawan Lertcheewakarn". Eurosport UK. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
71. "Jameson Taillon". Major League Baseball . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
72. "Henry Martín". Soccerway. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
73. "Quincy Miller". National Basketball Association . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
74. "Steven Skrzybski". Eurosport UK. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
75. "Joe Thuney". ESPN . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
76. "Akiyuki HASHIMOTO". World Athletics. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
77. "Danka Kovinic". ESPN. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
78. "B. LUXBACHER". Soccer Way. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
79. "Akram Afif". Soccerway. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
80. "Christian Kirk". ESPN . Retrieved 15 November 2023.
81. "Jacob Bryson". National Hockey League . Retrieved 23 September 2024.
82. "Shea Langeliers #23". Major League Baseball . Retrieved 10 April 2024.
83. "Robert Sánchez". Premier League . Retrieved 18 November 2023.
84. "Caleb Williams NFL Draft 2024: Scouting Report for USC QB". Bleacher Report. Retrieved August 27, 2024.
85. "Patrick Baldwin Jr". National Basketball Association . Retrieved 12 April 2024.
86. "Luka Romero". Soccerway. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
87. "Louis-Philippe, duke d'Orléans | Reign of Louis-Philippe, Restoration, Constitutional Monarch | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
88. Castro Peña, Jenny (2000). "Gamarra Messia, Agustín". In Lexus Editores (ed.). Grandes Forjadores del Perú (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Lima: Lexus. pp. 176–177. ISBN   9972-625-50-8.
89. "Anselm Franz, 94; Executive, Inventor of Gas-Turbine Engine". 22 November 1994.
90. "French Prosecutor Says Terrorist Abdel Hamid Abaaoud Is Dead". Bloomberg. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
91. Mike Hytner (18 November 2015). "All Blacks legend Jonah Lomu dies aged 40". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
92. Willerson, JT (6 January 2017). "Denton Arthur Cooley, MD". Circulation Research. 120 (1): 17–19. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.310451 . PMID   28057783.
93. Nakamura, Reid (2020-11-20). "Kirby Morrow, Voice Actor and 'Stargate: Atlantis' Alum, Dies at 47". TheWrap. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
94. Sharma, Devesh (December 2022). "Farewell, Tabassum". Filmfare. Vol. 71. pp. 114–115. ISSN   0971-7277 . Retrieved 13 January 2023– via Magzter.
95. Williams, Alex (November 24, 2024). "Charles Dumont, Who Wrote Enduring Melodies for Édith Piaf, Dies at 95". The New York Times . Retrieved November 27, 2024.
96. Vitello, Paul (November 18, 2024). "Arthur Frommer, 95, Dies; His Guidebooks Opened Travel to the Masses". The New York Times . Retrieved November 20, 2024.
97. Araton, Harvey (November 19, 2024). "Bob Love, Rugged, High-Scoring All-Star for Chicago Bulls, Dies at 81". The New York Times . Retrieved November 20, 2024.
98. Ruberg, Sara (November 18, 2024). "Two Bee Gees Drummers Die Within Four Days". The New York Times . Retrieved November 20, 2024.
99. "The Calendar".

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• Historical Events on November 18