1505

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century 16th century 17th century
Decades:	1480s 1490s 1500s 1510s 1520s
Years:	1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508

1505 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1505 MDV
Ab urbe condita	2258
Armenian calendar	954 ԹՎ ՋԾԴ
Assyrian calendar	6255
Balinese saka calendar	1426–1427
Bengali calendar	912
Berber calendar	2455
English Regnal year	20  Hen. 7  – 21  Hen. 7
Buddhist calendar	2049
Burmese calendar	867
Byzantine calendar	7013–7014
Chinese calendar	甲子年 (Wood  Rat) 4202 or 3995     — to — 乙丑年 (Wood  Ox) 4203 or 3996
Coptic calendar	1221–1222
Discordian calendar	2671
Ethiopian calendar	1497–1498
Hebrew calendar	5265–5266
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1561–1562
- Shaka Samvat	1426–1427
- Kali Yuga	4605–4606
Holocene calendar	11505
Igbo calendar	505–506
Iranian calendar	883–884
Islamic calendar	910–911
Japanese calendar	Eishō 2 (永正２年)
Javanese calendar	1422–1423
Julian calendar	1505 MDV
Korean calendar	3838
Minguo calendar	407 before ROC 民前407年
Nanakshahi calendar	37
Thai solar calendar	2047–2048
Tibetan calendar	阳木鼠年 (male Wood-Rat) 1631 or 1250 or 478     — to — 阴木牛年 (female Wood-Ox) 1632 or 1251 or 479

Arabs reach the Comoros.

Year 1505 ( MDV ) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 14 – Pope Julius II issues the papal bull Cum tam divino, decreeing a reform in the Roman Catholic Church to prohibit simony, the buying and selling of church offices ranging from bishops to the pope himself. ^[1]
• January 23 – Lunkaran begins his reign as the Rao of the Indian kingdom of Bikaner in what is now the Rajasthan state of India. ^[2]
• January 24 – Under the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas, Pope Julius II sets the line of demarcation in the New World between Spain's and Portugal's territory as a line of longitude 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands. ^[3] The ambiguous definition of the measure of a league places the line between 42°30' W to 49°45' W. ^[4]
• February 7 – During a visit to Windsor Castle as guests of King Henry VII of England, Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy, plays a game of tennis against Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset in the first recorded use of tennis rackets. A year later, a chronicler notes that on the 7th of February, "the kynge of Castelle played w the Rackete and gave the marques xv". ^[5]
• March 25 – Appointed as the Viceroy of Portuguese India by King Manuel I of Portugal, Dom Francisco de Almeida departs from Portugal with an armada of 22 ships and 1,500 men, according to one estimate by João de Barros. ^[6]
• March 31 – King Alexander Jagiellon of Poland agrees to support the Act of Nihil novi , prohibiting the king to issue laws without consent of the nobles represented by their parliament, the Sejm. ^[7] The official title is "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu", Latin for "Nothing new without common consent."

April–June

• April 3 – Italian explorer Sebastiano Caboto is granted a lifetime annuity of £10 per year by England's King Henry VII for services "in and aboute the fyndynge of the new founde landes" in North America. ^[8]
• April 27 – In Tbilisi, David X becomes the new ruler of the Kingdom of Kartli in what is now the Republic of Georgia, upon the death of his father Constantine II.
• May 1 – Christ's College, Cambridge, England, is re-founded, receiving its charter from Lady Margaret Beaufort. ^[9]
• May 30 – Poland's Act of Nihil novi is granted by King Alexander I Jagiellon after being passed by the Sejm, ^[10] making Poland a Nobles' Democracy rather than an absolute monarchy. ^[11]
• June 6 – The M8.2–8.8 Lo Mustang earthquake strikes Nepal, causing severe damage in Kathmandu, western Nepal, and some parts of the Indo-Gangetic plain. ^[12]
• June 19 – Zhu Houzhao, the 13-year-old son of the late Hongzhi Emperor of Ming Dynasty China, is enthroned as the Zhengde Emperor upon his father's death. ^[13]
• June 27 – The future King Henry VIII of England repudiates his engagement to Catherine of Aragon, at his father's command. ^[14]

July–September

• July 2
  • The Kalmar Bloodbath, a mass execution of participants in the Swedish Uprising against King Hans of Denmark (who also rules Norway and Sweden) takes place in the Swedish city of Kalmar after a judgment of treason is pronounced against the mayor, city officials and other leaders. ^{[15] [16]}
  • Martin Luther, aged 22, vows to become a monk in a moment of terror, as a result of a close lightning strike during a thunderstorm, near the village of Stotternheim. ^[17]
• July 17 – Luther enters the monastic life, at an Augustinian cloister in Erfurt called St. Augustine's Monastery. ^[18]
• July 24 – Travelling to India, a group of Portuguese explorers led by Francisco de Almeida, with 22 ships and 1,500 men, sack the city-state of Kilwa in East Africa, killing the Emir Abraham for failing to pay tribute. Almeida installs Mohammed Ankoni as the new ruler. ^[19]
• August 15 – The Portuguese State of India is founded in what is now the state of Kerala, after the Kingdom of Portugal takes over territory of the Bijapur sultanate at Calicut.
• August 16 – Almeida's fleet destroys the East African city of Mombassa. ^[19]
• September 13
  • Francisco de Almeida arrives in the Anjediva Islands to begin construction on the first of four fortresses he needed to construct for his appointment as viceroy. ^[20]
  • In what is now Algeria, the Spanish Army under the command of Ramón de Cardona, captures the city of Mers-el-Kébir, a port of the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen, ruled by the Sultan Abu Abdallah V. ^[21]

October–December

• October 11 – Lucien Grimaldi takes over as the new Lord of Monaco after stabbing his brother Jean II to death. ^{[22] [23]}
• October 23 – In Portuguese India, the King of Cannanore gives permission to Francisco de Almeida to build the Fortaleza de Santo Ângelo in Kannur. ^[24]
• November 6 (October 27 O.S.) – Vasili III succeeds Ivan III, as Grand Prince of Muscovy, comprising much of modern-day Russia. ^[25]
• November 15 – Portuguese explorer Lourenço de Almeida and his fleet encounter a storm and are driven to the island of Sri Lanka and travels to Colombo. The King of Kotte, Dharma Parakramabahu IX, allows Almeida to build a trade station and a Roman Catholic chapel. ^[26]
• November 24 – The Treaty of Salamanca is signed by Spain's King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Philip, Duke of Burgundy, agreeing that the two will serve as co-regents for Joanna the Mad, Queen of Castile. ^[27]
• December 30 – Érard de La Marck is elected prince-bishop of Liège. ^[28]

Date unknown

• The Pomander Watch of 1505, the earliest known pocket watch, is made by Peter Henlein in Germany at Nuremberg. After an absence of 480 years, the watch will be rediscovered at a flea market in London; an inscription on the watch, "MDVPHN", will be interpreted in 2014 as meaning a rendition of the year (MDV, 1505 in Roman numerals); the inventor (PH for Peter Henlein) and the place of manufacture (N for Nuremberg). ^{[29] [30]}
• Portuguese merchants establish factories and fortresses on the east coast of Africa in Kilwa, Sofala, and Malindi. ^[31]
• Bermuda is discovered by Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez. ^[32]
• Judah Abravanel becomes personal physician to the viceroy of Naples. ^[33]
• Battle of Achnashellach in Scotland: The Clan Cameron emerges victorious over Clan Munro and Clan MacKay. ^[34]
• Portuguese explorer Gonçalo Álvares is the first to sight what will later be known as Gough Island in the South Atlantic. ^[35]

• The St Catherine's Monastery on the Sinai is captured and sacked by Bedouins. Though the Mamluk sultan attempts to punish the raiders, he is unable to subdue them and preserve order. ^[36]

Births

Mary of Hungary

• January 12 – Louis, Count of Stolberg, German nobleman (d. 1574) ^[37]
• January 13 – Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg, Imperial Elector (d. 1571) ^[38]
• February 4 – Mikołaj Rej, Polish poet and prose writer, politician and musician of the Renaissance (d. 1569) ^[39]
• February 5 – Aegidius Tschudi, Swiss historian (d. 1572) ^[40]
• March 16 – Francisco Balbi di Correggio (d. 1589) ^[41]
• March 25 – Elizabeth Grey, Viscountess Lisle, English heiress (d. 1519) ^[42]
• May 20 – Levinus Lemnius, Dutch writer (d. 1568) ^[43]
• September 15 – Mary of Hungary, Dutch ruler (d. 1558) ^[44]
• September 23 – Anne de Laval, Viscountess of Thouars, French noblewoman and nominal pretender to the Kingdom of Naples (d. 1554) ^[45]
• November 3 – Achilles Gasser, German physician and astrologer (d. 1577) ^[46]
• November 23 – Ercole Gonzaga, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1563) ^[47]
• December 18 – Philipp von Hutten, German explorer (d. 1546) ^[48]
• December 21 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (d. 1550) ^[49]
• December 25 – Christine of Saxony, German noble (d. 1549) ^[50]
• date unknown
  • Philip Hoby, English politician (d. 1558) ^[51]
  • Guillaume Morel, French classical scholar (d. 1564) ^[52]
  • Margaret Roper, English writer (d. 1544) ^[53]
  • Shahghali, Khan of Qasim ^[54]
• probable
  • Christopher Tye, English composer and organist (d. 1572) ^[55]
  • Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford, English noblewoman (executed 1542) ^[56]

Deaths

Saint Jeanne de Valois

Emperor Hongzhi

Blessed Osanna of Mantua

Ivan III of Russia

• January 25 – Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian politician (b. 1431) ^[57]
• February 4 – Jeanne de Valois, French princess, Roman Catholic nun and saint (b. 1464) ^[58]
• February 19 – Matilda of Hesse, German noblewoman (b. 1473) ^[59]
• February 20 – Arvid Trolle, Swedish politician (b. 1440) ^[60]
• March 5 – Philip of Cleves, Bishop of Nevers, Amiens, Autun (b. 1467) ^[61]
• March 29 – Sidonie of Bavaria, eldest daughter of Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich (b. 1488) ^[62]
• April 23 – Muhammad Jaunpuri, Indian-born religious leader (b. 1443) ^[63]
• May 28 – Ascanio Sforza, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1455) ^[64]
• June 8 – Hongzhi Emperor of China (b. 1470)
• June 18 – Osanna of Mantua, Italian Dominican tertiary and blessed (b. 1449) ^[65]
• July – Jacob Obrecht, Flemish composer (plague) (b. 1457) ^[66]
• October 27 – Emperor Ivan III of Russia (b. 1440) ^[67]
• date unknown
  • Adam of Fulda, German music writer (b. c. 1445) ^[68]
  • Heinrich Kramer, German churchman and inquisitor (b. 1430) ^[69]

References

1. "Bull of POPE JULIUS II". www.csun.edu. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
2. Saran, Richard; Ziegler, Norman P. (August 6, 2020). The Mertiyo Rathors of Merto, Rajasthan: Select Translations Bearing on the History of a Rajput Family, 1462–1660, Volumes 1–2. University of Michigan Press. p. 194. ISBN   978-0-472-90173-9 . Retrieved June 27, 2023.
3. Vieira, Alberto (January 1, 2004). "As ilhas atlánticas para uma visâo dinâmica da sua história". Anuario de Estudios Atlánticos (in Spanish). 1 (50): 219–264. ISSN   2386-5571 . Retrieved June 27, 2023.
4. Harrisse, Henry (1897). The Diplomatic History of America: Its First Chapter 1452-1493-1494. London: B.F. Stevens. pp. 102, 153. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
5. Marshall, Julian (1878). The Annals of Tennis. London: "The Field" Office. p. 62. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
6. Ferguson, Donald William (1908). "The Discovery of Ceylon by the Portuguese in 1506". Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 19 (59): 289. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
7. Zamoyski, Adam (1988). The Polish way : a thousand-year history of the Poles and their culture. New York: F. Watts. p. 99. ISBN   978-0-531-15069-6 . Retrieved June 27, 2023.
8. Ruddock, Alwyn A. (May 1, 1974). "The Reputation of Sebastian Cabot". Historical Research. 47 (115): 95–99. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1974.tb02183.x. ISSN   0950-3471 . Retrieved June 27, 2023.
9. A. H. Lloyd, The Early History of Christ's College, Cambridge, Derived from Contemporary Documents (Cambridge University Press, 1934) p. 283
10. Choińska-Mika, Joanna (2013). "Obywatele u władzy: narodziny, rozkwit i zmierzch szlacheckiej republiki". Klio. Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym (in Polish). 26 (3): 23–54. doi: 10.12775/KLIO.2013.032 . ISSN   1643-8191 . Retrieved June 27, 2023.
11. "The Nihil novi Constitution". Polish History. May 30, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
12. Harsh K. Gupta; Fareeduddin (2008). Recent Advances in Earth System Science. Geological Society of India. pp. 244, 381. ISBN   978-81-85867-83-0.
13. 李亚平 (2005). 帝国政界往事: 大明王朝纪事 (in Chinese). 北京出版社. p. 116. ISBN   978-7-200-06175-8 . Retrieved June 28, 2023.
14. Susan Doran (2008). The Tudor Chronicles. Quercus. p. 1496. ISBN   978-1-84724-422-2.
15. C. F. Wegener, Årsberetninger fra Det Kongelige Geheimearchiv indeholdende Bidrag til Dansk Historie af utrykte Kilder [Annual Reports from the Royal Archive Containing Contributions to Danish History from Published Sources] (Rigsarkivet, 1870) p.323 (quoting Arild Hvitfeldt, Codex af Aelnoth, pp. 1053-1056)
16. G. Volm. Sylvander, Kalmar Slotts och Stads Historia [History of Kalmar Castle and City] (Tryckt Hos Otto Westin, 1865) p. 422
17. Edward J. Hahnenberg (April 12, 2005). Table Talk with Martin Luther: A Modern Catholic's Conversations with the Founder of Protestantism. AuthorHouse. p. 11. ISBN   978-1-4634-9168-0.
18. Kartawidjaja, Yakub E. (April 12, 2021). Music in Martin Luther's Theology. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 39. ISBN   978-3-647-56553-8 . Retrieved June 28, 2023.
19. James Bryce, The History of the World; a Survey of a Man's Record, Volume III: West Asia and Africa (Dodd, Mead and Company, 1903) p.484
20. Logan, William (1887). Malabar. Madras: Superintendent Government Press. p. 311. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
21. Bravo, Miguel Cabañas (September 29, 2009). Arte en tiempos de guerra (in Spanish). CSIC Press. p. 87. ISBN   978-84-00-08942-9 . Retrieved June 28, 2023.
22. Annales (in French). Vol. xix. Société des lettres, sciences et arts des Alpes-Maritimes. 1905. p. 41. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
23. Delorme, Philippe (1996). Les Grimaldi: 700 ans d'une dynastie (in French). Balland. p. 67. ISBN   978-2-7158-1126-3 . Retrieved June 28, 2023.
24. Mathew, K. M. (1988). History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497-1600. Mittal Publications. p. 165. ISBN   978-81-7099-046-8 . Retrieved June 28, 2023.
25. Bali︠a︡zin, Vladimir Nikolaevich (2006). Балязин Вольдемар Николаевич. Неофиц. история России. Ордынское иго и становление Руси (in Russian). ОЛМА Медиа Групп. p. 150. ISBN   978-5-373-00673-6 . Retrieved June 28, 2023.
26. "Colombo (Sri Lanka)", in International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania, ed. by Paul E. Schellinger and Robert M. Salkin (Taylor & Francis, 2012) p. 199
27. Prawdin, Michael (1939). The mad queen of spain. Translated by Paul, Eden; Paul, Cedar. Houghton Mifflin Company. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
28. Peter G. Bietenholz; Thomas Brian Deutscher (January 1, 2003). Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation. University of Toronto Press. p. 383. ISBN   978-0-8020-8577-1.
29. Nicholas Foulkes, Time Tamed (Simon & Schuster UK, 2019)
30. Peter Henlein: Watch 1505 - HR Fernsehen (German), hr-fernsehen, German. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
31. Scammell, Geoffrey Vaughn (1981). The world encompassed : the first European maritime empires, c. 800-1650. Methuen. p. 258. ISBN   978-0-416-76280-8 . Retrieved June 28, 2023.
32. Fernández Morente, Guadalupe (2011). "Juan Bermúdez : descubridor de las Islas Bermudas". Actas de las Jornadas de Historia sobre el Descubriminento de America: Tomo II. Universidad Internacional de Andalucía. ISBN   978-84-7993-211-4 . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
33. Abravanel, Isaac (1987). מדרש אברבנאל: מבחר הגיונותיו עה״ת (in Hebrew). י. לדרמן. p. 24. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
34. "The Battle of Achnashellach". www.clan-cameron.org. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
35. Hanel, Christine (2008). "Gough Island: 500 years after its discovery : a bibliography of scientific and popular literature 1505 to 2005 : special article". South African Journal of Science. 104 (9): 329. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
36. Panchenko, Constantine A. (August 24, 2021). Arabic Christianity between the Ottoman Levant and Eastern Europe (in French). BRILL. p. 33. ISBN   978-90-04-46583-1 . Retrieved January 18, 2024.
37. Liliencron, Rochus Freiherr von; Wegele, Franz X. von; Bettelheim, Anton (1893). Allgemeine deutsche Biographie (in German). Duncker & Humblot. p. 339. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
38. Steinmüller, Paul (1903). Einführung der Reformation in die Kurmark Brandenburg durch Joachim II (in German). Verein für Reformationsgeschichte. p. 28. ISBN   978-0-7905-5136-4 . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
39. Gorton Carruth (1993). The Encyclopedia of World Facts and Dates. HarperCollins. p. 229. ISBN   978-0-06-270012-4.
40. Wyss, Georg von (1895). Geschichte der historiographie in der Schweiz (in German). Fäsi & Beer. p. 196. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
41. Albert Ganado; Maurice Agius-Vadalà; George Mifsud Chircop (1994). A Study in Depth of 143 Maps Representing the Great Siege of Malta of 1565. Bank of Valletta. p. 321. ISBN   978-99909-0-050-7.
42. Richardson, Douglas (2005). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011. Genealogical Publishing House. p. 418. ISBN   978-1-4610-4520-5 . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
43. Nagtglas, F. (1869). Levinus Lemnius en Zierikzee in de eerste helft der zestiende eeuw (in Dutch). Altorffer. p. 8. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
44. de Iongh, Jane (1958). Mary of Hungary: Second Regent of the Netherlands. New York: W.W.NORTON & COMPANY. p. 16. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
45. Broussillon, comte Arthur Bertrand de (1902). La maison de Laval, 1020-1605: Les Montfort-Laval et leur cadets, 1501-1605 (in French). A. Picard et fils. p. 18. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
46. Burmeister, Karl Heinz (1970). Achilles Pirmin Gasser, 1505-1577: Biographie (in German). Pressler. p. 11. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
47. Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward Aloysius; Pallen, Condé Bénoist; Shahan, Thomas Joseph; Wynne, John Joseph; MacErlean, Andrew Alphonsus (1909). The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. Robert Appleton Company. p. 635. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
48. Hutten, Philipp von; Schmitt, Eberhard (1996). Das Gold der Neuen Welt: die Papiere des Welser-Konquistadors und Generalkapitäns von Venezuela, Philipp von Hutten 1534-1541 (in German). Verlag Frankenschwelle. p. 9. ISBN   978-3-86180-052-1 . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
49. The Encyclopedia Americana. Americana Corporation. 1976. p. 334. ISBN   978-0-7172-0107-5.
50. Stichart, Franz Otto (1857). Galerie der sächsischen Fürstinnen: biographische Skizzen sämmtlicher Ahnfrauen des königlichen Hauses Sachsen (in German). Fleischer. p. 226. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
51. "Hoby, Sir Philip (1504/5–1558)" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13413 . Retrieved June 29, 2023.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
52. The Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. xviipublisher=Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 1911. p. 828. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
53. McCutcheon, Elizabeth; Gentrup, William (August 5, 2022). A Companion to Margaret More Roper Studies: Life Records, Essential Texts, and Critical Essays. CUA Press. p. 4. ISBN   978-0-8132-3544-8 . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
54. Khuzin, F.; Sitdikov, Ayrat (1996). Древняя Казань глазами современников и историков (in Russian). Kazan: Фест. p. 49. ISBN   978-5-900866-04-8 . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
55. Stanford E. Lehmberg (July 14, 2014). The Reformation of Cathedrals: Cathedrals in English Society. Princeton University Press. p. 211. ISBN   978-1-4008-5980-1.
56. Fox, Julia (2008). Jane Boleyn : the true story of the infamous Lady Rochford. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. p. 4. ISBN   978-0-7710-4776-3 . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
57. Tuohy, Thomas (1996). Herculean Ferrara : Ercole d'Este, 1471-1505, and the invention of a ducal capital. Cambridge University Press. p. 119. ISBN   978-0-521-46471-0 . Retrieved June 29, 2023.
58. Emily Sarah Holt (1861). Memoirs of Royal Ladies. Hurst and Blackett. p. 270.
59. Selby, Walford Dakin (1903). The Genealogist. George Bell & Sons. p. 174. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
60. Snöbohm, Alfred Theodor (1871). Gotlands land och folk: Hufvuddragen till en teckning af Gotland och dess öden från äldre till nuvarande tider (in Swedish). Beijer. p. 213. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
61. Fisquet, Honoré Jean P. (1864). La France pontificale (in French). Paris: E. Repos. p. 71. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
62. WIEDEMANN, Theodor (1858). Johann Turmair, genannt Aventinus, Geschichtschreiber des bayerischen Volkes. Nach seinem Leben und seinen Schriften dargestellt (in German). Frans Datterer. p. 14. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
63. Husain Balkhi, Syed. "The Mahdi Maud AHS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2014. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
64. George Haydn Huntley (1971). Andrea Sansovino, Sculptor and Architect of the Italian Renaissance. Greenwood Press. p. 58. ISBN   978-0-8371-5609-5.
65. Matteucci, Vittorio (1902). Le chiese artistiche del Mantovano ... (in Italian). Tip. eredi Segna. p. 338. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
66. Martin Picker (1988). Johannes Ockeghem and Jacob Obrecht: A Guide to Research. Garland Pub. p. 49. ISBN   978-0-8240-8381-6.
67. Воробьев, Александр (May 15, 2022). Великий князь Иван III Васильевич. ИД «Комсомольская правда». ISBN   978-5-04-049358-6 . Retrieved June 29, 2023. On October 27, 1505, Ivan Vasilievich passed away, having been on the throne for a little over 43 years. At the time of his death, he was 65 years old - an extremely respectable age for an era when the average life expectancy was almost half that.
68. Burkhalter, A. Louis; Romain Goldron (1968). Music of the Renaissance. H. S. Stuttman Company. p. 87.
69. Burns, William E. (2003). Witch hunts in Europe and America : an encyclopedia. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 158. ISBN   978-0-313-32142-9 . Retrieved June 29, 2023.