1568

1568 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1568; MDLXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2321
Armenian calendar	1017; ԹՎ ՌԺԷ
Assyrian calendar	6318
Balinese saka calendar	1489–1490
Bengali calendar	975
Berber calendar	2518
English Regnal year	10 Eliz. 1 – 11 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar	2112
Burmese calendar	930
Byzantine calendar	7076–7077
Chinese calendar	丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit); 4264 or 4204; — to —; 戊辰年 (Earth Dragon); 4265 or 4205
Coptic calendar	1284–1285
Discordian calendar	2734
Ethiopian calendar	1560–1561
Hebrew calendar	5328–5329
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1624–1625
- Shaka Samvat	1489–1490
- Kali Yuga	4668–4669
Holocene calendar	11568
Igbo calendar	568–569
Iranian calendar	946–947
Islamic calendar	975–976
Japanese calendar	Eiroku 11; (永禄１１年)
Javanese calendar	1487–1488
Julian calendar	1568; MDLXVIII
Korean calendar	3901
Minguo calendar	344 before ROC ; 民前344年
Nanakshahi calendar	100
Thai solar calendar	2110–2111
Tibetan calendar	阴火兔年; (female Fire-Rabbit); 1694 or 1313 or 541; — to —; 阳土龙年; (male Earth-Dragon); 1695 or 1314 or 542

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century ; 16th century ; 17th century ;
Decades:	1540s ; 1550s ; 1560s ; 1570s ; 1580s ;
Years:	1565 ; 1566 ; 1567 ; 1568 ; 1569 ; 1570 ; 1571 ;

Last updated March 02, 2019

May 23: Battle of Heiligerlee BattleOfHeiligerlee.jpg — May 23: Battle of Heiligerlee

Year 1568 ( MDLXVIII ) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Roman numerals Numbers in the Roman numeral system

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, employ seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, as follows:

A leap year starting on Thursday is any year with 366 days that begins on Thursday 1 January, and ends on Friday 31 December. Its dominical letters hence are DC, such as the years 1880, 1920, 1948, 1976, 2004, 2032, 2060, and 2088, in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 1988, 2016, and 2044 in the obsolete Julian calendar. Any leap year that starts on Monday, Wednesday or Thursday has two Friday the 13ths. This leap year contains two Friday the 13ths in February and August.

The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on 1 January 45 BC, by edict. It was the predominant calendar in the Roman world, most of Europe, and in European settlements in the Americas and elsewhere, until it was refined and gradually replaced by the Gregorian calendar, promulgated in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.

Events

January–June

January 6 – 13 – In the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, the delegates of Unio Trium Nationum to the Diet of Torda make Europe's first declaration of religious freedom, adopted on January 28 as the Edict of Torda.
February 17 – Treaty of Adrianople (sometimes called the Peace of Adrianople): The Habsburgs agree to pay tribute to the Ottomans.
March 23 – The Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. Again Catherine de' Medici and Charles IX make substantial concessions to the Huguenots.
May 2 – Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Loch Leven Castle.
May 13 – Battle of Langside: The forces of Mary, Queen of Scots are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants, under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.
May 16 – Mary, Queen of Scots, flees to England.
May 19 – Queen Elizabeth I of England arrests Mary, Queen of Scots.
May 23 – Battle of Heiligerlee: Troops under Louis of Nassau, brother of William I of Orange, defeat a smaller loyalist force under the Duke of Arenberg, in an attempt to invade the Northern Netherlands. This effectively begins the Eighty Years' War.

January 6 is the sixth day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 359 days remaining until the end of the year.

January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 352 days remaining until the end of the year.

Eastern Hungarian Kingdom the modern name used to designate the realm of John Zápolya and his son John Sigismund Zápolya, who contested the claims of the House of Habsburg to rule the Kingdom of Hungary from 1526 to 1570

The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom is a modern term used by historians to designate the realm of John Zápolya and his son John Sigismund Zápolya, who contested the claims of the House of Habsburg to rule the Kingdom of Hungary from 1526 to 1570. The Zápolyas ruled over an eastern part of Hungary, while the Habsburg kings ruled the west. The Habsburgs tried several times to unite all Hungary under their rule, but the Ottoman Empire prevented this by supporting the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom.

July–December

July 21 – Battle of Jemmingen: The main Spanish army of the Duke of Alva utterly defeats Louis of Nassau's invading army, in the Northeastern Netherlands.
August 18 – The Third War of Religion begins in France, after an unsuccessful attempt by the Royalists to capture Condé and Coligny, the Huguenot leaders.
September 23 – Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (Anglo-Spanish War): In the Gulf of Mexico, a Spanish fleet forces English privateers under John Hawkins to end their campaign.
September 29 – The Swedish king Eric XIV is deposed, by his half-brothers John and Charles. John proclaims himself king John III the next day.
October 5 – William I of Orange invades the southeastern Netherlands.
October 20 – Battle of Jodoigne: Spanish forces under the Duke of Alva destroy Orange's rearguard. Orange abandons his offensive.

July 21 is the 202nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 163 days remaining until the end of the year.

After the Battle of Heiligerlee, the Dutch rebel leader Louis of Nassau failed to capture the city Groningen. Louis was driven away by Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba and defeated at the Battle of Jemmingen on 21 July 1568.

Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of Alba, GE, KOGF, GR, known as the Grand Duke of Alba in Spain and the Iron Duke in the Netherlands, was a Spanish noble, general, and diplomat. He was titled the 3rd Duke of Alba de Tormes, 4th Marquess of Coria, 3rd Count of Salvatierra de Tormes, 2nd Count of Piedrahita, 8th Lord of Valdecorneja, Grandee of Spain, and a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. His motto in Latin was Deo patrum Nostrorum, which in English means "To the God of our fathers".

Date unknown

The Russo-Turkish War begins in Astrakhan.
Ashikaga Yoshiaki is installed as Shōgun, beginning the Azuchi–Momoyama period in Japan.
Akbar the Great of the Mughal Empire besieges and captures the massive Chittor Fort, in northern India.
Polybius' The Histories are first translated into English, by Christopher Watson.^[1]
Huguenots besiege Chartres.
A Spanish expedition under Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira discovers the Solomon Islands.

Ashikaga Yoshiaki 15th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate in Japan

Ashikaga Yoshiaki was the 15th shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate in Japan who reigned from 1568 to 1573. His father, Ashikaga Yoshiharu was the twelfth shōgun, and his brother, Ashikaga Yoshiteru was the thirteenth shōgun.

Azuchi–Momoyama period period of Japanese history

The Azuchi–Momoyama period is the final phase of the Sengoku period in Japan. These years of political unification led to the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate. It spans the years from c. 1573 to 1600, during which time Oda Nobunaga and his successor, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, imposed order upon the chaos that had pervaded since the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate.

Mughal Empire dynastic empire extending over large parts of the Indian subcontinent

The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by the Timurid dynasty, with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan and Timur, and with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; the first two Mughal emperors had both parents from Central Asian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its court culture and administrative customs.

Births

January 6 – Henri Spondanus, French historian (d. 1643)
January 14 – Johannes Hartmann, German chemist (d. 1631)
January 20 – Daniel Cramer, German theologian (d. 1637)
January 28 – Gustav of Sweden, Swedish prince (d. 1607)
January 30 – Countess Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1636)
February 2 – Péter Révay, Hungarian historian (d. 1622)
February 11 – Honoré d'Urfé, French writer (d. 1625)
March 9 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian Jesuit and saint (d. 1591)
March 16 – Juan Martínez Montañés, Spanish sculptor (d. 1649)
March 28 – Johannes Polyander, Dutch theologian (d. 1646)
April 5 – Pope Urban VIII (d. 1644)
April 17 – George Brooke, English aristocrat (d. 1603)
April 21 – Frederick II, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1587)
April 28 – Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza, Portuguese nobleman and father of João IV of Portugal (d. 1630)
May 9 – Guglielmo Caccia, Italian painter (d. 1625)
May 11 – Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1630)
May 17 – Anna Vasa of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1625)
May 29 – Virginia de' Medici, Duchess of Modena and Reggio (d. 1615)
June 6 – Sophie of Brandenburg, Regent of Saxony (1591–1601) (d. 1622)
June 25 – Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597)
July 1 – Philip Sigismund of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German Catholic bishop (d. 1623)
August 27 – Hercule, Duke of Montbazon (d. 1654)
September 3 – Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (d. 1634)
September 5 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian and poet (d. 1639)
October 2 – Marino Ghetaldi, Croatian mathematician and physicist (d. 1626)
October 18 – Henry Wallop, English politician (d. 1642)
November 18 – Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg (d. 1636)
December 17 – Jonathan Trelawny, English politician (d. 1604)
date unknown
- Nikolaus Ager, French botanist (d. 1634)
- John Welsh of Ayr, Scottish Presbyterian leader
- Barnabe Barnes, English poet (d. 1609)
- Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester (d. 1648)
- Nakagawa Hidemasa, Japanese military leader (d. 1592)
- Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl, Mexican historian (d. 1648)
- Gervase Markham, English poet and writer (d. 1637)
- Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester (d. 1628)
- Henry Wotton, English author and diplomat (d. 1639)
- Wei Zhongxian, Grand Secretary of China (d. 1627)
Nikolaus Ager, name also spelled Nicolas Ager and sometimes referred to as Agerius was a French physician and botanist born in Alsace. He was the author of the treatise "De Anima Vegetativa" (1629).
1634 (MDCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1634th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 634th year of the 2nd millennium, the 34th year of the 17th century, and the 5th year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1634, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
John Welsh (1568/9–1622) was a Scottish Presbyterian leader.

Henri Spondanus was a French Catholic jurist, historian and continuator of the Annales Ecclesiastici compiled by Cardinal Baronius, and Bishop of Pamiers. He was a convert from Calvinism.

1643 (MDCXLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1643rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 643rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 43rd year of the 17th century, and the 4th year of the 1640s decade. As of the start of 1643, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 351 days remaining until the end of the year.

Deaths

January 26 – Lady Catherine Grey, Countess of Hertford (b. 1540)
February 15 – Hendrick van Brederode, Dutch reformer (b. 1531)
March 20
- Albert, Duke of Prussia (b. 1490)
- Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Prussia (b. 1532)
March 19 – Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell, English noblewoman (b.c. 1518))
May 23 – Adolf of Nassau, Count of Nassau, Dutch soldier (b. 1540)
April 7 – Onofrio Panvinio, Italian Augustinian historian (b. 1529)
April 27 – Giovanni Michele Saraceni, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1498)
May 6 – Bernardo Salviati, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1508)
May 15 – Anna of Lorraine (b. 1522)
May 23 – Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg (b. 1528)
June 3 – Andrés de Urdaneta, Spanish friar (b. 1498)
June 5
- Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Flemish statesman (b. 1522)
- Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn (b. c. 1524)
June 11 – Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Wolfenbüttel 1514–1568 (b. 1489)
July 1 – Levinus Lemnius, Dutch writer (b. 1505)
July 6 – Johannes Oporinus, Swiss printer (b. 1507)
July 7 – William Turner, British ornithologist and botanist (b. 1508)
July 24 – Carlos, Prince of Asturias, son of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545)
August 15 – Stanislaus Kostka, Polish saint (b. 1550)
August 21 – Jean Parisot de Valette, 49th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1495)
August 23 – Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton (b. 1495)
September 26 – Leonor de Cisneros, Spanish Protestant (b. 1536)
September – Anna Pehrsönernas moder, influential Swedish courtier (b. year unknown)
September – Jöran Persson, Swedish politician (b. c. 1530) (executed)
October 3 – Elisabeth of Valois, Queen of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545)
October 14 – Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer (b. 1504)
October 19 – Joannes Aurifaber Vratislaviensis, German theologian (b. 1517)
October 28 – Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shōgun (b. 1538)
November 6
November 9 – John Radcliffe, English politician (b. 1539)
- Herman of Kazan and Svyazhsk, Archbishop of Kazan and later Metropolitan of Moscow
- Anna of Brunswick-Lüneburg, duchess consort of Pomerania (b. 1502)
December 23 – Roger Ascham, tutor of Elizabeth I of England (b. 1515)
December 24 – Henry V, Burgrave of Plauen (b. 1533)
December 28 – Christoph, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1515)
December 31 – Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (b. 1493)
date unknown
- Henry Sutton Dudley, English soldier and sailor (b. 1517)
- Garcia de Orta, Portuguese Jewish physician (b. 1501)
- Dirk Philips, early Dutch Anabaptist writer and theologian (b. 1504)
- Yan Song, Chinese prime minister (b. 1481)
- Amato Lusitano, Portuguese physician (b. 1511)

Related Research Articles

1626 (MDCXXVI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1626th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 626th year of the 2nd millennium, the 26th year of the 17th century, and the 7th year of the 1620s decade. As of the start of 1626, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Year 1572 (MDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1573 (MDLXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1574 (MDLXXIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1566 (MDLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

1596 (MDXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1596th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 596th year of the 2nd millennium, the 96th year of the 16th century, and the 7th year of the 1590s decade. As of the start of 1596, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Year 1546 (MDXLVI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1561 (MDLXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

1625 (MDCXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1625th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 625th year of the 2nd millennium, the 25th year of the 17th century, and the 6th year of the 1620s decade. As of the start of 1625, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1627 (MDCXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1627th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 627th year of the 2nd millennium, the 27th year of the 17th century, and the 8th year of the 1620s decade. As of the start of 1627, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1629 (MDCXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1629th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 629th year of the 2nd millennium, the 29th year of the 17th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1620s decade. As of the start of 1629, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1591 (MDXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1591st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 591st year of the 2nd millennium, the 91st year of the 16th century, and the 2nd year of the 1590s decade. As of the start of 1591, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1589 (MDLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1589th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 589th year of the 2nd millennium, the 89th year of the 16th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1589, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1584 (MDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1584th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 584th year of the 2nd millennium, the 84th year of the 16th century, and the 5th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1584, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1583 (MDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1583rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 583rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 83rd year of the 16th century, and the 4th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1583, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Year 1575 (MDLXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1570 (MDLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1569 (MDLXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1567 (MDLXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1563 (MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

References

↑ Polybius: "The Rise Of The Roman Empire", Page 36, Penguin, 1979.

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[1] Polybius: "The Rise Of The Roman Empire", Page 36, Penguin, 1979.

Gregorian calendar	1568 MDLXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2321
Armenian calendar	1017 ԹՎ ՌԺԷ
Assyrian calendar	6318
Balinese saka calendar	1489–1490
Bengali calendar	975
Berber calendar	2518
English Regnal year	10 Eliz. 1 – 11 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar	2112
Burmese calendar	930
Byzantine calendar	7076–7077
Chinese calendar	丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit) 4264 or 4204 — to — 戊辰年 (Earth Dragon) 4265 or 4205
Coptic calendar	1284–1285
Discordian calendar	2734
Ethiopian calendar	1560–1561
Hebrew calendar	5328–5329
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1624–1625
- Shaka Samvat	1489–1490
- Kali Yuga	4668–4669
Holocene calendar	11568
Igbo calendar	568–569
Iranian calendar	946–947
Islamic calendar	975–976
Japanese calendar	Eiroku 11 (永禄１１年)
Javanese calendar	1487–1488
Julian calendar	1568 MDLXVIII
Korean calendar	3901
Minguo calendar	344 before ROC 民前344年
Nanakshahi calendar	100
Thai solar calendar	2110–2111
Tibetan calendar	阴火兔年 (female Fire-Rabbit) 1694 or 1313 or 541 — to — 阳土龙年 (male Earth-Dragon) 1695 or 1314 or 542

1568 by topic
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