1457

February 11: China's Emperor Yingzong of Ming returns to the throne in coup d'etat

1457 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1457 MCDLVII
Ab urbe condita	2210
Armenian calendar	906 ԹՎ ՋԶ
Assyrian calendar	6207
Balinese saka calendar	1378–1379
Bengali calendar	863–864
Berber calendar	2407
English Regnal year	35  Hen. 6  – 36  Hen. 6
Buddhist calendar	2001
Burmese calendar	819
Byzantine calendar	6965–6966
Chinese calendar	丙子年 (Fire  Rat) 4154 or 3947     — to — 丁丑年 (Fire  Ox) 4155 or 3948
Coptic calendar	1173–1174
Discordian calendar	2623
Ethiopian calendar	1449–1450
Hebrew calendar	5217–5218
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1513–1514
- Shaka Samvat	1378–1379
- Kali Yuga	4557–4558
Holocene calendar	11457
Igbo calendar	457–458
Iranian calendar	835–836
Islamic calendar	861–862
Japanese calendar	Kōshō 3 / Chōroku 1 (長禄元年)
Javanese calendar	1372–1374
Julian calendar	1457 MCDLVII
Korean calendar	3790
Minguo calendar	455 before ROC 民前455年
Nanakshahi calendar	−11
Thai solar calendar	1999–2000
Tibetan calendar	མེ་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་ (male Fire-Rat) 1583 or 1202 or 430     — to — མེ་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Fire-Ox) 1584 or 1203 or 431

Year 1457 ( MCDLVII ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 21 – Jan IV, Duke of Oświęcim, sells the duchy to the Kingdom of Poland. ^[1]
• February 11 – In Ming dynasty China, the Emperor Yingzong of Ming is returned to the throne by General Cao Jixiang and other officers who had staged a coup d'etat and overthrown his brother, the Emperor Daizong. ^[2] Yingzong, whose first reign was the Zhengtong era, proclaims the Tianshun era.
• February 24 – King Charles VIII of Sweden is declared deposed after fleeing from Stockholm to Danzig following a rebellion. ^[3] The Archbishop of Sweden, Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna, and statesman Erik Axelsson Tott become co-regents of Sweden. ^[4] The coup leaders then offer the throne to Christian I, King of Denmark and Norway.
• March 1 – Prince Zhu Jianshen is designated as the heir to the Chinese throne by his father, the Emperor Yingzong. ^[2]
• March 6 – King James II of Scotland gives royal assent to laws passed by the Scottish Parliament, including several relating to the killing of various animals including rooks, crows and other birds of prey, as well as red fish, wolves, hares and rabbits Approval is also given for the Wapinschaws Act 1457 (regarding weapon shows, the required gathering of troops for review in each district four times a year) which makes the first written mention of the game of golf. The act declares that while archery is to be used at the gatherings, "the fut bal ande the golf are to be uterly cryt done and not usyt" ("football and golf are to be shouted down and not used", subject to arrest by the King's officers for violations. ^[5]
• March 14 – Ladislaus Hunyadi, who had assassinated the Hungarian regent Ulrich of Celje on November 9, is arrested soon after being tricked by King Ladislaus V into believing that he would become Lord Treasurer and Captain-General upon his arrival in Budapest. ^[6] Hunyadi is beheaded two days later by order of the King. ^[7]
• March 25 – At the age of 11, Mirza Shah Mahmud briefly becomes the Sultan of the Timurid Empire upon the death at Mashhad of the Sultan Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza. ^[8] Shah Mahmud is overthrown a few weeks later by his cousin Ibrahim Mirza. ^[9]

April–June

• April 12 – Ştefan cel Mare secures the throne of Moldavia, which he retains for the next 47 years.
• May 15 – The Swiss city of St. Gallen becomes a free imperial city within the Holy Roman Emperor upon payment of 7,000 gulden to its former abbot, Kaspar von Breitenlandenberg. ^[10]
• May 25 – The city of Gdansk is granted full autonomy by King Casimir IV of Poland. ^[11]
• June 23 – Christian I is elected king of Sweden, ending the war between Sweden and Denmark and restoring the Kalmar Union.
• June 29 – The Dutch city of Dordrecht is devastated by fire. ^[12]

July–September

• July 21 – Former Korean King Danjong (who had been given a comfortable office as "King Emeritus") is arrested after having conspired to reclaim the throne of Korea from his uncle, King Sejo. The other six conspirators (Sŏng Sammun, Pak Paeng-nyeon, Ha Wi-ji, Yi Kae, Yu Ŭngbu, and Yu Sŏngwŏn) are executed, while Danjong is initially spared the death penalty.
• August 14 – The Mainz Psalter, the second major book printed with movable type in the West, the first to be wholly finished mechanically (including colour), and the first to carry a printed date, is printed for the Elector of Mainz.
• September 2 – At the Battle of Albulena, the Albanian general Skanderbeg's defeats Ottoman Empire army, in the open field. ^[13]

October–December

• October 22 – After serving as the Doge of the Republic of Venice for 34 years, Francesco Foscari is forced to abdicate by the Council of Ten. Foscari dies 10 days later on November 1 at the age of 84. ^[14]
• October 30 – Pasquale Malipiero is elected as the new Doge of Venice. ^[15]
• November 23 – King Ladislaus V, King of Hungary, King of Croatia, and Duke of Austria since 1440, as well as King of Bohemia since 1453, dies suddenly at the age of 17 while in Prague. ^[16] Although suspected by his allies to have been the victim of poisoning, examination of his remains indicates later that he died from bubonic plague. ^[17] Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor is declared Duke of Austria, while Matthias Corvinus attempts to become the new King of Hungary and Croatia, while George of Poděbrady vies to become the new King of Bohemia.
• December 23 – Pope Calixtus III declares Albanian hero Skanderbeg to be a Captain-General of the Holy See and gives him the title Athleta Christi ("Champion of Christ"). ^[18]

Date unknown

• Albrechts University is founded at Freiburg im Breisgau.
• Edo Castle is built by Ōta Dōkan in modern-day Tokyo.
• Oirat Taiji-Asamanji (Uch-Timur) set out on a devastating campaign in Central Asia

Births

• January 18 – Antonio Trivulzio, seniore, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1508)
• January 28 – King Henry VII of England (d. 1509) ^[19]
• February 2 – Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, Italo-Spanish historian and diplomat (d. 1526)
• February 13 – Mary of Burgundy, sovereign duchess regnant of Burgundy, married to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1482)
• August 20 – Seongjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1494)
• September 21 – Hedwig Jagiellon, Duchess of Bavaria, Polish princess (d. 1502)
• November 16 – Beatrice of Naples, Hungarian queen (d. 1508)
• date unknown– Richard Grey, English knight, half brother of Edward V (executed 1483)
• probable
  • Sebastian Brant, German humanist and satirist (d. 1521) ^[20]
  • Filippino Lippi, Florentine painter (d. 1504) ^[21]
  • Jacob Obrecht, Dutch composer (d. 1505)
  • Thomas West, 8th Baron De La Warr (d. 1525)

Deaths

• March 14 – Jingtai Emperor of China (b. 1428)
• March 16 – László Hunyadi, Hungarian statesman and warrior (b. 1433) ^[22]
• May 22 – Saint Rita of Cascia, Italian saint (b. 1381)
• August 1 – Lorenzo Valla, Italian humanist
• August 19 – Andrea del Castagno, Italian painter (b. 1421)
• September 12 – Gabriele Sforza, Archbishop of Milan (b. 1423) ^[23]
• September 14 – Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach, countess consort of Hanau (b. 1432)
• September 22 – Peter II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1418)
• November 3 – Ludwig II, Count of Württemberg-Urach, German noble (b. 1439)
• November 23 – King Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary (b. 1440)
• December 24 – Danjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (b. 1441)
• date unknown
  • Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza, ruler of Khurasan (b. 1422)
  • Bartolomeu Perestrello, Portuguese navigator and explorer (b. 1395)

References

1. Prokop, Krzysztof Rafał (2002). Księstwa oświęcimskie i zatorskie wobec Korony Polskiej w latach 1438-1513. Dzieje polityczne[The Duchies of Oświęcim and Zator in the Relations with the Polish Crown in the Years 1438-1513. Political History] (in Polish). Kraków: PAU. p. 151. ISBN   83-88857-31-2.
2. Goodrich, L. Carington; Fang, Chaoying (1976). Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 292-298. ISBN   0-231-03801-1.
3. Sundberg, Ulf (2010). Sveriges krig 1448-1630[Sweden's wars 1448-1630] (in Swedish). Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek. p. 66. ISBN   9789185789627.
4. Larsson, Lars-Olof (2003). Kalmarunionens tid: Från Drottning Margareta till Kristian II[The Era of the Kalmar Union: From Queen Margaretha to Christian II] (in Swedish). Norstedts. p. 285. ISBN   9789151842172.
5. Alexander, William (1841). "Acta Parliamentorum Regis Jacobi Secundi". An Abridgement of the Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland. Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black. pp. 441–442 – via Google Books.
6. Cartledge, Bryan (2011). The Will to Survive: A History of Hungary. C. Hurst & Co. p. 61. ISBN   978-1-84904-112-6.
7.  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Hunyadi, László". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 13 (11th ed.). pp. 956–957.
8. Maria E. Subtelny, Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Persia , Vol. 7, (Brill, 2007), p. 49.
9. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (2007). Power, politics and religion in Timurid Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 102. ISBN   9780521865470.
10. Gössi, Anton: St. Gallen - Äbte: Kaspar von Breitenlandenberg, 1442-1463. in: Helvetia Sacra. III: Die Orden mit Benediktinerregel. 2/1: Frühe Klöster, die Benediktiner und Benediktinerinnen in der Schweiz. Francke Verlag, Bern 1986, pp.1317-1319.
11. Hess, Corina (2007). Danziger Wohnkultur in der frühen Neuzeit. Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 45. ISBN   978-3-8258-8711-7.
12. "Building". Vrienden van de Grote Kerk Dordrecht. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
13. Babinger, Franz (1978). Hickman, William C. (ed.). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Translated by Manheim, Ralph. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 152. ISBN   978-0-691-01078-6.
14. Romano, Dennis (2007). The Likeness of Venice: A Life of Doge Francesco Foscari. Yale University Press. ISBN   978-0-300-11202-3.
15. MacKay, George Eric (1878). The Doges of Venice chronologically arranged, with historical notes. Venice: National Central Library of Florence. pp. 91–92. OCLC   562056502.
16. Kubinyi, András (2008). Matthias Rex. Balassi Kiadó. p. 27. ISBN   978-963-506-767-1.
17. Tringli, István (2012). "V. László". In Gujdár, Noémi; Szatmáry, Nóra (eds.). Magyar királyok nagykönyve: Uralkodóink, kormányzóink és az erdélyi fejedelmek életének és tetteinek képes története [Encyclopedia of the Kings of Hungary: An Illustrated History of the Life and Deeds of Our Monarchs, Regents and the Princes of Transylvania] (in Hungarian). Reader's Digest. p. 139. ISBN   978-963-289-214-6.
18. Babinger, Franz (1992), Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time, Princeton University Press, pp. 152–153, ISBN   978-0-691-01078-6
19. Roger Lockyer; Andrew Thrush (19 September 2014). Henry VII. Routledge. p. 7. ISBN   978-1-317-89432-2.
20. Clayton J. Drees (2001). The Late Medieval Age of Crisis and Renewal, 1300-1500: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 68. ISBN   978-0-313-30588-7.
21. Lucia Corrain (2008). The Art of the Renaissance. The Oliver Press, Inc. p. 17. ISBN   978-1-934545-04-1.
22. Zsigmond M¢ricz (1 January 1995). Be Faithful Unto Death. Central European University Press. p. 305. ISBN   978-1-85866-060-8.
23. O. J. Schnaubelt; Joseph C. Schnaubelt; Frederick Van Fleteren (1999). Augustine in Iconography: History and Legend. P. Lang. p. 339. ISBN   978-0-8204-2291-6.