1430s

Last updated

The 1430s decade ran from January 1, 1430, to December 31, 1439.

Contents

Events

1430

This section is transcluded from 1430. (edit | history)


January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1431

This section is transcluded from 1431. (edit | history)

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1432

This section is transcluded from 1432. (edit | history)

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1433

This section is transcluded from 1433. (edit | history)

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

  • In Ming Dynasty China, cotton is listed as a permanent item of trade, on the tax registers of Songjiang prefecture. [76]

1434

This section is transcluded from 1434. (edit | history)

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1435

This section is transcluded from 1435. (edit | history)

January–March

April–June

  • April 13 – In Germany, Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg becomes the direct administrator of the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin upon the death of Casmir V, and acts as regent for Casimir's 8-year-old son, Joachim of Griffin.
  • May 8 – The German city of Speyer sets a six-month deadline for its Jewish community to leave, as the council passes a decree declaring that "The council is compelled to banish the Jews, but it has no designs upon their lives or their property. It only revokes their rights of citizenship and of settlement. Until November 11 they are at liberty to go whither they please with all their property, and in the meantime they may make final disposition of their business affairs." [94]
  • May 9 – The French Army, led by Jean Poton de Xaintrailles and Étienne de Vignolles ("La Hire") wins the Battle of Gerberoy, despite being outnumbered 3 to 1 by the English Army under John FitzAlan. the French lose no more than 30 soldiers while the English lose over 1,000, including FitzAlan, who is fatally wounded and died on June 12. [95]
  • June 1 – The Siege of Paris begins as the French royalists of King Charles VII attempt to retake control of the French capital, defended by the supporters of England's King Henry VI. [96] The siege lasts for 10 months but Paris is surrendered to the royalists on April 17.

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

1436

This section is transcluded from 1436. (edit | history)

January–March

April–July

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

  • Vlad II Dracul seizes the recently vacated throne of Wallachia, with Hungarian support.
  • The Bosnian language is first mentioned in a document.
  • Date of the Visokom papers, the last direct sources on the old town of Visoki.
  • In Ming dynasty China, the inauguration of the Zhengtong-era Emperor Yingzong of Ming takes place.
  • In Ming dynasty China, a significant portion of the southern grain tax is commuted to payments in silver, known as the Gold Floral Silver (jinhuayin). This comes about due to officials' and military generals' increasing demands to be paid in silver instead of grain, as commercial transactions draw more silver into nationwide circulation. Some counties have trouble transporting all the required grain to meet their tax quotas, so it makes sense to pay the government in silver, a medium of exchange that is already abundant amongst landowners, through their own private commercial affairs.
  • The Florentine polymath Leon Battista Alberti begins writing the treatise On Painting, in which he argues for the importance of mathematical perspective, in the creation of three-dimensional vision on a two-dimensional plane. This follows the ideas of Masaccio, and his concepts of linear perspective and vanishing point in artwork.
  • Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia becomes the first European to explore the western coast of Africa, past the Tropic of Cancer.
  • Johannes Gutenberg begins work on the printing press.

1437

This section is transcluded from 1437. (edit | history)

January–March

April–June

July–September

  • July 6 – The Transylvanian peasant revolt comes to an end with a formal treaty signed at the monastery of Cluj-Manastur, reducing the tithe to be paid to their employers, and abolishing the tax requiring surrendering one-ninth of each individual's production of wine and grain, and confirming the right of peasants to move freely within Transylvania. [135]
  • August 22 – Portugal's disastrous Tangier expedition to attack Morocco begins as Prince Henry the Navigator and more than 6,000 troops (3,000 knights, 2,000 infantry, 1,000 archers) sail from the port of Belém toward Africa and the Portuguese colony of Ceuta. They arrive at Ceuta five days later. [136]
  • September 20 –
  • September 30 – A Moroccan relief force of at least 10,000 cavalry and 90,000 foot soldiers arrives at Tangier to halt Portugal's assault on Tangier. [136]

October–December

Date unknown

1438

This section is transcluded from 1438. (edit | history)

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

  • According to John Rowe's chronology, Pachacuti becomes ruler of the Kingdom of Cusco and begins its expansion into the Inca Empire (Tahuantinsuyu). [156]
  • At 95 years of age, Nang Keo Phimpha becomes queen of Lan Xang for a few months before being deposed and killed.
  • Just two years after the Ming dynasty court of China allowed landowners paying the grain tax to pay their tax in silver instead, the Ming court now decides to close all silver mines and prohibit all private silver mining in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. This is a concerted effort to halt the increase of silver circulating into the market. The illegal mining of silver is now an offense punishable by death; although it becomes a dangerous affair, the high demand for silver also makes it very lucrative, and so many chose to defy the government and continue to mine.
  • The Sukhothai Kingdom merges with the Ayutthaya Kingdom.

1439

This section is transcluded from 1439. (edit | history)

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

Transcluding articles: 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, and 1439

1430

1431

1432

Mehmed II, the Conqueror Bellini, Gentile - Sultan Mehmet II.jpg
Mehmed II, the Conqueror

1433

1434

1435

1436

1437

1438

1439

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1430, 1431, 1432, 1433, 1434, 1435, 1436, 1437, 1438, and 1439

1430

1431

1432

1433

1434

1435

1436

1437

1438

1439

References

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  4. ↑ Lysý, Miroslav (2007). "Husitské vpády do Uhorska 1428 – 1431" [The Hussite Raids into the Kingdom of Hungary in 1428 – 1431]. Historický časopis (in Slovak) (3): 420. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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  14. ↑ Jaques, Tony (2001). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E. Westport.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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  20. ↑ Frost, Robert (2018) [1st pub. 2015]. The Oxford History of Poland-Lithuania, Volume I: The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union, 1385–1569. Oxford University Press. p. 168. ISBN   978-0-19-880020-0.
  21. ↑ Biskup, Marian (1967). "Najazd krzyżacki na Polskę i bitwa pod Dąbkami 1431". Zeszyty Naukowe Wojskowej Akademii Politycznej (in Polish). Historia (15).
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  24. ↑ Babinger, Franz (1987). "Turakhān Beg". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VIII. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 876–878. ISBN   90-04-09794-5.
  25. ↑ Piferrer, Francisco; Busel, A.R. (1859). Nobiliario de los reinos y señorios de España (revisado por Antonio Rujula y Busel) (in Spanish). p. 228. ISBN   9781144644695 . Retrieved 24 December 2019.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  26. ↑ .Bosworth, Clifford (1996). "The Nasrids or Banu 'l-Ahmar". The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN   978-0748696482.
  27. ↑ Ştefănescu, p.104-105; Xenopol (p.127) indicates 1444 as the end of his rule, in connection with Władysław III's death in the Battle of Varna.
  28. ↑ Henri Godivier, Histoire de Pouancé et des environs (1906).
  29. ↑ Pinto, Stanley (21 January 2015), "12-year wait ends, all eyes on 42-ft-tall Karkala Bahubali", The Times of India , Mangaluru, Times News Network
  30. ↑ Chisholm, H., ed. (1911). "Arthur III (1393–1458)". Encyclopædia Britannica 11th ed. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 683.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 .Mills, J. V. G. (1970). Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' [1433]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 15. ISBN   978-0-521-01032-0.
  32. ↑ Villari, Luigi (1911). "Foscari, Francesco"  . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 730.
  33. ↑ Birnbaum, Eleazar (1991). "Merd̲j̲ümek" . In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN   978-90-04-08112-3.
  34. ↑ "The Most Stolen Work of Art | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  35. ↑ Dennis Showalter, Medieval Wars, 500–1500 (Amber Books, 2013)
  36. ↑ Carlo de' Rosmini, Dell'istoria di Milano (Milan:Manini e Revolta, 1820)
  37. ↑ Randolph Starn and Loren Partridge, "Representing war in the Renaissance: The shield of Paolo Uccello," Representations, No. 5, Winter 1984, 33–65.
  38. ↑ Boustronios, Georgios (2005). A Narrative of the Chronicle of Cyprus: 1456-1489. State University of New York Press. p. 48.
  39. ↑ Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1972. pp. 31–32. ISBN   978-0-11-840096-1 – via Google Books.
  40. ↑ Furió, Antoni (2002). Castells, torres i fortificacions en la Ribera del Xúquer. University of Valencia. ISBN   978-84-370-5514-5.
  41. ↑ Kiaupienė, Jūratė (2002). "Gediminaičiai ir Jogailaičiai prie Vytauto palikimo". Gimtoji istorija. Nuo 7 iki 12 klasės (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Elektroninės leidybos namai. ISBN   9986-9216-9-4. Archived from the original on 3 March 2008. Retrieved 2 July 2008.
  42. ↑ Pius II (2013). Europe (c.1400-1458). CUA Press. p. 306. ISBN   978-0813221823.
  43. ↑ Jonas Zinkus; et al., eds. (1985–1988). "Gardino sutartis". Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. I. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. p. 578. LCCN   86232954.
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  45. ↑ Mandell Creighton, A History of the Papacy, Vol. II: The Council of Basel: The Papal restoration, 1418–1464 (London: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1892). p.64
  46. ↑ Curti, Pier Ambrogio (1852). Tradizioni e leggende di Lombardia, Volume III. Milano.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  47. ↑ Capponi, Niccolò (2011). La battaglia di Anghiari. Il giorno che salvò il Rinascimento. Milano.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  48. ↑ Gaučas, Petras (2002). "Ašmena". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija . Vol. T. II (Arktis-Beketas). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. p. 113.
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  53. 1 2 3 Mills, J. V. G. (1970). Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' [1433]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 17–18. ISBN   978-0-521-01032-0.
  54. 1 2 Vladimir Shirogorov, War on the Eve of Nations: Conflicts and Militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450–1500 (Lexington Books, 2021) pp.173-174 [ISBN 9781793622419]
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  56. ↑ Faruk Sümer, Kara Koyunlular (Başlangıçtan Cihan-Şah’a kadar) ("The Black Sheep, from the Beginning to Cihan-Shah", Volume I (Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Printing House, 1967) p.143
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  58. ↑ Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1931). Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan (in Burmese). Vol. 2 (1997–1999 ed.). Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay. p. 18.
  59. ↑ Zygmunt Boras, Książęta piastowscy Śląska (The Piast Princes of Silesia) (Śląsk, 1974) p.297
  60. ↑ Wilhelm Bornstedt, Aus der Geschichte von Rautheim an der Wabe (Braunschweig: Rautheim, 1977), p.28
  61. ↑ Franciscus (Scalamontius); Francesco Scalamonti; Dennis K. McDaniel; Charles Mitchell (1996). Vita Viri Clarissimi Et Famosissimi Kyriaci Anconitani. American Philosophical Society. p. 157. ISBN   978-0-87169-864-3.
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  64. ↑ Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers (third ed.). London: McFarland & Company Inc. p. 93.
  65. ↑ Wikisource-logo.svg This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Archbold, William Arthur Jobson (1891). "Hunt, Roger". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  66. 1 2 Dreyer, Edward L. (2007). Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433. New York: Pearson Longman. pp. 162–163. ISBN   978-0-321-08443-9.
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  71. ↑ Jonathan Sumption, The Hundred Years War, Volume 5: Triumph and Illusion (Faber & Faber, 2023) ISBN 9780571274581
  72. ↑ Phan Huy Chú, Lịch triều hiến chương loại chí, Tác giả ("Chronicles of the Dynasties") (Nhà Xuất bản Giáo dục (Education Publishing House), 2006
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  74. ↑ Thomas A. Fudge, The Crusade against Heretics in Bohemia (Ashgate, 2002)
  75. ↑ Rynarzewski, Maciej. "Polish – Bohemian expedition to Nowa Marchia and Pomorze Gdańskie in year 1433" (PDF). Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne Oddział w Olsztynie. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2009. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  76. ↑ Timothy Brook (September 1999). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. University of California Press. p. 20. ISBN   978-0-520-22154-3.
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  79. 1 2 Sergei Mikhailovich Soloviev, History of Russia from Ancient Times (in Russian), Vol. 4
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  81. ↑ Hugh LeCaine Agnew (2004). The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. Hoover Press. p. 91. ISBN   978-0-8179-4492-6.
  82. ↑ Carlo Zaghi (1973). L'Africa nella coscienza europea e l'imperialismo italiano (in Italian). Guida.
  83. ↑ Lars-Olof Larsson, Kalmarunionens tid : Från Drottning Margareta till Kristian II (Rabén Prisma, 1997)
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  86. ↑ Butel, Paul (2002-03-11). The Atlantic. London New York: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-134-84305-3.
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  99. ↑ Grigore Ureche, Letopisețul țărâi Moldovei, de când s-au descălecat țara și de cursul anilor și de viiața domnilor carea scrie de la Dragoș vodă până la Aron vodă (The Chronicle of the Moldavian Country, from the time the country was dismounted and the course of the years and the lives of the lords who wrote from Dragoș vodă to Aron vodă) (Bucharest: Literatura romana, 1852) ISBN   978-606-695-071-8
  100. ↑ Emmerson, Richard K. (2013). Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 23. ISBN   978-1-136-77519-2.
  101. ↑ Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Kiaupienė, Jūratė; Kuncevičius, Albinas (2000). The History of Lithuania Before 1795. Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. p. 210. ISBN   9986-810-13-2.
  102. ↑ Jonathan Sumption, The Hundred Years War: Volume 5, Triumph and Illusion (Faber & Faber, 2023) ISBN   978-0-571-27458-1
  103. ↑ Raudkivi, Priit (2007). Vana-Liivimaa maapäev (The Days of Old Livonia). Argo. pp. 118–119. ISBN   978-9949-415-84-7.
  104. ↑ Kamuntavičius, Rūstis; Vaida Kamuntavičienė; Remigijus Civinskas; Kastytis Antanaitis (2001). Lietuvos istorija 11–12 klasėms (Lithuanian History for Grades 11–12) (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Vaga. p. 92. ISBN   5-415-01502-7.
  105. ↑ Alī ibn al-Ḥasan Khazrajī, The Pearl-Strings; A History of the Resuliyy Dynasty (translated by James W. Redhouse), Vol. II. (Leiden: Kessinger Publishing, 1908), pp. 258-259.
  106. ↑ Scott, Michael (2015). Delphi: A History of the Center of the Ancient World. Princeton University Press. p. 249. ISBN   978-0-691-16984-2.
  107. ↑ Gagarin, Michael (2010). The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Greece and Rome. - Vol. 1 - 7. Oxford University Press. p. 386. ISBN   978-0-19-517072-6.
  108. 1 2 King, Ross (2000). Brunelleschi's Dome. London: Chatto & Windus. ISBN   0-7011-6903-6.
  109. ↑ "GUARCO, Isnardo in "Dizionario Biografico"". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2020-07-26.
  110. ↑ Buonadonna, Sergio; Mercenaro, Mario (2007). Rosso doge. I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797 ("Red Doges: The Doges of the Republic of Genoa from 1339 to 1797"). Genoa: De Ferrari Editori.
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  112. ↑ Lars Olof Larsson, Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson och 1430-talets svenska uppror ("Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson and the Swedish rebellion of the 1430s")(P.A. Norstedt, 1984) ISBN   978-91-1-843212-5
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