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The Kalmar Union was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by widowed Queen Margaret of Norway and Sweden. From 1397 to 1523, it joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, together with Norway's overseas colonies.
The 1490s decade ran from January 1, 1490, to December 31, 1499.
Year 1520 (MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1495 (MCDXCV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1493 (MCDXCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1494 (MCDXCIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1470 (MCDLXX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
John was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union. He was king of Denmark (1481–1513), Norway (1483–1513) and as John II Sweden (1497–1501). From 1482 to 1513, he was concurrently duke of Schleswig and Holstein in joint rule with his brother Frederick.
Sten Sture the Elder was a Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden from 1470–1497 and 1501–1503. As the leader of the victorious Swedish separatist forces against the royal unionist forces during the Battle of Brunkeberg in 1471, he weakened the Kalmar Union considerably and became the effective ruler of Sweden as Lord Regent for most of his remaining life.
Sture was a name borne by three distinct but interrelated noble families in Sweden in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. It was originally a nickname, meaning 'haughty, proud', but later became a surname. Particularly famous are the three regents from these families who ruled Sweden in succession during the fifty-year period between 1470 and 1520, namely:
Christina Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna of Fogelvik was a Swedish noblewoman. She was married to the Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger, and led the Swedish resistance against Christian II of Denmark after the death of her spouse. In her own lifetime she was simply referred to as Fru Kristina, but she has become known in history as Kristina Gyllenstierna because of the house of nobility to which she belonged.
Thomas Flamank was a lawyer and former MP from Cornwall, who together with Michael An Gof led the Cornish rebellion of 1497, a protest against taxes imposed by Henry VII of England.
The Russo-Swedish War of 1495–1497, known in Sweden as the Stures' Russian War, was a border war which occurred between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Kingdom of Sweden. Although the war was relatively short, and did not lead to any territorial changes, it has significance as the first war between Sweden and Moscow. Sweden earlier fought wars against the Novgorod Republic, before Novgorod was formally annexed to Moscow in 1478.
Erik Johansson Vasa was a Swedish noble and the Lord of Rydboholm Castle in Roslagen. His son would rule as King Gustav I of Sweden from 1523–1560.
Events from the 1490s in England.
Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa, also called Margareta Vasa and Margareta of Hoya, was a Swedish noblewoman, sister of king Gustav I of Sweden. Between 1525 and 1534, she commanded Vyborg Castle on several occasions during the absence of her spouse.
The Battle of Rotebro was fought on 28 September 1497 between the armies of John, King of Denmark and Sten Sture the Elder, the deposed regent of Sweden. Sten Sture had fallen out of favor with the nobility and was deposed on March 1497 of his post as Regent of Sweden. The Danes invaded Sweden in July of that year, and defeated Sten's peasant army on 28 September at the village of Rotebro north of Stockholm.
References
- ↑ Larsson, Lars-Olof (1997). Kalmarunionens tid: Från drottning Margareta till Kristian II. Stockholm. p. 362.(Swedish).
- ↑ Palme 1950 s. 209-210, 212-218, Suvanto 1952 s. 265-269, 271, 275-277, Julku 1987 s. 237, Finlands historia I s. 395, 397, Harrison 2005 s. 496-497, Sveriges historia 1350–1600 s. 197.(Swedish).
- 1 2 3 Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 189–192. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- 1 2 3 Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 135–138. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ↑ Annals of the Four Masters - Part 13. Annals of the Four Masters . Retrieved April 17, 2018.
Great famine prevailed through all Ireland in this and the following year, so that people ate of food unbecoming to mention, and never before heard of as having been introduced on human dishes.
- ↑ Timothy Wengert; M. Patrick Graham (October 1, 1997). Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560) and the Commentary. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-85075-684-2.
- ↑ BONO, JAMES J.; SCHMITT, CHARLES B. (1979). "AN UNKNOWN LETTER OF JACQUES DALÉCHAMPS TO JEAN FERNEL: LOCAL AUTONOMY VERSUS CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT" (PDF). Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 53 (1): 100–127. ISSN 0007-5140. JSTOR 44451300. PMID 387127. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
- ↑ Studies in the History of Art. National Gallery of Art. 1972. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-89468-106-6.