Mary I, also known as Mary Tudor, and as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain and the Habsburg dominions as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558. She is best known for her vigorous attempt to reverse the English Reformation, which had begun during the reign of her father, King Henry VIII. Her attempt to restore to the Church the property confiscated in the previous two reigns was largely thwarted by Parliament, but during her five-year reign, Mary had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions.
The House of Tudor was an English and Welsh dynasty that held the throne of England from 1485 to 1603. They descended from the Tudors of Penmynydd, a Welsh noble family, and Catherine of Valois. The Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and the Lordship of Ireland for 118 years with five monarchs: Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I. The Tudors succeeded the House of Plantagenet as rulers of the Kingdom of England, and were succeeded by the Scottish House of Stuart. The first Tudor monarch, Henry VII, descended through his mother from the House of Beaufort, a legitimised branch of the English royal House of Lancaster, a cadet house of the Plantagenets. The Tudor family rose to power and started the Tudor period in the wake of the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), which left the main House of Lancaster extinct in the male line.
The 1540s decade ran from 1 January 1540, to 31 December 1549.
Year 1503 (MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
The 1460s decade ran from January 1, 1460, to December 31, 1469.
Year 1537 (MDXXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
The 1550s decade ran from January 1, 1550, to December 31, 1559.
Year 1459 (MCDLIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
1584 (MDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1584th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 584th year of the 2nd millennium, the 84th year of the 16th century, and the 5th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1584, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Year 1567 (MDLXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1559 (MDLIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1553 (MDLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1552 (MDLII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1501 (MDI) was a common year starting on Friday in the Julian calendar.
Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of ArundelKG was an English nobleman, who over his long life assumed a prominent place at the court of all the later Tudor sovereigns.
Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger was an English politician and rebel leader during the reign of Queen Mary I; his rising is traditionally called "Wyatt's rebellion". He was the son of the English poet and ambassador Sir Thomas Wyatt.
Wyatt's Rebellion was a limited and unsuccessful uprising in England in early 1554 led by four men, one of whom was Sir Thomas Wyatt. It was given its name by the lawyer at Wyatt's arraignment, who stated for the record that "this shall be ever called Wyat's Rebellion". The rebellion arose out of concern over Queen Mary I's determination to marry a foreigner, Philip II of Spain, and to return England to the Catholic Church and papal authority. The uprising failed, with consequences for the rebels that ranged from death to forgiveness.
Events from the 1550s in England. This decade marks the beginning of the Elizabethan era.
Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk was an English noblewoman and translator of the English language. The daughter and sole heiress of Henry FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, she married Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. She died as a teenager shortly after the birth of her son, the Catholic model Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel, who lived to unite the FitzAlans and Howards into one dynasty, with Arundel Castle as its seat.
