1455

1455 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1455; MCDLV
Ab urbe condita	2208
Armenian calendar	904; ԹՎ ՋԴ
Assyrian calendar	6205
Balinese saka calendar	1376–1377
Bengali calendar	862
Berber calendar	2405
English Regnal year	33 Hen. 6 – 34 Hen. 6
Buddhist calendar	1999
Burmese calendar	817
Byzantine calendar	6963–6964
Chinese calendar	甲戌年 (Wood Dog); 4151 or 4091; — to —; 乙亥年 (Wood Pig); 4152 or 4092
Coptic calendar	1171–1172
Discordian calendar	2621
Ethiopian calendar	1447–1448
Hebrew calendar	5215–5216
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1511–1512
- Shaka Samvat	1376–1377
- Kali Yuga	4555–4556
Holocene calendar	11455
Igbo calendar	455–456
Iranian calendar	833–834
Islamic calendar	859–860
Japanese calendar	Kyōtoku 4 / Kōshō 1; (康正元年)
Javanese calendar	1370–1371
Julian calendar	1455; MCDLV
Korean calendar	3788
Minguo calendar	457 before ROC ; 民前457年
Nanakshahi calendar	−13
Thai solar calendar	1997–1998
Tibetan calendar	阳木狗年; (male Wood-Dog); 1581 or 1200 or 428; — to —; 阴木猪年; (female Wood-Pig); 1582 or 1201 or 429

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	14th century ; 15th century ; 16th century ;
Decades:	1430s ; 1440s ; 1450s ; 1460s ; 1470s ;
Years:	1452 ; 1453 ; 1454 ; 1455 ; 1456 ; 1457 ; 1458 ;

Last updated May 06, 2019

Year 1455 ( MCDLV ) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Roman numerals Numbers in the Roman numeral system

Roman numerals are a numeric system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Modern usage employs seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value:

A common year starting on Wednesday is any non-leap year that begins on Wednesday, 1 January, and ends on Wednesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is E. The most recent year of such kind was 2014, and the next one will be 2025 in the in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2009, 2015, and 2026 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 1800, was also a common year starting on Wednesday in the Gregorian calendar, see below for more. Any common year that starts on Wednesday, Friday or Saturday has only one Friday the 13th; The only Friday the 13th in this common year occurs in June. Leap years starting on Tuesday share this characteristic.

The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on 1 January 45 BC, by edict. It was the predominant calendar in the Roman world, most of Europe, and in European settlements in the Americas and elsewhere, until it was refined and gradually replaced by the Gregorian calendar, promulgated in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.

Events

January–December

January 8 – Pope Nicholas V publishes Romanus Pontifex , an encyclical addressed to King Afonso V of Portugal, which sanctions the conquest of non-Christian lands, and the reduction of native non-Christian populations to 'perpetual slavery' (later there will be a dramatic reversal when, in 1537, the bull Sublimis Deus of Pope Paul III forbids the enslavement of non-Christians).
February 23 – The Gutenberg Bible is the first book printed with movable type.
April 8 – Pope Calixtus III succeeds Pope Nicholas V, as the 209th pope.
Spring – The Wars of the Roses begin in England.
May 1 – Battle of Arkinholm: Forces loyal to King James II of Scotland defeat the supporters of the Earl of Douglas.
May 22 – First Battle of St Albans: Richard, Duke of York, defeats and captures King Henry VI of England.
November 15 – The conflict between Vladislav II of Wallachia and John Hunyadi escalates, so the latter decides to support Vlad the Impaler for the throne of Wallachia, the following year.

January 8 is the eighth day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 357 days remain until the end of the year.

Pope Nicholas V, born Tommaso Parentucelli, was Pope from 6 March 1447 until his death. Pope Eugene made him a cardinal in 1446 after successful trips to Italy and Germany, and when Eugene died the next year Parentucelli was elected in his place. He took his name Nicholas in memory of his obligations to Niccolò Albergati.

Romanus Pontifex, Latin for "The Roman Pontiff", is a papal bull written in 1454 by Pope Nicholas V to King Afonso V of Portugal. As a follow-up to the Dum Diversas, it confirmed to the Crown of Portugal dominion over all lands south of Cape Bojador in Africa. Along with encouraging the seizure of the lands of Saracen Turks and non-Christians, it repeated the earlier bull's permission for the enslavement of such peoples. The bull's primary purpose was to forbid other Christian nations from infringing the King of Portugal's rights of trade and colonisation in these regions, particularly amid the Portuguese and Castilian competition for ascendancy over new lands discovered.

Births

January 9 – William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg, Count of Ravensberg (d. 1511)
January 29 – Johann Reuchlin, German-born humanist and scholar (d. 1522)
February 2 – King John of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (d. 1513)
March 3
- King John II of Portugal (d. 1495)^[1]
- Ascanio Sforza, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1505)
John II, called the Perfect Prince, was King of Portugal from 1481 until his death in 1495, and also for a brief time in 1477. He is known for re-establishing the power of the Portuguese monarchy, reinvigorating the Portuguese economy, and renewing his country's exploration of Africa and the Orient.
Year 1495 (MCDXCV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar).
Ascanio Maria Sforza Visconti was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Generally known as a skilled diplomat who played a major role in the election of Rodrigo Borgia as Pope Alexander VI, Sforza served as Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1492 until 1505.
March 15 – Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1532)
May 16 – Wolfgang I of Oettingen, German count (d. 1522)
June 1 – Anne of Savoy, Savoy royal (d. 1480)
July 9 – Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (d. 1517)
July 15 – Queen Yun, Korean queen (d. 1482)
August 2 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1499)
August 15 – George, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1503)
November 9 – Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz, Lord of Breda and Stadtholder of Guelders and Zutphen (d. 1516)
date unknown
- Peter Vischer the Elder, German sculptor (approximate date) (d. 1529)
- Estefania Carròs i de Mur, Spanish educator (approximate date) (d. 1511)
- María de Ajofrín, Spanish visionary (d. 1489)
- Nicholas Barnham, English knight, killed in the War of the Roses (d. 1485)
Peter Vischer the Elder was a German sculptor, the son of Hermann Vischer, and the most notable member of the Vischer Family of Nuremberg.
Year 1529 (MDXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Estefania Carròs i de Mur (1455-1511), was a Spanish educator.

January 9 is the ninth day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 356 days remain until the end of the year.

William IV of Jülich-Berg was the last ruler of the Duchy of Jülich-Berg.

Year 1511 (MDXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Deaths

February 18 – Fra Angelico, Italian painter (b. 1395)
March 24 – Pope Nicholas V (b. 1397)^[2]
April 1 – Zbigniew Oleśnicki, Polish Catholic cardinal and statesman (b. 1389)
May 1 – Archibald Douglas, Earl of Moray (in battle)
May 22 (killed at the First Battle of St Albans):
- Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, Lancastrian commander (b. 1393)
- Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, Lancastrian commander (b. 1406)
- Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford, Lancastrian commander (b. 1414)
September 3 – Alonso Tostado, Spanish Catholic bishop
October 22 – Johannes Brassart, Flemish composer
October 28 – Guillaume-Hugues d'Estaing, French Catholic cardinal
December 1 – Lorenzo Ghiberti, Italian sculptor and metal smith (b. 1378)
December 2 – Isabel of Coimbra, queen of Portugal (b. 1432)

February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 316 days remain until the end of the year.

Fra Angelico was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance, described by Vasari in his Lives of the Artists as having "a rare and perfect talent".

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Italian Alps and surrounded by several islands. Located in the middle of the Mediterranean sea and traversed along its length by the Apennines, Italy has a largely temperate seasonal climate. The country covers an area of 301,340 km² (116,350 sq mi) and shares open land borders with France, Slovenia, Austria, Switzerland and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland (Campione) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian sea (Lampedusa). With around 60 million inhabitants, Italy is the fourth-most populous member state of the European Union.

Related Research Articles

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Year 1542 (MDXLII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1568 (MDLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

The 1460s decade ran from January 1, 1460, to December 31, 1469.

Year 1550 (MDL) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

The 1450s decade ran from January 1, 1450, to December 31, 1459.

Year 1521 (MDXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1536 (MDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1459 (MCDLIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1523 (MDXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1461 (MCDLXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

1590 (MDXC) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1590th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 590th year of the 2nd millennium, the 90th year of the 16th century, and the 1st year of the 1590s decade. As of the start of 1590, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Year 1580 (MDLXXX) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar.

Year 1578 (MDLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1558 (MDLVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1559 (MDLIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1513 (MDXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1435 (MCDXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Year 1447 (MCDXLVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford, 9th Lord of Skipton was a Lancastrian military leader during the Wars of the Roses in England. The Clifford family was one of the most prominent families among the northern English nobility of the fifteenth century, and by the marriages of his sisters John Clifford had links to some very important families of the time, including the earls of Devon. He was orphaned at twenty years of age when his father was slain by partisans of the House of York at the first battle of the Wars of the Roses, the Battle of St Albans in 1455. It was probably as a result of his father's death there that Clifford became one of the strongest supporters of Queen Margaret of Anjou, consort of King Henry VI, who ended up as effective leader of the Lancastrian faction.

References

↑ Hourihane, Colum (2012). The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. OUP USA. p. 217. ISBN 9780195395365.
↑ "Nicholas V | Vatican Library & Dum Diversas". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 6, 2019.

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[1] Hourihane, Colum (2012). The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. OUP USA. p. 217. ISBN 9780195395365.

[2] "Nicholas V | Vatican Library & Dum Diversas". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 6, 2019.

Gregorian calendar	1455 MCDLV
Ab urbe condita	2208
Armenian calendar	904 ԹՎ ՋԴ
Assyrian calendar	6205
Balinese saka calendar	1376–1377
Bengali calendar	862
Berber calendar	2405
English Regnal year	33 Hen. 6 – 34 Hen. 6
Buddhist calendar	1999
Burmese calendar	817
Byzantine calendar	6963–6964
Chinese calendar	甲戌年 (Wood Dog) 4151 or 4091 — to — 乙亥年 (Wood Pig) 4152 or 4092
Coptic calendar	1171–1172
Discordian calendar	2621
Ethiopian calendar	1447–1448
Hebrew calendar	5215–5216
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1511–1512
- Shaka Samvat	1376–1377
- Kali Yuga	4555–4556
Holocene calendar	11455
Igbo calendar	455–456
Iranian calendar	833–834
Islamic calendar	859–860
Japanese calendar	Kyōtoku 4 / Kōshō 1 (康正元年)
Javanese calendar	1370–1371
Julian calendar	1455 MCDLV
Korean calendar	3788
Minguo calendar	457 before ROC 民前457年
Nanakshahi calendar	−13
Thai solar calendar	1997–1998
Tibetan calendar	阳木狗年 (male Wood-Dog) 1581 or 1200 or 428 — to — 阴木猪年 (female Wood-Pig) 1582 or 1201 or 429

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