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The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian dates from 1 January 1401 to 31 December 1500 (MD).
The 1430s decade ran from January 1, 1430, to December 31, 1439.
The 1460s decade ran from January 1, 1460, to December 31, 1469.
The 1470s decade ran from January 1, 1470, to December 31, 1479.
The 1480s decade ran from January 1, 1480, to December 31, 1489.
The 1450s decade ran from January 1, 1450, to December 31, 1459.
Year 1459 (MCDLIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
The 1420s decade ran from January 1, 1420, to December 31, 1429.
Year 1470 (MCDLXX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1455 (MCDLV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (full) of the Julian calendar.
Edward IV was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England fought between the Yorkist and Lancastrian factions between 1455 and 1487.
The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Three of its members became kings of England in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth surviving son of Edward III. In time, it also represented Edward III's senior line, when an heir of York married the heiress-descendant of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Edward III's second surviving son. It is based on these descents that they claimed the English crown. Compared with its rival, the House of Lancaster, it had a superior claim to the throne of England according to cognatic primogeniture, but an inferior claim according to agnatic primogeniture. The reign of this dynasty ended with the death of Richard III of England at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. It became extinct in the male line with the death of Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, in 1499.
Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford was the uncle of King Henry VII of England and a leading architect of his nephew's successful accession to the throne in 1485. He was a member of the Tudor family of Penmynydd.
Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset was an important Lancastrian military commander during the English Wars of the Roses. He is sometimes numbered the 2nd Duke of Somerset, because the title was re-created for his father after his uncle died. He also held the subsidiary titles of 5th Earl of Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Dorset and 2nd Earl of Dorset.
John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, KG, was a major magnate in 15th-century England. He was the son of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and Alice Chaucer, the daughter of Thomas Chaucer. His youth was blighted, in 1450, by the political fall and subsequent murder of his father, who had been a favourite of king Henry VI but was increasingly distrusted by the rest of the nobility. Although the first duke of Suffolk had made himself rich through trade and – particularly – royal grants, this source of income dried up on his death, so John de la Pole was among the poorest of English dukes on his accession to the title in 1463. This was a circumstance which John felt acutely; on more than one occasion, he refused to come to London due to his impoverishment being such that he could not afford the costs of maintaining a retinue.
Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, aka Anne Plantagenet, was the first child of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville. She was thus the eldest sister of kings Edward IV (1461–1483) and Richard III (1483–1485) and their siblings Edmund, Earl of Rutland; Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk; Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy; and George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence.
Sir William Norreys was a famous Lancastrian soldier, and later an Esquire of the Body to King Edward IV.
Events from the 1460s in England.
Events from the 1470s in England.
The Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), known at the time and for more than a century after as the Civil Wars, was a series of civil wars fought over control of the English throne in the mid-to-late fifteenth century. These wars were fought between supporters of two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: Lancaster and York. The wars extinguished the last male line of the House of Lancaster in 1471, leading to the Tudor family inheriting the Lancastrian claim to the throne. Following the war and the extinction of the last male line of the House of York in 1485, a politically arranged marriage united the Houses of Lancaster and York, creating a new royal dynasty which inherited the Yorkist claim as well, thereby resolving the conflict.
References
- ↑ Peter Reid (2007). By Fire and Sword: The Rise and Fall of English Supremacy at Arms, 1314-1485. Constable. p. 398. ISBN 978-1-84529-526-4.
- ↑ Peter Burley; Michael Elliott; Harvey Watson (September 9, 2013). The Battles of St Albans. Pen and Sword. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-4738-1903-0.
- ↑ "Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y Figueroa". Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 18, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
- ↑ Cullman, Peter Simonstein (2006). History of the Jewish Community of Schneidemühl: 1641 to the Holocaust. Avotaynu. p. 14. ISBN 9781886223271.
- ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (May 1, 2008). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. p. 376. ISBN 978-1-59339-492-9.