1465

July 13: The former King Henry VI of England is captured as a fugitive and put in prison by King Edward IV.

1465 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1465 MCDLXV
Ab urbe condita	2218
Armenian calendar	914 ԹՎ ՋԺԴ
Assyrian calendar	6215
Balinese saka calendar	1386–1387
Bengali calendar	871–872
Berber calendar	2415
English Regnal year	4  Edw. 4  – 5  Edw. 4
Buddhist calendar	2009
Burmese calendar	827
Byzantine calendar	6973–6974
Chinese calendar	甲申年 (Wood  Monkey) 4162 or 3955     — to — 乙酉年 (Wood  Rooster) 4163 or 3956
Coptic calendar	1181–1182
Discordian calendar	2631
Ethiopian calendar	1457–1458
Hebrew calendar	5225–5226
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1521–1522
- Shaka Samvat	1386–1387
- Kali Yuga	4565–4566
Holocene calendar	11465
Igbo calendar	465–466
Iranian calendar	843–844
Islamic calendar	869–870
Japanese calendar	Kanshō 6 (寛正６年)
Javanese calendar	1381–1382
Julian calendar	1465 MCDLXV
Korean calendar	3798
Minguo calendar	447 before ROC 民前447年
Nanakshahi calendar	−3
Thai solar calendar	2007–2008
Tibetan calendar	ཤིང་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Wood-Monkey) 1591 or 1210 or 438     — to — ཤིང་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ (female Wood-Bird) 1592 or 1211 or 439

Year 1465 ( MCDLXV ) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 24 – Chilia is conquered by Stephen the Great of Moldavia, following a second siege.
• January 29 – Amadeus IX becomes Duke of Savoy.
• January 30 – Charles VIII of Sweden is deposed. Clergyman Kettil Karlsson Vasa becomes Regent of Sweden.
• February 28 – In the Catalan Civil War, the Battle of Calaf is fought and Pedro V, the self-proclaimed King of Aragon, is defeated near Barcelona by the legitimate King, Juan II. ^{[1] [2]}
• March 25 – Queens' College, Cambridge, dormant since 1447, is re-established on the campus of the University of Cambridge by the queen consort of England, Elizabeth Woodville, with the official name of "the College of St. Margaret and St. Bernard in the University of Cambridge." ^[3]
• March 28 – King Edward IV of England gives royal assent to acts passed by the English Parliament, including the Pattens Act 1464, regulating the manufacture of pattens, shoes with wooden soles and heels, and leather covering, declaring that "Patten-makers may make pattens of such asp as is not fit for shafts." The law is among several given royal assent to regulate clothing, including the Cloths Act, the Exportation of Wool Act and Contracting for Wool Act and the Shoemakers Act. ^[4] The parliament, in session since April 29, 1463, closes.

April–June

• April 27 – Nobility in the Castilian city of Plasencia declare that they will consider King Enrique IV deposed, four months after the Liga Nobiliaria had issued an ultimatum to the King. ^[5]
• May 14 – The Moroccan Revolt in Fez ousts the Maranid rulers, and leads to the killing of many Jews. ^{[6] [7]}
• May 26 – Elizabeth Woodville, Queen consort of Edward IV of England, is crowned in a lavish ceremony at Westminster Abbey.
• June 5 – The Farce of Ávila takes place in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain as noblemen in Ávila declare that King Enrique IV is deposed and that they will only recognize his half-brother, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, as their monarch. ^[5] King Enrique, who was the subject of a similar deposition in Plasencia on April 27, continues his reign of the rest of the kingdom from Madrid.

July–September

• July 13 – Henry of Lancaster, the former King Henry VI of England is captured at Waddington Hall in Lancashire, by Yorkist forces. ^[8] Henry and his aide, Sir Richard Tunstall, had been staying as the guest of Sir Richard Tempest when his brother. Richard's brother, John Tempest attempts to arrest Henry, but Tunstall and Henry flee to the Clitheroe forest and are captured by the River Ribble.
• July 16 – At the Battle of Montlhéry, troops of King Louis XI of France fight inconclusively against an army of great nobles, organized as the League of the Public Weal. ^[9]
• July 24 – Henry of Lancaster, the former King Henry VI of England, is imprisoned in the Tower of London by order of King Edward IV. His queen consort Margaret of Anjou and Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, have fled to France. ^{[10] [11]}
• August 11 – In Sweden, Kettil Karlsson Vasa, Bishop of Linköping, is succeeded as Regent by Archbishop Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna.
• September 7 – With the approval by the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich III, the Bohemian captain Hinko Tannfeld to plunder the Hungarian town of Sopron.
• September 23 – Pope Matthew II of Alexandria, leader of the Coptic Christian Church, dies after a reign of 13 years. The Coptic papacy will remain vacant for five months until the election of Gabriel VI as the new Pope.
• September 29 – King Ferrante of Naples creates the award Order of the Ermine (L’Ordre de l’Hermine)
• September 30 – In what is now the state of Rajasthan in northwest India, Prince Rao Bika departs from Jodhpur with 600 soldiers to conquer the territory of Jangladesh. ^[12]

October–December

• October 5 – The Treaty of Conflans is signed between King Louis XI of France and the Count of Charolais. ^[13]
• October 20 – Near Sint-Truiden in what is now Belgium, Charles the Bold, son of the Duke of Burgundy leads his troops to victory over the rebellious province of Liege at the Battle of Montenaken, and 1,200 of the rebels are killed. ^[14]
• October 29 – The treaty of Saint-Maur is signed between King Louis XI of France and the nobles of the League of the Public Weal (Ligue du bien public), ending the War of the Public Weal. ^[13]
• November 13 – The Archbishop of Tours, Jean Bernard, excommunicates Bishop Jean de Beauvau of Angers for insubordination.
• November 26 – In Bohemia, Count Jaroslav Lev of Rožmitál departs from Prague along with 40 other Bohemian lords as part of King George's project of Establishment of Peace throughout Christendom. ^[15]
• December 22 – The Treaty of Saint-Trond is signed to end the war between the Burgundian Netherlands (ruled by Philip the Good) and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, ending the First Liège War, which had started four months earlier. Liège is allowed to keep its sovereignty at the cost of paying for the Burgundian war expenses and designating Charles the Bold, son of the Duke Philip, as heir to the rule of the area. ^[16]
• December 23 – The Treaty of Caen is signed between King Louis XI of France and Francis II, Duke of Brittany. ^[13]

Date unknown

• Massive flooding in central and southern China motivates the initial construction of hundreds of new bridges.
• The main altar of St Martin's Church, Colmar is finished by painter Caspar Isenmann.
• The Kazakh Khanate is founded by Kerei Khan and Janibek Khan.

Births

• January 1 – Lachlan Cattanach Maclean, 11th Chief, Scottish clan chief (d. 1523)
• February 4 – Frans van Brederode, Dutch rebel (d. 1490)
• February 6 – Scipione del Ferro, Italian mathematician (d. 1526) ^[17]
• March 16 – Kunigunde of Austria, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1520)
• June 10 – Mercurino Gattinara, Italian statesman and jurist (d. 1530)
• June 24 – Isabella del Balzo, queen consort of Naples (d. 1533)
• July 29 – Ichijō Fuyuyoshi, Japanese court noble (d. 1514)
• August 17 – Philibert I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1482)
• September 11 – Bernardo Accolti, Italian poet (d. 1536)
• October 14 – Konrad Peutinger, German humanist and antiquarian (d. 1547)
• December 11 – Ashikaga Yoshihisa, Japanese shōgun (d. 1489)
• date unknown
  • Şehzade Ahmet, oldest son of Sultan Bayezid II (d. 1513)
  • Hector Boece, Scottish historian (d. 1536) ^[18]
  • William Cornysh, English composer (d. 1523)
  • George Neville, Duke of Bedford, English nobleman (d. 1483)
  • Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, Spanish conquistador (d. 1524)
• probable
  • Gil Vicente, Portuguese poet and playwright
  • Francisco Álvares, Portuguese missionary and explorer (d. 1541))
  • Mette Dyre, Danish noblewoman, nominal sheriff and chancellor
  • Johann Tetzel, German Dominican priest (d. 1519) ^[19]

Deaths

• January 5 – Charles, Duke of Orléans, French poet (b. 1394) ^[20]
• January 14 – Thomas Beckington, English statesman and prelate
• January 29 – Louis, Duke of Savoy (b. 1413)
• March 30 – Isabella of Clermont, queen consort of Naples (b. c. 1424)
• April 30 – Jacob of Juterbogk, German theologian (b. c. 1381)
• May 12 – Thomas Palaiologos, claimant to Byzantine throne (b. 1409) ^[21]
• August 11 – Kettil Karlsson, regent of Sweden and Bishop of Linköping (plague; b. 1433)
• August 14 – Abd al-Haqq II, last Marinid Sultan of Morocco (b.1419)
• September 25 – Isabella of Bourbon, countess consort of Charolais, spouse of Charles the Bold (b. c. 1434)
• November 20 – Malatesta Novello, Italian condottiero (b. 1418)
• date unknown– John Hardyng, English chronicler (b. 1378)

References

1. Bisson, Thomas N. (1986), The Medieval Crown of Aragon: A Short History, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 152, ISBN   0-19-821987-3
2. Vicens Vives, Jaume (1953). Paul Freedman i Josep Mª Muñoz i Lloret (ed.). Juan II de Aragón (1398-1479): monarquía y revolución en la España del siglo XV[John II of Aragon (1398-1479): Monarchy and Revolution in 15th century Spain] (in Castilian). Pamplona: Urgoiti editores. ISBN   84-932479-8-7.
3. Arlene Okerlund, Elizabeth: England's Slandered Queen (History Press, 2006)
4. "4° Edw. IV.". The Statutes of the Realm. Vol. 2: 1377 to 1509. pp. 403–418 – via Hathi Trust.
5. Enrique Soria (2008), ""Farsa de Ávila: los nobles contra el rey de Castilla"" [Farce of Avila: The nobles against the king of Castille], Historia National Geographic (in Spanish), vol. 49, pp. 20–23, ISSN   1696-7755
6. Stillman, Norman A. (1979). The Jews of Arab Lands. Jewish Publication Society. p. 81. ISBN   978-0-8276-1155-9 . Retrieved 30 September 2024.
7. García-Arenal, Mercedes (1 January 1978). "The revolution of Fās in 869/1465 and the death of Sultan 'Abd al-ḥaqq al-Marīnī". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 41: 43–76. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00057773.
8. David Cohen, Battles of the Wars of the Roses (Pen & Sword Books, 2023)
9. Christina J. Moose (2005). Great Events from History: The Renaissance & early modern era, 1454-1600. Salem Press. p. 58. ISBN   978-1-58765-215-8.
10. Lauren Johnson, The Shadow King: The Life and Death of Henry VI (Pegasus Books, 2019)
11. Medieval History. Headstart History. 1991. p. 79.
12. Manoshi Bhattacharya, The Royal Rajputs: Strange Tales and Stranger Truths (Rupa Publications, 2008) p.263 ISBN 978812911272
13. Alexander Gillespie, The Causes of War: Volume III: 1400 CE to 1650 CE, (Hart Publishing, 2017), p.26
14. Smith, Robert; Kelly DeVries (2005). The Artillery of the Dukes of Burgundy, 1363-1477. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 150–151. ISBN   1-84383-162-7.
15. "Jaroslav Lev z Rožmitálu". Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí České republiky. Archived from the original on 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2025-05-01.
16. Alain Marchandise, Irène Vrancken-Pirson and Jean-Louis Kupper, "La destruction de la ville de Liège (1468) et sa reconstruction", in Destruction et reconstruction de villes, du moyen age à nos jours (Brussels, 1999), pp. 72-73.
17. Tucker McElroy (14 May 2014). A to Z of Mathematicians. Infobase Publishing. p. 93. ISBN   978-1-4381-0921-3.
18. "Boece [Boethius], Hector (c. 1465–1536), historian and college head" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2760 . Retrieved 21 January 2021.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
19. Hans Joachim Hillerbrand (1996). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation. Oxford University Press. p. 149. ISBN   978-0-19-506493-3.
20. The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature. H.G. Allen. 1890. p. 852.
21. Donald M. Nicol (30 August 1984). The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press. p. 211. ISBN   978-0-521-26190-6.