1514

July 14: Six days of torture of Hungarian rebel leader György Dózsa begins, lasting until his death.

September 8: Poland and Lithuania defeat a much larger Russian force in the Battle of Orsha.

1514 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1514 MDXIV
Ab urbe condita	2267
Armenian calendar	963 ԹՎ ՋԿԳ
Assyrian calendar	6264
Balinese saka calendar	1435–1436
Bengali calendar	920–921
Berber calendar	2464
English Regnal year	5  Hen. 8  – 6  Hen. 8
Buddhist calendar	2058
Burmese calendar	876
Byzantine calendar	7022–7023
Chinese calendar	癸酉年 (Water  Rooster) 4211 or 4004     — to — 甲戌年 (Wood  Dog) 4212 or 4005
Coptic calendar	1230–1231
Discordian calendar	2680
Ethiopian calendar	1506–1507
Hebrew calendar	5274–5275
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1570–1571
- Shaka Samvat	1435–1436
- Kali Yuga	4614–4615
Holocene calendar	11514
Igbo calendar	514–515
Iranian calendar	892–893
Islamic calendar	919–920
Japanese calendar	Eishō 11 (永正１１年)
Javanese calendar	1431–1432
Julian calendar	1514 MDXIV
Korean calendar	3847
Minguo calendar	398 before ROC 民前398年
Nanakshahi calendar	46
Thai solar calendar	2056–2057
Tibetan calendar	ཆུ་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ (female Water-Bird) 1640 or 1259 or 487     — to — ཤིང་ཕོ་ཁྱི་ལོ་ (male Wood-Dog) 1641 or 1260 or 488

Year 1514 ( MDXIV ) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

Albrecht Dürer creates engraving Melencolia I.

January–March

• January 10 – A great fire breaks out, in the Rialto of Venice. ^[1]
• February 12 – War of the League of Cambrai: In what is now the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Giacomo Badoer, administrator of the Republic of Venice, orders a retreat from the approaching forces of the Holy Roman Empire, abandoning Udine, Cividale and Cormons and falling back on Sacile. ^[2]
• March 12 – A huge exotic embassy sent by King Manuel I of Portugal to Pope Leo X arrives in Rome, including Hanno, an Indian elephant.
• March 13 – Louis XII of France makes peace with Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. ^[3]

April–June

• April 29 – After a month of negotiations at Linz between the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Denmark, representatives of the two nations sign an alliance agreement, to be secured by the marriage of the Emperor's 13-year-old daughter Isabella, to the new King of Denmark, Christian II, along with payment of a dowry to King Christian of 250,000 Rhenish gulden, equivalent to $118,000,000 USD 500 years later. ^[4]
• May 2 – The Poor Conrad peasant revolt against Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg begins in Beutelsbach. ^[5]
• May 15 – The earliest printed edition of Saxo Grammaticus' 12th century Scandinavian history Gesta Danorum , edited by Christiern Pedersen from an original found near Lund, is published as Danorum Regum heroumque Historiae, by Jodocus Badius in Paris.
• June 13 – Henry Grace à Dieu , at over 1,000 tons the largest warship in the world at this time, built at the new Woolwich Dockyard in England, is dedicated. ^{[6] [7]}

July–September

• July 14 – The Hungarian rebel leader György Dózsa is defeated in battle at Temesvár in Transylvania in Hungary (now Timișoara in Romania, and tortured over a period of six days until his death. Condemning Dózsa's ambition to be king, Hungary's monarch Stephen VIII Báthory orders that Dózsa be tied to an iron throne over a fire, then forced to wear a red-hot metal crown. ^[8]
• July 20 – King Christian II is crowned King of Norway in Oslo. This coronation will be the last in Norway for 304 years until the crowning of King Karl XIV Johan in 1818.
• August 7 – King Henry VIII of England concludes an independent peace treaty with France in the War of the League of Cambrai, negotiated by Thomas Wolsey.
• August 13 – Mary Tudor, sister of King Henry VIII, is married by proxy to France's King Louis XII in accordane with the August 7 peace treaty.
• August 23 – Battle of Chaldiran: Selim I crushes the Persian army of Shah Ismail I.
• September 7 – The Ottoman Army, commanded by the Sultan Selim I, arrives at Tabriz, capital of Safavid Iran and accepts the surrender of Shah Ismail.
• September 8 – Forces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland, backed by Belarusians, with 30,000 troops, defeat the larger Russian army of the Grand Duchy of Moscow (80,000 soldiers) in the Battle of Orsha. ^{[9] [10]}
• September 15 – Thomas Wolsey is appointed Archbishop of York in England. ^[11]

October–December

• October 9 – King Louis XII of France marries Mary Tudor (sister of King Henry VIII of England) at Abbeville, as part of the Kingdom of England's peace with France. ^[12]
• November 5 – Mary Tudor is formally crowned as the Queen consort of France. ^[11]
• November 23 – King Henry VIII of summons the English Parliament, to assemble at Westminster on February 5.
• November 28 – Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha steps down as Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
• December 4 – Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca and Pietro Martire d'Anghiera complete the first printed map of Central America as they record their data from the Pinzón–Solís voyage of 1508-1509.
• December 18 – Ottoman General Dukaginzade Ahmed Pasha is appointed by the Sultan Selmi I as the new Grand Vizier, but serves for less than three months before he is removed and executed.
• December 29 – Giovanni Carlo Tramontano, Count of Matera, is assassinated in Matera, the day after demanding that the aristocracy and people of his realm pay 24,000 ducates in taxes to clear up his personal debts. ^[13]

Date unknown

• Albrecht Dürer makes his famous engraving Melencolia I .
• Paolo Ricci (Camillo Renato) moves to Augsburg.
• Nicolaus Copernicus's Commentariolus , outlining his theory of heliocentrism, is written by this date.

Births

Andreas Vesalius

• January 1 – George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, Scottish noble (d. 1562)
• January 23 – Hai Rui, Chinese official of the Ming Dynasty (d. 1587)
• January 27 – Bernardino Maffei, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1553)
• February 8 – Daniele Barbaro, Venetian churchman, diplomat and scholar (d. 1570)
• February 10 – Domenico Bollani, Bishop of Milan (d. 1579)
• February 16 – Georg Joachim Rheticus, Austrian cartographer and scientific instrument maker (d. 1574)
• February 22 – Tahmasp I, Shah of Iran (d. 1576)
• February 22 – Johannes Gigas, German theologian (d. 1581)
• February 26 – Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, German Catholic cardinal (d. 1573)
• March 8 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1561)
• March 23 – Lorenzino de' Medici, Italian writer and assassin (d. 1548)
• April 2 – Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, Italian condottiero (d. 1574)
• April 5 – Joachim Mörlin, German bishop (d. 1571)
• April 30 – Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross, Scottish prince (d. 1515)
• May 28 – Shimazu Takahisa, daimyō and fifteenth head of the Shimazu clan (d. 1571)
• June 16 – John Cheke, English classical scholar and statesman (d. 1557)
• August 29 – García Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Marquis of Villafranca, Spanish noble and admiral (d. 1577)
• September 12 – Philip, Duke of Mecklenburg, (d. 1557)
• September 20 – Philipp IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1590)
• September 24 – Prospero Santacroce, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1589)
• October 7 – Queen Inseong, Korean royal consort (d. 1578)
• October 31 – Wolfgang Lazius, Austrian historian (d. 1565)
• November 29 – Andreas Musculus, German theologian (d. 1581)
• November 30 – Andreas Masius, German Catholic priest (d. 1573)
• December 31 – Andreas Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (d. 1564)
• date unknown
  • Hosokawa Harumoto, Japanese military leader (d. 1563)
  • George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, Scottish nobleman (d. 1562)
  • Charles de Mornay, Swedish (originally French) court official, diplomat and royal favorite (d. 1574)
  • John Knox, Scottish clergyman, theologian and writer (d. 1572)
  • Barbara Uthmann, German businessperson (d. 1575)

Deaths

Donato Bramante

• January 2 – William Smyth, English bishop and statesman (b. 1460)
• January 9 – Anne of Brittany, queen of Charles VIII of France and Louis XII of France (b. 1477) ^[14]
• March 11 – Donato Bramante, Italian architect (b. 1444) ^[15]
• April 21 – Ichijō Fuyuyoshi, Japanese court noble (b. 1465)
• May 3 – Anna of Brandenburg, Duchess consort of Schleswig and Holstein (b. 1487)
• June 23 – Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1463)
• June 25 – Suster Bertken Dutch anchorite (b. 1426)
• July 20 – György Dózsa, Transylvanian peasant revolt leader (b. 1470)
• October 21 – Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Count of Veldenz (1489–1514) (b. 1462)
• October 25 – William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and statesman (b. 1431)
• November 28 – Hartmann Schedel, German cartographer (b. 1440)
• date unknown
  • Agnes Fingerin, German philanthropist and businessperson

References

1. The Unesco Courier. Unesco. 1996. p. 17.
2. Ventura, Angelo (1963). "Badoer, Giacomo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 5: Bacca–Baratta (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. OCLC   883370.
3. Catherine Charlotte, Lady Jackson, The Court of France in the Sixteenth Century, 1514-1539 (Joseph Knight Company, 1896) p.20
4. Jørgensen, G. (1901). Dronning Elisabeth af Danmark (in Danish). G.E.C. Gad. pp. 46–47. ISBN   978-1172156450.
5. Paul Warde (June 29, 2006). Ecology, Economy and State Formation in Early Modern Germany. Cambridge University Press. p. 200. ISBN   978-1-139-45773-6.
6. Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 139–142. ISBN   0-7126-5616-2.
7. Paine, Lincoln P. (1997). Ships of the World: an Historical Encyclopedia. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN   0-85177-739-2.
8.  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Dozsa, György". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 462.
9. Plewczyński, Marek (2016). "The Battle of Orsha 8th September 1514". In Jasiński, Grzegorz; Włodarkiewicz, Wojciech (eds.). Polish battles and campaigns in 13th–19th centuries (PDF). Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej im. płk. dypl. Mariana Porwita Stowarzyszenie Historyków Wojskowości. p. 41. ISBN   978-83-65409-12-6.
10. Polish Perspectives. Pałac Kultury i Nauki. 1978. p. 79.
11. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 197–204. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
12. Perry, Maria (2000). The Sisters of Henry VIII: The Tumultuous Lives of Margaret of Scotland and Mary of France. Da Capo Press. p. 100. ISBN   0-306-80989-3.
13. "Tramontano, Giancarlo", by Angelantonio Spagnoletti, in Dizionario biografico degli italiani (Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2019_
14. A. S. Korteweg (2004). Splendour, Gravity & Emotion: French Medieval Manuscripts in Dutch Collections. Waanders. p. 153. ISBN   978-90-400-9630-3.
15. James Patrick (2007). Renaissance and Reformation. Marshall Cavendish. p. 140. ISBN   978-0-7614-7651-1.