Jangladesh

Not to be confused with Bangladesh.

Jangladesh
Historical region
The districts of Rajasthan. The northern-most light pink coloured region is roughly equivalent to Jangladesh, comprising the modern districts of Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, and Hanumangarh.
Country	India

Jangladesh, also known as Jangaldesh or Janglu, was a historical region in what is now northern Rajasthan. It included the present-day districts of Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, and parts of Sirsa. It was bounded on the south by Marwar and Jaisalmer, and on the east by Ajmer-Merwara. ^{[1] [2] [3]}

The term Jangladesh means "rough and dry country", and it is first mentioned in the Mahabharata , although it does not mention an exact location. Later Sanskrit texts, such as Bhava Prakasha and Shabdakalpadruma Kosha, suggested that the land was a hot, arid region, where trees grow with little water. ^[4]

History

The core territory of the Chahamanas of Shakambhari (551-1192 CE) was in this region, and it was known as both Sapadalaksha and Jangala-desha. ^{[4] [5]}

Between the 10th and 12th centuries, the political landscape had changed. Much of the northern and western regions were ruled by the Bhati Rajputs. Around Bhatner, there were many settlements of Muslim Bhattis and Johiyas. The remaining regions were controlled by Jats, who were ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customs. ^{[6] [7] [8]}

In the 15th century, Rao Bika, emboldened by the prophecies of Karni Mata, successfully led a coalition of Rathores, Charans, and Godara Jats, and captured the region. As a result, most Jat chieftains had to accept the suzerainty of the Bikaner State. Bika also saved the Jats from the predations of the Bhatis, acting as their buffer. ^{[1] [9] [ clarification needed ]} The region was subsequently renamed to Bikaner, and would later be incorporated into the Rajputana Agency.

States

Sidhmukh State

The Sidhmukh State (1068 - 17th century) was established by the Hindu Jat adventurer Rao Kasupal Kaswan of Mandore. In 1068 AD, Kasupal attacked the Mohil Rajput principality of Chhapar with 5000 soldiers, ^[10] and then marched on Sidhmukh, establishing his rule after defeating Ranjit Singh Johiya. ^[2] Thus, he established Kaswan Jat rule over Sidhmukh and its environs. Kasupal then moved towards Satyu and killed 7 Chauhan chiefs, capturing their territories.^{[ citation needed ]}

See also

• Bagar (region)
• Bikaner State
• History of Rajasthan
• History of Haryana
• Shekhawati

References

1. Jibraeil (2006). "Position of Jats in Churu Region". In Singh, Vir (ed.). Jats: Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North-West India. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Originals. p. 223. ISBN   978-81-88629-51-0.
2. Singh, Karni (1974). The Relations of the House of Bikaner with the Central Powers, 1465-1949. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 12. ISBN   978-0-8364-0457-9. "The old name of the territories which went to constitute the Rathore principality of Bikaner, had been 'Jangal Desh'.
3. Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. p. 6. ISBN   978-81-291-0890-6. In a different context, a part of the desert land now part of the administrative division of Bikaner was apparently known as 'Jangal' (also 'Jangal-desh).
4. Har Bilas Sarda (1935). Speeches And Writings Har Bilas Sarda. Ajmer: Vedic Yantralaya.
5. For a theorized map of the Chahamana territory: Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 147, map XIV.3 (d). ISBN   0226742210. Archived from the original on 5 June 2021.
6. Sharma, Dasharatha (1966). Rajasthan Through the Ages: From the earliest times to 1316 A.D. Bikaner: Rajasthan State Archives. pp. 287–288. There is good reason to believe that parts of the present north-eastern and north-western Rajasthan were inhabited by Jat clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law.
7. Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. p. 385. ISBN   978-81-291-0890-6. the Bhatis who controlled the territories to the north and west while to the east, north-east and south east were the settlements of different Jat clans...around this renowned Bhatner were the settlements of the chiefly muslim Bhattis, Johiyas and others.
8. Jibraeil (2006). "Position of Jats in Churu Region". In Singh, Vir (ed.). Jats: Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North-West India. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Originals. pp. 221–223. ISBN   978-81-88629-51-0.
9. Kothiyal, Tanuja (2016). Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian. Cambridge University Press. p. 78. ISBN   9781107080317 . Retrieved 17 September 2020.
10. Qanungo, Kalika Ranjan; Kānūnago, Kālikā Rañjana (1960). Studies in Rajput History. S. Chand. p. 60. whereas the Jats lived in the Jangal-desh (a portion of ancient Kuru-Jangal region), which covers Bikanir and some portion of the Jodhpur State.