1418

John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, is assassinated shortly after taking control of Paris, setting off a massacre of thousands of the Armagnacs who supported King Charles

1418 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1418 MCDXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2171
Armenian calendar	867 ԹՎ ՊԿԷ
Assyrian calendar	6168
Balinese saka calendar	1339–1340
Bengali calendar	824–825
Berber calendar	2368
English Regnal year	5  Hen. 5  – 6  Hen. 5
Buddhist calendar	1962
Burmese calendar	780
Byzantine calendar	6926–6927
Chinese calendar	丁酉年 (Fire  Rooster) 4115 or 3908     — to — 戊戌年 (Earth  Dog) 4116 or 3909
Coptic calendar	1134–1135
Discordian calendar	2584
Ethiopian calendar	1410–1411
Hebrew calendar	5178–5179
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1474–1475
- Shaka Samvat	1339–1340
- Kali Yuga	4518–4519
Holocene calendar	11418
Igbo calendar	418–419
Iranian calendar	796–797
Islamic calendar	820–821
Japanese calendar	Ōei 25 (応永２５年)
Javanese calendar	1332–1333
Julian calendar	1418 MCDXVIII
Korean calendar	3751
Minguo calendar	494 before ROC 民前494年
Nanakshahi calendar	−50
Thai solar calendar	1960–1961
Tibetan calendar	མེ་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ (female Fire-Bird) 1544 or 1163 or 391     — to — ས་ཕོ་ཁྱི་ལོ་ (male Earth-Dog) 1545 or 1164 or 392

Year 1418 ( MCDXVIII ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 31 – Mircea I, Prince of Wallachia (now part of southern Romania), dies after a reign of 21 years and is succeeded by his son, Mihail I. ^[1]
• February 7 – The Lam Sơn uprising in Chinese-occupied Vietnam beginsduring the Tết holiday as a group of 18 men led by Lê Lợi begin a nine year rebellion against Ming dynasty China. ^[2]
• February 20 – At Srinagar, in what is now India, Zayn al-Abidin, already the vizier (Wazir) of the Kashmir Sultanate, is crowned as the new Sultan after he overthrows his older brother, the Sultan Ali Shah Miri. ^[3]
• March 21 – The Concordats of Constance are approved by the Council of Constance for signing by the various parties. ^[4]
• March 24 – Švitrigaila of Lithuania, son of the late Grand Duke Algirdas, is freed after nine years imprisonment at Lithuania's Kremenets Castle after a group of 500 soldiers, led by Dashko Ostrogski, storm the castle. ^[5]

April–June

• April 15 – The delegates from France and Germany sign the Concordats. ^[6]
• April 22 – The Council of Constance ends. ^[7]
• May 13 – Spain approves and signs the Concordats of Constance. ^[6]
• May 29 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War:John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, captures Paris, forcing King Charles VI to flee from the violence of John's partisans. ^[8]
• June 3 – Because of the rebellion of his son, Grand Prince Yangnyeong (Yi Che), King Taejong of Korea permanently disowns Yangnyeong as heir to the throne. ^[9]
• June 12 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac, is assassinated by the Burgundian followers of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, and a massacre of suspected Armagnacs begins, with more than 1,000 and perhaps as many as 5,000 civilians killed. ^[10]

July–September

• July 8 – Chungnyeong is named by his father, King Taejong of Korea, as the new heir to the throne as Grand Prince, replacing Yangnyeong. ^[11]
• July 12 – England approves and signs the Concordats of Constance. ^[6]
• July 29 – The Army of England, led by King Henry V, begins the siege of Rouen, the capital of Normandy in France. The siege lasts almost six months before the Burgundian French defenders surrender ^[12]
• August 10 – King Taejong, ruler of the kingdom of Joseon that encompasses most of Korea, agrees to abdicate his throne in order for his son Prince Yi Do to become the new monarch. Taejong then becomes the King Emeritus (Sangwang).

• August 21 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: The massacre of the Armagnacs ends in Paris after as many as 5,000 people have been killed in retaliation for the assassination of John the Fearless. ^[10]
• August 23 – Beatrice Lascaris di Tenda, Duchess of Milan as the wife of the Duke Filippo Maria Visconti, is secretly arrested for adultery and removed from the walled city of Milan while its gates are locked. ^[13] On her husband's orders, she is transferred to the Castello Visconteo in nearby Binasco, where she, two of her maidens, and her lover, the troubadour Michele Orombelli, are tortured. Beatrice is beheaded on September 13, and her three accomplices are put to death on the same day.
• September 13 – Commissioned by the Sultan Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh of Egypt and supervised by the Shaykh's Emir Abu Bakr al-Yaghmuri, the rebuilding of the Ibn Uthman Mosque begins in Gaza City. ^[14] The Mosque will be completed in 1431 but will be destroyed almost 600 years later in 2024 by an airstrike from the State of Israel.
• September 18 – Prince Yi Do, son of Korea's King Emeritus Taejong, is enthroned as King Sejong, and will make major reforms during his reign of more than 30 years. ^{[15] [16]}

October–December

• October 2 – Sim On is appointed as the new Chief State Councillor of Korea (Yeonguijeong) by the new monarch, King Sejong, but is only in power for three months before being arrested and subsequently executed. ^[17]
• October 30 – The Byzantine Empire and the Republic of Venice sign a treaty of commerce. ^[18]
• November 21 – Brandenburg–Pomeranian conflict: In Germany, the Treaty of Ueckermünde is signed by the Dukes of Pomerania-Stettin (Otto II and Casimir V) with the Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Albert V), Mecklenburg-Werle (Lord Christopher) and Mecklenburg-Stargard (John III) to ally against the Electorate of Brandenburg, ruled by the House of Hohenzollern elector Friedrich I ^[19]
• December 28 – The Dauphin Charles, crown prince of France, reclaims the city of Tours from the Burgundians after a month-long siege. ^[20]
• December 30 – The Ming Chinese explorers, commanded by Admiral Zheng He, arrive in Yemen to open trade with the Arab kingdom, and the admiral is brought to the court of the Emir Al Malik al Nasir. ^[21] The Chinese stay until January 27.

Date unknown

• João Gonçalves Zarco leads one of the first Portuguese expeditions to the Madeira Islands.

Births

• January 9 – Juan Ramón Folch III de Cardona, Aragonese admiral (d. 1485)
• March 14 – Philip II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1429–1492) (d. 1492)
• April 20 – Earl David of Rookwood
• May 16 – John II of Cyprus, King of Cyprus and Armenia and also titular King of Jerusalem from 1432 to 1458 (d. 1458)
• August 5 – Malatesta Novello, Italian condottiero (d. 1465)
• September 24 – Anne of Cyprus, Italian noble (d. 1462)
• November 2 – Gaspare Nadi, Italian builder famous for his diary (diario) (d. 1504)
• November 20 – Robert de Morley, 6th Baron Morley, Lord of Morley Saint Botolph (d. 1442)
• December 8 – Queen Jeonghui, Queen consort of Korea (d. 1483)
• December 12 – Archduke Albert VI of Austria (d. 1463)
• date unknown– Peter II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1457)
  • Isotta Nogarola, Italian writer and intellectual (d. 1466)

Deaths

• January 31 – Mircea I of Wallachia, ruler of Wallachia (b. 1355)
• March 22 – Dietrich of Nieheim, German historian
• June 2 – Katherine of Lancaster, queen of Henry III of Castile
• June 12 – Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac, Constable of France (b. 1360)
• November 25 – Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset (b. 1401)
• December 11 – Louis of Piedmont (b. 1364)
• date unknown
  • Ixtlilxochitl I, ruler of the Mesoamerican city-state of Texcoco, and ally of the Aztecs. ^[22]
  • Foelke Kampana, Frisian lady and regent (b. 1355)

References

1. Treptow, Kurt W. (2000). Vlad III Dracula: The Life and Times of the Historical Dracula. The Center of Romanian Studies. p. 37. ISBN   973-98392-2-3.
2. Anderson, James A. (2020), "The Ming invasion of Vietnam, 1407–1427", in Kang, David C.; Haggard, Stephan (eds.), East Asia in the World: Twelve Events That Shaped the Modern International Order, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 92, ISBN   978-1-108-47987-5
3. Hasan, Mohibbul (2005) [first published 1959], Kashmir Under the Sultans (Reprinted ed.), Delhi: Aakar Books, p. 70, ISBN   978-81-87879-49-7
4. Mandell Creighton, A History of the Papacy during the Period of the Reformation, Vol. I: The Great Schism—The Council of Constance, 1378–1418 (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1882), pp. 406–407.
5. Matusas, Jonas (1991). Švitrigaila Lietuvos didysis kunigaikštis (Svitrigaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania) (2nd ed.). Vilnius: Mintis. p. 166. ISBN   5-417-00473-1.
6. Giovanni Mercati, ed., Raccolta di concordati su materie ecclesiastiche tra la Santa Sede e le autorità civili, 1098–1914 (Vatican City, 1954), vol. I, pp. 144–168
7. Reich, Emil (1915). Select Documents Illustrating Mediæval and Modern History (in French). P.S. King & Son. pp. 197–198.
8. Vaughan, Richard (2005). John the Fearless. The Dukes of Burgundy. Vol. 2 (reprinted new ed.). Boydell Press. p. 263. ISBN   978-0851159164.
9. Park, Hong-Kyu (December 22, 2006). "King Taejong as a statesman: From power to authority". Korea Journal. 46 (4). Retrieved 28 October 2021.
10. Sizer, Michael (2007). "The Calamity of Violence: Reading the Paris Massacres of 1418". Proceedings of the Western Society for French History. 35. Michigan Publishing.
11. Hong Yi-Seop, Sejong the Great (Seoul: Sejong the Great Memorial Society, 2011), p.18
12. Wagner, J. A. (2006). Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 322. ISBN   0-313-32736-X. OCLC   65205034.
13. Corio, Bernardino (1565) [1503]. Historia cōtinente da lorigine di Milano tutti li gesti, fatti, e detti preclari [History from the origin of Milan to all the gestures, facts, and famous sayings] (in Italian). Venice: Giorgio De Cavalli. OCLC   165998125 – via Munich Digitization Center (MDZ). (reprinted 1856)
14. Sharon, Moshe (2009). Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, G. Vol. 4. BRILL. p. 155. ISBN   978-90-04-17085-8.
15. "The 4th king of Joseon (reign: 1418-1450)", in Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (The Academy of Korean Studies, 2014)
16. Hong Yi-Seop, Sejong the Great (Seoul: Sejong the Great Memorial Society, 2011), p.19
17. "Kang et al. Are Interrogated And Shim On Is Identified As Ringleader". Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty. National Institute of Korean History.
18. Trapp, Erich; Beyer, Hans-Veit; Walther, Rainer; Sturm-Schnabl, Katja; Kislinger, Ewald; Leontiadis, Ioannis; Kaplaneres, Sokrates (1976–1996). "29091. Tóρια 'Ιλαρíων". Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit (in German). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. ISBN   3-7001-3003-1.
19. Heitz, Gerhard; Rischer, Henning (1995). Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (in German). Münster-Berlin: Koehler&Amelang. p. 190. ISBN   3-7338-0195-4.
20. Chevalier 1985 , pp. 111–112, La naissance de la bonne ville : XIIIe au XVe siècle
21. Ray, Haraprasad (1987b). "The Eighth Voyage of the Dragon that Never Was: An Enquiry into the Causes of Cessation of Voyages During Early Ming Dynasty". China Report. 23 (2): 157–178. doi:10.1177/000944558702300202. S2CID   155029177.
22. "Ixtlilxochitl I."  . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography . Vol. III. 1900. p. 371.

Works cited

• Chevalier, Bernard (1985). Histoire de Tours (in French). Toulouse: Privat. ISBN   2-7089-8224-9.