Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010

Last updated
Solar eclipse of January 15, 2010
Solar annular eclipse of January 15, 2010 in Jinan, China.jpg
Annularity from Jinan, China
SE2010Jan15A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma 0.4002
Magnitude 0.919
Maximum eclipse
Duration668 s (11 min 8 s)
Coordinates 1°36′N69°18′E / 1.6°N 69.3°E / 1.6; 69.3
Max. width of band333 km (207 mi)
Times (UTC)
(P1) Partial begin4:05:28
(U1) Total begin5:13:55
Greatest eclipse7:07:39
(U4) Total end8:59:04
(P4) Partial end10:07:35
References
Saros 141 (23 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9529

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, January 15, 2010, [1] [2] [3] with a magnitude of 0.919. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.75 days before apogee (on January 17, 2010, at 1:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. [4]

Contents

This was the longest annular solar eclipse of the millennium, [5] and the longest until December 23, 3043, with the length of maximum eclipse of 11 minutes, 7.8 seconds, and the longest duration of 11 minutes, 10.7 seconds. [6] This is about 4 minutes longer than total solar eclipses could ever get. (The solar eclipse of January 4, 1992, was longer, at 11 minutes, 40.9 seconds, occurring in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.) [7]

It was seen as an annular eclipse within a narrow stretch of 300 km (190 mi) width across the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, the Maldives, South Kerala (India), South Tamil Nadu (India), Sri Lanka and parts of Bangladesh, Burma and China. The eclipse was visible as only a partial eclipse in much of Africa, Southeastern Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

Visibility of the eclipse

The eclipse in Bangui, Central African Republic at sunrise Solar annular eclipse of January 15, 2010 in Bangui, Central African Republic.JPG
The eclipse in Bangui, Central African Republic at sunrise

The eclipse started in the Central African Republic near the border with Chad, traversed DR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, passed through the northern tip of Tanzania, southwestern Somalia and three islands of Seychelles (Bird, Denis and Aride), before it entered the Indian Ocean, where it reached its greatest visibility. It then passed through Maldives. The annular eclipse at Malé, the capital city of the country, started at 12:20:17 and ended at 12:31:02 local time (UTC+5), lasting for 10 minutes and 45 seconds (645 seconds). This was also the longest duration of any eclipse with an international airport in its track. [8]

At approximately 13:20 IST, the annular solar eclipse entered India at Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), the capital of Kerala and exited India at Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.

The eclipse was viewable for 10 minutes in India. After Rameswaram, it entered Sri Lanka at Delft Island, exited at Jaffna in Sri Lanka, crossed the Bay of Bengal and re-entered India in Mizoram.

The eclipse from Thiruvananthapuram, India where the eclipse was 92% Eclipse5.jpg
The eclipse from Thiruvananthapuram, India where the eclipse was 92%

Thiruvananthapuram, which was the entry point of the eclipse in India, was equipped with telescopes and announced facilities for the public to view the eclipse. [9] Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, situated in Trivandrum, analysed the atmospheric-ionospheric parameters during the eclipse. [10] Many scientists camped in the city to witness and study the eclipse. [11]

At Rameswaram, the sunrise was not visible due to thick clouds, but it started getting clear at around 9 am local time and became almost totally clear by the time the eclipse began. The sky had a thin layer of cirrus clouds till 2:30 pm. Among the eclipse-watchers was Sky Watchers' Association of North Bengal (SWAN) from Siliguri at the foothills of West Bengal and Tamil Nadu Astronomical Association.

Dhanushkodi, which falls on the central line of the eclipse, was a good place to view the eclipse. The northernmost limit of shadow in India was Cuddalore, Neyveli, Erode, Kodaikanal, and Madurai. Other prime viewing locations in Tamil Nadu include Thoothukudi and Cape Comorin, 22 km north of the center line. The exact location of the line is between the NH end and the Dhanushkodi ruins. Dhanushkodi is about 2 km east of the central line. The degree difference is about 0.2 between the central line – with Kodandaramar Temple and Dhanushkodi ruins vice versa. Dhanushkodi is about 5 km from the Kodandaramar Temple.

After South Asia, the antumbra passed through the southern tip of Bangladesh, Myanmar and China before leaving the Earth.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [12]

January 15, 2010 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact2010 January 15 at 04:06:33.7 UTC
First Umbral External Contact2010 January 15 at 05:15:01.1 UTC
First Central Line2010 January 15 at 05:18:40.9 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact2010 January 15 at 05:22:22.0 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact2010 January 15 at 06:51:13.0 UTC
Greatest Duration2010 January 15 at 06:55:35.8 UTC
Greatest Eclipse2010 January 15 at 07:07:39.2 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction2010 January 15 at 07:12:28.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction2010 January 15 at 07:21:27.5 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact2010 January 15 at 07:23:43.9 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact2010 January 15 at 08:52:46.6 UTC
Last Central Line2010 January 15 at 08:56:28.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact2010 January 15 at 09:00:10.0 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact2010 January 15 at 10:08:41.4 UTC
January 15, 2010 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.91903
Eclipse Obscuration0.84462
Gamma0.40016
Sun Right Ascension19h47m51.0s
Sun Declination-21°07'38.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'15.5"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension19h47m25.3s
Moon Declination-20°46'54.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter14'44.3"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°54'05.4"
ΔT66.0 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of December 2009–January 2010
December 31
Descending node (full moon)
January 15
Ascending node (new moon)
Lunar eclipse chart close-2009Dec31.png SE2010Jan15A.png
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 115
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 141

Eclipses in 2010

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 141

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 2008–2011

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [13]

The partial solar eclipses on June 1, 2011 and November 25, 2011 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2008 to 2011
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
121
Solar eclipse 2008Feb07-New Zealand-partial-Greg Hewgill.jpg
Partial in Christchurch, New Zealand
February 7, 2008
SE2008Feb07A.png
Annular
−0.95701126
Corona.jpg
Totality in Kumul, Xinjiang, China
August 1, 2008
SE2008Aug01T.png
Total
0.83070
131
Annular solar eclipse pky.png
Annularity in Palangka Raya, Indonesia
January 26, 2009
SE2009Jan26A.png
Annular
−0.28197136
Solar eclipse 22 July 2009 taken by Lutfar Rahman Nirjhar from Bangladesh.jpg
Totality in Kurigram District, Bangladesh
July 22, 2009
SE2009Jul22T.png
Total
0.06977
141
Solar annular eclipse of January 15, 2010 in Jinan, China.jpg
Annularity in Jinan, Shandong, China
January 15, 2010
SE2010Jan15A.png
Annular
0.40016146
Eclipse 2010 Hao 1.JPG
Totality in Hao, French Polynesia
July 11, 2010
SE2010Jul11T.png
Total
−0.67877
151
Solar eclipse poland 4thjan2011.jpg
Partial in Poland
January 4, 2011
SE2011Jan04P.png
Partial
1.06265156 July 1, 2001
SE2011Jul01P.png
Partial
−1.49171

Saros 141

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 141, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 19, 1613. It contains annular eclipses from August 4, 1739 through October 14, 2640. There are no hybrid or total eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 13, 2857. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 20 at 12 minutes, 9 seconds on December 14, 1955. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [14]

Series members 12–33 occur between 1801 and 2200:
121314
SE1811Sep17A.png
September 17, 1811
SE1829Sep28A.png
September 28, 1829
SE1847Oct09A.png
October 9, 1847
151617
SE1865Oct19A.png
October 19, 1865
SE1883Oct30A.png
October 30, 1883
SE1901Nov11A.png
November 11, 1901
181920
SE1919Nov22A.png
November 22, 1919
SE1937Dec02A.png
December 2, 1937
SE1955Dec14A.png
December 14, 1955
212223
SE1973Dec24A.png
December 24, 1973
SE1992Jan04A.png
January 4, 1992
SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
242526
SE2028Jan26A.png
January 26, 2028
SE2046Feb05A.png
February 5, 2046
SE2064Feb17A.png
February 17, 2064
272829
SE2082Feb27A.png
February 27, 2082
SE2100Mar10A.png
March 10, 2100
SE2118Mar22A.png
March 22, 2118
303132
SE2136Apr01A.png
April 1, 2136
SE2154Apr12A.png
April 12, 2154
SE2172Apr23A.png
April 23, 2172
33
SE2190May04A.png
May 4, 2190

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

20 eclipse events between June 10, 1964 and August 21, 2036
June 10–11March 28–29January 14–16November 3August 21–22
117119121123125
SE1964Jun10P.png
June 10, 1964
SE1968Mar28P.png
March 28, 1968
SE1972Jan16A.png
January 16, 1972
SE1975Nov03P.png
November 3, 1975
SE1979Aug22A.png
August 22, 1979
127129131133135
SE1983Jun11T.png
June 11, 1983
SE1987Mar29H.png
March 29, 1987
SE1991Jan15A.png
January 15, 1991
SE1994Nov03T.png
November 3, 1994
SE1998Aug22A.png
August 22, 1998
137139141143145
SE2002Jun10A.png
June 10, 2002
SE2006Mar29T.png
March 29, 2006
SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
SE2013Nov03H.png
November 3, 2013
SE2017Aug21T.png
August 21, 2017
147149151153155
SE2021Jun10A.png
June 10, 2021
SE2025Mar29P.png
March 29, 2025
SE2029Jan14P.png
January 14, 2029
SE2032Nov03P.png
November 3, 2032
SE2036Aug21P.png
August 21, 2036

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1802Aug28A.png
August 28, 1802
(Saros 122)
SE1813Jul27T.gif
July 27, 1813
(Saros 123)
SE1824Jun26T.png
June 26, 1824
(Saros 124)
SE1835May27A.gif
May 27, 1835
(Saros 125)
SE1846Apr25H.gif
April 25, 1846
(Saros 126)
SE1857Mar25T.png
March 25, 1857
(Saros 127)
SE1868Feb23A.gif
February 23, 1868
(Saros 128)
SE1879Jan22A.gif
January 22, 1879
(Saros 129)
SE1889Dec22T.png
December 22, 1889
(Saros 130)
SE1900Nov22A.png
November 22, 1900
(Saros 131)
SE1911Oct22A.png
October 22, 1911
(Saros 132)
SE1922Sep21T.png
September 21, 1922
(Saros 133)
SE1933Aug21A.png
August 21, 1933
(Saros 134)
SE1944Jul20A.png
July 20, 1944
(Saros 135)
SE1955Jun20T.png
June 20, 1955
(Saros 136)
SE1966May20A.png
May 20, 1966
(Saros 137)
SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977
(Saros 138)
SE1988Mar18T.png
March 18, 1988
(Saros 139)
SE1999Feb16A.png
February 16, 1999
(Saros 140)
SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
(Saros 141)
SE2020Dec14T.png
December 14, 2020
(Saros 142)
SE2031Nov14H.png
November 14, 2031
(Saros 143)
SE2042Oct14A.png
October 14, 2042
(Saros 144)
SE2053Sep12T.png
September 12, 2053
(Saros 145)
SE2064Aug12T.png
August 12, 2064
(Saros 146)
SE2075Jul13A.png
July 13, 2075
(Saros 147)
SE2086Jun11T.png
June 11, 2086
(Saros 148)
SE2097May11T.png
May 11, 2097
(Saros 149)
Saros150 22van71 SE2108Apr11P.jpg
April 11, 2108
(Saros 150)
Saros151 20van72 SE2119Mar11A.jpg
March 11, 2119
(Saros 151)
Saros152 19van70 SE2130Feb08T.jpg
February 8, 2130
(Saros 152)
SE2141Jan08A.png
January 8, 2141
(Saros 153)
Saros154 14van71 SE2151Dec08A.jpg
December 8, 2151
(Saros 154)
Saros155 14van71 SE2162Nov07T.jpg
November 7, 2162
(Saros 155)
Saros156 10van69 SE2173Oct07A.jpg
October 7, 2173
(Saros 156)
SE2184Sep04A.png
September 4, 2184
(Saros 157)
Saros158 08van70 SE2195Aug05T.jpg
August 5, 2195
(Saros 158)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1807Jun06H.gif
June 6, 1807
(Saros 134)
SE1836May15A.gif
May 15, 1836
(Saros 135)
SE1865Apr25T.png
April 25, 1865
(Saros 136)
SE1894Apr06H.gif
April 6, 1894
(Saros 137)
SE1923Mar17A.png
March 17, 1923
(Saros 138)
SE1952Feb25T.png
February 25, 1952
(Saros 139)
SE1981Feb04A.png
February 4, 1981
(Saros 140)
SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
(Saros 141)
SE2038Dec26T.png
December 26, 2038
(Saros 142)
SE2067Dec06H.png
December 6, 2067
(Saros 143)
SE2096Nov15A.png
November 15, 2096
(Saros 144)
SE2125Oct26T.png
October 26, 2125
(Saros 145)
SE2154Oct07T.png
October 7, 2154
(Saros 146)
Saros147 32van80 SE2183Sep16A.jpg
September 16, 2183
(Saros 147)

Notes

  1. "January 15, 2010 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  2. "Solar eclipse dazzles Africa and Asia". Intelligencer Journal/Lancaster New Era. 2010-01-16. p. 32. Retrieved 2023-10-25 via Newspapers.com.
  3. "Thousands view solar eclipse in Africa, Asia". Tri-City Herald. 2010-01-16. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-10-25 via Newspapers.com.
  4. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  5. NASA – Solar Eclipse Search Engine
  6. Espenak, Fred. "Besselian Elements for Annular Solar Eclipse of 2010 Jan 15". NASA Eclipse Web Site.
  7. Annular Solar Eclipse Occurs on January 15, 2010
  8. NASA: Eclipses During 2010: Annular Solar Eclipse of January 15
  9. Facilities to view the solar eclipse in Trivandrum
  10. VSSC expects insights from eclipse
  11. City Bureau (January 15, 2010). "Celestial treat, a day away". The Hindu . Archived from the original on January 17, 2010.
  12. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2010 Jan 15". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  13. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  14. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 141". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Thursday, June 10, 2021, with a magnitude of 0.9435. An annular solar eclipse is a solar eclipse whose presentation looks like a ring, or annulus; it occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most, but not all, of the Sun's light. The annular eclipse was visible from parts of northeastern Canada, Greenland, the Arctic Ocean, and the Russian Far East, whilst the eclipse appeared partial from a region thousands of kilometres wide, which included northeastern North America, most of Europe, and northern Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of December 14, 1955</span> 20th-century annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, December 14, 1955, with a magnitude of 0.9176. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 24 hours before apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of November 15, 2077</span> Future annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, November 15, 2077, with a magnitude of 0.9371. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partially obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The path of annularity will cross North America and South America. This will be the 47th solar eclipse of Saros cycle 134. A small annular eclipse will cover only 93.71% of the Sun in a very broad path, 262 km wide at maximum, and will last 7 minutes and 54 seconds. Occurring only 4 days after apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of November 4, 2078</span> Future annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, November 4, 2078, with a magnitude of 0.9255. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The path of annularity will cross the Pacific Ocean, South America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of November 22, 1919</span> 20th-century annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Saturday, November 22, 1919, with a magnitude of 0.9198. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only 11 hours before apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

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