Solar eclipse of August 30, 1905

Solar eclipse of August 30, 1905
Map
Type of eclipse
Nature	Total
Gamma	0.5708
Magnitude	1.0477
Maximum eclipse
Duration	226 s (3 min 46 s)
Coordinates	42°30′N4°18′W / 42.5°N 4.3°W / 42.5; -4.3
Max. width of band	192 km (119 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse	13:07:26
References
Saros	143 (17 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000)	9293

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, August 30, 1905, ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} with a magnitude of 1.0477. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.9 days before perigee (on September 1, 1905, at 11:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. ^[5]

Totality was visible from Canada, Newfoundland Colony (now belonging to Canada), Spain, French Algeria (now Algeria), French Tunisia (now Tunisia), Ottoman Tripolitania (now Libya) include the capital Tripoli, Egypt, Ottoman Empire (the parts now belonging to Saudi Arabia) including Mecca, Emirate of Jabal Shammar (now belonging to Saudi Arabia), Aden Protectorate (now belonging to Yemen), and Muscat and Oman (now Oman). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Eastern North America, Europe, Northern Africa, Central Africa, and West Asia.

This eclipse was observed from Alcalà de Xivert in Spain. ^[6] It was also observed by members of the British Astronomical Association from various locations. ^{[7] [8]}

Observations

Teams of the United States Naval Observatory observed the eclipse from three different locations. Two were near the centerline of the path of totality: Daroca, Spain at an altitude of 2,500 feet (760 m) and Guelma, French Algeria at an altitude of 1,500 feet (460 m). The third was near the southern edge of the path of totality, at Porta Coeli Charterhouse, Valencia, Spain at an altitude of 1,000 feet (300 m). The leader and some team members departed from New York City by ship on July 3 and arrived at Grado, Asturias, a Spanish port on the northern coast on July 20, while other team members had already arrived there in advance. In the end, the weather was clear in all three locations, and the observations were successful. The team took images of the corona and observed the spectrum. ^[9]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. ^[10]

August 30, 1905 Solar Eclipse Times

Event	Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact	1905 August 30 at 10:37:28.1 UTC
First Umbral External Contact	1905 August 30 at 11:40:16.4 UTC
First Central Line	1905 August 30 at 11:41:22.2 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact	1905 August 30 at 11:42:28.2 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction	1905 August 30 at 12:50:08.0 UTC
Greatest Duration	1905 August 30 at 13:07:15.3 UTC
Greatest Eclipse	1905 August 30 at 13:07:25.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction	1905 August 30 at 13:13:19.1 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact	1905 August 30 at 14:32:33.8 UTC
Last Central Line	1905 August 30 at 14:33:41.6 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact	1905 August 30 at 14:34:49.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact	1905 August 30 at 15:37:27.7 UTC

August 30, 1905 Solar Eclipse Parameters

Parameter	Value
Eclipse Magnitude	1.04766
Eclipse Obscuration	1.09759
Gamma	0.57084
Sun Right Ascension	10h32m53.1s
Sun Declination	+09°08'33.0"
Sun Semi-Diameter	15'50.7"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax	08.7"
Moon Right Ascension	10h33m31.6s
Moon Declination	+09°41'25.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter	16'22.5"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax	1°00'05.8"
ΔT	4.8 s

Eclipse season

See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of August 1905

August 15 Descending node (full moon)	August 30 Ascending node (new moon)
Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 117	Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 143

Related eclipses

An eclipse-viewing party at Daroca

Painting by Enrique Simonet

Eclipses in 1905

• A partial lunar eclipse on February 19.
• An annular solar eclipse on March 6.
• A partial lunar eclipse on August 15.
• A total solar eclipse on August 30.

Metonic

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 11, 1901
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 17, 1909

Tzolkinex

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 18, 1898
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 10, 1912

Half-Saros

• Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of August 23, 1896
• Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 4, 1914

Tritos

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 29, 1894
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 30, 1916

Solar Saros 143

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 19, 1887
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 10, 1923

Inex

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 17, 1876
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 10, 1934

Triad

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 29, 1818
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 30, 1992

Solar eclipses of 1902–1906

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. ^[11]

The partial solar eclipses on May 7, 1902 and October 31, 1902 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on July 21, 1906 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1902 to 1906
Descending node				Ascending node
Saros	Map	Gamma		Saros	Map	Gamma
108	April 8, 1902 Partial	1.5024		113	October 1, 1902
118	March 29, 1903 Annular	0.8413		123	September 21, 1903 Total	−0.8967
128	March 17, 1904 Annular	0.1299		133	September 9, 1904 Total	−0.1625
138	March 6, 1905 Annular	−0.5768		143	August 30, 1905 Total	0.5708
148	February 23, 1906 Partial	−1.2479		153	August 20, 1906 Partial	1.3731

Saros 143

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 143, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 7, 1617. It contains total eclipses from June 24, 1797 through October 24, 1995; hybrid eclipses from November 3, 2013 through December 6, 2067; and annular eclipses from December 16, 2085 through September 16, 2536. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on April 23, 2897. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 16 at 3 minutes, 50 seconds on August 19, 1887, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 51 at 4 minutes, 54 seconds on September 6, 2518. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. ^[12]

Series members 12–33 occur between 1801 and 2200:
12	13	14
July 6, 1815	July 17, 1833	July 28, 1851
15	16	17
August 7, 1869	August 19, 1887	August 30, 1905
18	19	20
September 10, 1923	September 21, 1941	October 2, 1959
21	22	23
October 12, 1977	October 24, 1995	November 3, 2013
24	25	26
November 14, 2031	November 25, 2049	December 6, 2067
27	28	29
December 16, 2085	December 29, 2103	January 8, 2122
30	31	32
January 20, 2140	January 30, 2158	February 10, 2176
33
February 21, 2194

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

25 eclipse events between April 5, 1837 and June 17, 1928
April 5–6	January 22–23	November 10–11	August 28–30	June 17–18
107	109	111	113	115
April 5, 1837	January 22, 1841	November 10, 1844	August 28, 1848	June 17, 1852
117	119	121	123	125
April 5, 1856	January 23, 1860	November 11, 1863	August 29, 1867	June 18, 1871
127	129	131	133	135
April 6, 1875	January 22, 1879	November 10, 1882	August 29, 1886	June 17, 1890
137	139	141	143	145
April 6, 1894	January 22, 1898	November 11, 1901	August 30, 1905	June 17, 1909
147	149	151	153	155
April 6, 1913	January 23, 1917	November 10, 1920	August 30, 1924	June 17, 1928

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

The partial solar eclipses on November 16, 2134 (part of Saros 164) and October 16, 2145 (part of Saros 165) are also a part of this series but are not included in the table below.

Series members between 1801 and 2069
June 6, 1807 (Saros 134)	May 5, 1818 (Saros 135)	April 3, 1829 (Saros 136)	March 4, 1840 (Saros 137)	February 1, 1851 (Saros 138)
December 31, 1861 (Saros 139)	November 30, 1872 (Saros 140)	October 30, 1883 (Saros 141)	September 29, 1894 (Saros 142)	August 30, 1905 (Saros 143)
July 30, 1916 (Saros 144)	June 29, 1927 (Saros 145)	May 29, 1938 (Saros 146)	April 28, 1949 (Saros 147)	March 27, 1960 (Saros 148)
February 25, 1971 (Saros 149)	January 25, 1982 (Saros 150)	December 24, 1992 (Saros 151)	November 23, 2003 (Saros 152)	October 23, 2014 (Saros 153)
September 21, 2025 (Saros 154)	August 21, 2036 (Saros 155)	July 22, 2047 (Saros 156)	June 21, 2058 (Saros 157)	May 20, 2069 (Saros 158)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
October 29, 1818 (Saros 140)	October 9, 1847 (Saros 141)	September 17, 1876 (Saros 142)
August 30, 1905 (Saros 143)	August 10, 1934 (Saros 144)	July 20, 1963 (Saros 145)
June 30, 1992 (Saros 146)	June 10, 2021 (Saros 147)	May 20, 2050 (Saros 148)
May 1, 2079 (Saros 149)	April 11, 2108 (Saros 150)	March 21, 2137 (Saros 151)
March 2, 2166 (Saros 152)	February 10, 2195 (Saros 153)

Notes

1. "August 30, 1905 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
2. "The Coming Total Solar Eclipse Of Sun". The Brantford Weekly Expositor. Brantford, Ontario, Canada. August 31, 1905. p. 12. Retrieved October 27, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
3. "OBSERVERS' SUCCESS. DETAILS OF THE ECLIPSE FROM SOUTHERN STATIONS". Evening Standard. London, Greater London, England. August 31, 1905. p. 12. Retrieved October 27, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
4. "OLD SOL'S TOTAL ECLIPSE". The Sabetha Republican-Herald. Sabetha, Kansas. August 31, 1905. p. 6. Retrieved October 27, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
5. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
6. Fabricio Cardenas, Vieux papiers des Pyrénées-Orientales, Eclipse solaire de 1905 à Perpignan, 20 March 2015
7. British Astronomical Association; Levander, Frederick William (1906). The total solar eclipse 1905 : Reports of observations made by members of the British Astronomical Association of the total solar eclipse of 1905, August 30. University of California Libraries. London : British Astronomical Association.
8. "Page 8". The Guardian. London, Greater London, England. August 31, 1905. p. 8. Retrieved October 27, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
9. Colby M. Chester. "General report of the eclipse expedition in 1905". Publications of the U.S. Naval Observatory. Second Series. 10: B.11–B.13. Archived from the original on March 27, 2017.
10. "Total Solar Eclipse of 1905 Aug 30". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
11. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
12. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 143". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

• Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
  • Google interactive map
  • Besselian elements
• The total solar eclipse 1905: Reports of observations made by members of the ... By British Astronomical Association, Frederick William Levander
• Report of the solar eclipse expedition to Palma, Majorca, August 30, 1905 ... By Solar Physics Committee, Norman Lockyer
• Sketchs of Solar Corona August 30, 1905
• Sketchs from Russia expedition for solar Corona August 30, 1905 (2) Archived August 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine