Solar eclipse of December 3, 1899

Last updated
Solar eclipse of December 3, 1899
SE1899Dec03A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma −0.9061
Magnitude 0.9836
Maximum eclipse
Duration61 s (1 min 1 s)
Coordinates 86°36′S121°30′E / 86.6°S 121.5°E / -86.6; 121.5
Max. width of band140 km (87 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse0:57:28
References
Saros 121 (54 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9280

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Saturday, December 2 and Sunday, December 3, 1899, [1] with a magnitude of 0.9836. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.25 days before perigee (on December 7, 1899, at 6:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [2]

Contents

The path of annularity was visible from parts of Antarctica. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of southern Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica.

Description

The eclipse took place in much of the southeast part of the Indian Ocean and included some of the islands and all of Antarctica (many areas had a 24-hour daylight at the time) except for the South Orkney Islands, it also included most of the south of Western Australia, a part of the southwesternmost state of Victoria and much of Tasmania except for the northeasternmost part, most of New Zealand's South Island, particularly the southern part and a part of the southern portion of the Pacific Ocean. The rim of the eclipse included the area hundreds of miles (or kilometers) from Cocos Islands and the southernmost of South America, it also included the southernmost portion of the Atlantic Ocean.

The umbral portion crossed the middle of Antarctica which was close to the South Pole and the south part of the middle of the continent's peninsula, it lasted over a minute.

The eclipse began at sunrise thousands of miles (or kilometers) offshore from Africa and west of Australia and ended at sunset at Patagonia and thousands of kilometers offshore from Chile and Peru. The greatest eclipse was in the Antarctic Peninsula north of the South Pole at 86.6 S and 121.5 E at 0:57 UTC (8:57 AM local time). [3]

It was around 65% obscured in Antarctica where the Indian and the Pacific Oceans separates.

As the moon moved towards the left on Earth in Australia and New Zealand, at the other side of Northern Antarctica that includes the 70th meridian, it was seen as it was moved towards the bottom right, in areas within the Prime Meridian, it moved right, at the peninsula, it then moved top right as the axis spun at around the 68th parallel south.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [4]

December 3, 1899 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1899 December 02 at 22:39:46.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1899 December 03 at 00:10:07.9 UTC
First Central Line1899 December 03 at 00:11:50.2 UTC
Greatest Duration1899 December 03 at 00:11:50.2 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1899 December 03 at 00:13:35.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1899 December 03 at 00:47:39.3 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1899 December 03 at 00:57:27.6 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1899 December 03 at 01:01:47.7 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1899 December 03 at 01:41:19.0 UTC
Last Central Line1899 December 03 at 01:43:01.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1899 December 03 at 01:44:41.3 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1899 December 03 at 03:15:00.7 UTC
December 3, 1899 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.98358
Eclipse Obscuration0.96744
Gamma−0.90612
Sun Right Ascension16h36m20.0s
Sun Declination-22°03'32.4"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'13.7"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension16h36m10.0s
Moon Declination-22°56'05.9"
Moon Semi-Diameter15'51.6"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°58'12.6"
ΔT-2.9 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of December 1899
December 3
Ascending node (new moon)
December 17
Descending node (full moon)
SE1899Dec03A.png
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 121
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 133

Eclipses in 1899

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 121

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1898–1902

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [5]

The solar eclipses on January 22, 1898 (total) and July 18, 1898 (annular) occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on April 8, 1902 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1898 to 1902
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
111December 13, 1898
SE1898Dec13P.gif
Partial
−1.5252116June 8, 1899
SE1899Jun08P.gif
Partial
1.2089
121 December 3, 1899
SE1899Dec03A.gif
Annular
−0.9061126
Thomas Smillie - Smithsonian Institution - Corona of the Sun during a Solar Eclipse (pd).jpg
Totality in Wadesboro, North Carolina
May 28, 1900
SE1900May28T.png
Total
0.3943
131 November 22, 1900
SE1900Nov22A.gif
Annular
−0.2245136 May 18, 1901
SE1901May18T.png
Total
−0.3626
141 November 11, 1901
SE1901Nov11A.png
Annular
0.4758146 May 7, 1902
SE1902May07P.png
Partial
−1.0831
151 October 31, 1902
SE1902Oct31P.png
Partial
1.1556

Saros 121

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 121, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 25, 944 AD. It contains total eclipses from July 10, 1070 through October 9, 1809; hybrid eclipses on October 20, 1827 and October 30, 1845; and annular eclipses from November 11, 1863 through February 28, 2044. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on June 7, 2206. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 39 at 6 minutes, 20 seconds on June 21, 1629, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 62 at 2 minutes, 27 seconds on February 28, 2044. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [6]

Series members 49–70 occur between 1801 and 2200:
495051
SE1809Oct09T.gif
October 9, 1809
SE1827Oct20H.gif
October 20, 1827
SE1845Oct30H.gif
October 30, 1845
525354
SE1863Nov11A.gif
November 11, 1863
SE1881Nov21A.png
November 21, 1881
SE1899Dec03A.png
December 3, 1899
555657
SE1917Dec14A.png
December 14, 1917
SE1935Dec25A.png
December 25, 1935
SE1954Jan05A.png
January 5, 1954
585960
SE1972Jan16A.png
January 16, 1972
SE1990Jan26A.png
January 26, 1990
SE2008Feb07A.png
February 7, 2008
616263
SE2026Feb17A.png
February 17, 2026
SE2044Feb28A.png
February 28, 2044
SE2062Mar11P.png
March 11, 2062
646566
SE2080Mar21P.png
March 21, 2080
SE2098Apr01P.png
April 1, 2098
Saros121 66van71 SE2116Apr13P.jpg
April 13, 2116
676869
Saros121 67van71 SE2134Apr24P.jpg
April 24, 2134
Saros121 68van71 SE2152May04P.jpg
May 4, 2152
Saros121 69van71 SE2170May16P.jpg
May 16, 2170
70
Saros121 70van71 SE2188May26P.jpg
May 26, 2188

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 2, 1880 and July 9, 1964
December 2–3September 20–21July 9–10April 26–28February 13–14
111113115117119
SE1880Dec02P.gif
December 2, 1880
SE1888Jul09P.gif
July 9, 1888
SE1892Apr26T.gif
April 26, 1892
SE1896Feb13A.png
February 13, 1896
121123125127129
SE1899Dec03A.gif
December 3, 1899
SE1903Sep21T.png
September 21, 1903
SE1907Jul10A.png
July 10, 1907
SE1911Apr28T.png
April 28, 1911
SE1915Feb14A.png
February 14, 1915
131133135137139
SE1918Dec03A.png
December 3, 1918
SE1922Sep21T.png
September 21, 1922
SE1926Jul09A.png
July 9, 1926
SE1930Apr28H.png
April 28, 1930
SE1934Feb14T.png
February 14, 1934
141143145147149
SE1937Dec02A.png
December 2, 1937
SE1941Sep21T.png
September 21, 1941
SE1945Jul09T.png
July 9, 1945
SE1949Apr28P.png
April 28, 1949
SE1953Feb14P.png
February 14, 1953
151153155
SE1956Dec02P.png
December 2, 1956
SE1960Sep20P.png
September 20, 1960
SE1964Jul09P.png
July 9, 1964

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1801Sep08P.png
September 8, 1801
(Saros 112)
SE1812Aug07P.gif
August 7, 1812
(Saros 113)
SE1823Jul08P.gif
July 8, 1823
(Saros 114)
SE1834Jun07P.gif
June 7, 1834
(Saros 115)
SE1845May06An.gif
May 6, 1845
(Saros 116)
SE1856Apr05T.gif
April 5, 1856
(Saros 117)
SE1867Mar06A.gif
March 6, 1867
(Saros 118)
SE1878Feb02A.gif
February 2, 1878
(Saros 119)
SE1889Jan01T.png
January 1, 1889
(Saros 120)
SE1899Dec03A.png
December 3, 1899
(Saros 121)
SE1910Nov02P.png
November 2, 1910
(Saros 122)
SE1921Oct01T.png
October 1, 1921
(Saros 123)
SE1932Aug31T.png
August 31, 1932
(Saros 124)
SE1943Aug01A.png
August 1, 1943
(Saros 125)
SE1954Jun30T.png
June 30, 1954
(Saros 126)
SE1965May30T.png
May 30, 1965
(Saros 127)
SE1976Apr29A.png
April 29, 1976
(Saros 128)
SE1987Mar29H.png
March 29, 1987
(Saros 129)
SE1998Feb26T.png
February 26, 1998
(Saros 130)
SE2009Jan26A.png
January 26, 2009
(Saros 131)
SE2019Dec26A.png
December 26, 2019
(Saros 132)
SE2030Nov25T.png
November 25, 2030
(Saros 133)
SE2041Oct25A.png
October 25, 2041
(Saros 134)
SE2052Sep22A.png
September 22, 2052
(Saros 135)
SE2063Aug24T.png
August 24, 2063
(Saros 136)
SE2074Jul24A.png
July 24, 2074
(Saros 137)
SE2085Jun22A.png
June 22, 2085
(Saros 138)
SE2096May22T.png
May 22, 2096
(Saros 139)
SE2107Apr23A.png
April 23, 2107
(Saros 140)
SE2118Mar22A.png
March 22, 2118
(Saros 141)
SE2129Feb18T.png
February 18, 2129
(Saros 142)
SE2140Jan20A.png
January 20, 2140
(Saros 143)
SE2150Dec19A.png
December 19, 2150
(Saros 144)
SE2161Nov17T.png
November 17, 2161
(Saros 145)
SE2172Oct17H.png
October 17, 2172
(Saros 146)
Saros147 32van80 SE2183Sep16A.jpg
September 16, 2183
(Saros 147)
Saros148 31van75 SE2194Aug16T.jpg
August 16, 2194
(Saros 148)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1813Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1813
(Saros 118)
SE1842Jan11A.gif
January 11, 1842
(Saros 119)
SE1870Dec22T.png
December 22, 1870
(Saros 120)
SE1899Dec03A.png
December 3, 1899
(Saros 121)
SE1928Nov12P.png
November 12, 1928
(Saros 122)
SE1957Oct23T.png
October 23, 1957
(Saros 123)
SE1986Oct03H.png
October 3, 1986
(Saros 124)
SE2015Sep13P.png
September 13, 2015
(Saros 125)
SE2044Aug23T.png
August 23, 2044
(Saros 126)
SE2073Aug03T.png
August 3, 2073
(Saros 127)
SE2102Jul15A.png
July 15, 2102
(Saros 128)
Saros129 58van80 SE2131Jun25T.jpg
June 25, 2131
(Saros 129)
SE2160Jun04T.png
June 4, 2160
(Saros 130)
SE2189May15A.png
May 15, 2189
(Saros 131)

See also

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References

  1. "Eclipses of Sun and Moon". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1899-12-03. p. 11. Retrieved 2023-10-27 via Newspapers.com.
  2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
  3. "Solar eclipse of November 21, 1881". NASA. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  4. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1899 Dec 03". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
  5. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  6. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 121". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.