Solar eclipse of November 22, 1900

Last updated
Solar eclipse of November 22, 1900
SE1900Nov22A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma −0.2245
Magnitude 0.9421
Maximum eclipse
Duration402 s (6 min 42 s)
Coordinates 33°06′S64°48′E / 33.1°S 64.8°E / -33.1; 64.8
Max. width of band220 km (140 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse7:19:43
References
Saros 131 (44 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9282

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, November 22, 1900, [1] [2] [3] with a magnitude of 0.9421. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). [4] An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. [4] Occurring about 4.5 days after apogee (on November 17, 1900, at 18:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. [5] This was also the last solar eclipse of the 19th century.

Contents

This eclipse's path traveled east, beginning in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of southern Africa, traversing the continent, and passing through the Indian Ocean [6] before terminating in Australia, in northeast Queensland. [7] Outside the center of its path, the section of the Earth from which it was visible included locations in Africa such as the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, Pretoria, [7] and the south end of Madagascar. [4] On the eastern portion of the path, it passed over the southern portion of the Philippine islands. [3]

It appeared in some form over all of Australia, [8] although only partially visible in most of it. [9] It entered near Shark Bay [4] and was partially visible in Adelaide. [4] It was observed clearly from Melbourne, where it was seen "under favorable conditions, the sky being cloudless". [10] Elsewhere in Australia, newspapers reported that it was seen from Rydal [11] and Murrumburrah in New South Wales. [12] An observer in Perth said that it was "distinctly visible", as "the sky was quite clear owing to the dimness of the sun's light. Persons out of doors could not fail to notice the eclipse." [13] The Government Astronomer, W. E. Cooke, said that "in the streets it was observed by numbers of people with the aid of a piece of smoked or neutral tinted glass, and at the Observatory the exact times of commencement and finish were noted with the aid of the large equatorial". [14]

At the time, it was claimed by Ira D. Hicks that the conjunction would "greatly increase atmospheric, electrical and seismic perturbations during the reactionary period, 21st to 23d". [15] Viewers in Australia were advised to view the Sun through smoked glass, "prepared by holding it over the flame of an ordinary wax candle or vesta". [8] It was expected to be "of little importance to astronomers for scientific purposes, excepting in showing how accurately such events may now be predicted". [8]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [16]

November 22, 1900 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1900 November 22 at 04:19:31.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1900 November 22 at 05:24:00.5 UTC
First Central Line1900 November 22 at 05:26:34.2 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1900 November 22 at 05:29:08.2 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact1900 November 22 at 06:36:53.5 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1900 November 22 at 07:17:05.1 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1900 November 22 at 07:19:42.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1900 November 22 at 07:22:44.6 UTC
Greatest Duration1900 November 22 at 07:22:49.6 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact1900 November 22 at 08:02:28.1 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1900 November 22 at 09:10:16.9 UTC
Last Central Line1900 November 22 at 09:12:48.5 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1900 November 22 at 09:15:19.8 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1900 November 22 at 10:19:46.8 UTC
November 22, 1900 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.94207
Eclipse Obscuration0.88750
Gamma−0.22450
Sun Right Ascension15h49m25.8s
Sun Declination-20°03'58.1"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'11.9"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension15h49m19.7s
Moon Declination-20°16'14.2"
Moon Semi-Diameter15'02.0"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°55'10.4"
ΔT-1.5 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of November–December 1900
November 22
Descending node (new moon)
 December 6
Ascending node (full moon)
SE1900Nov22A.png
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 131		 Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 143

Eclipses in 1900

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 131

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1898–1902

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [17]

The solar eclipses on January 22, 1898 (total) and July 18, 1898 (annular) occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on April 8, 1902 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1898 to 1902
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
111December 13, 1898
SE1898Dec13P.gif
Partial		−1.5252116June 8, 1899
SE1899Jun08P.gif
Partial		1.2089
121 December 3, 1899
SE1899Dec03A.gif
Annular		−0.9061126
Thomas Smillie - Smithsonian Institution - Corona of the Sun during a Solar Eclipse (pd).jpg
Totality in Wadesboro, North Carolina 		May 28, 1900
SE1900May28T.png
Total		0.3943
131 November 22, 1900
SE1900Nov22A.gif
Annular		−0.2245136 May 18, 1901
SE1901May18T.png
Total		−0.3626
141 November 11, 1901
SE1901Nov11A.png
Annular		0.4758146 May 7, 1902
SE1902May07P.png
Partial		−1.0831
151 October 31, 1902
SE1902Oct31P.png
Partial		1.1556

Saros 131

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 131, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 1, 1125. It contains total eclipses from March 27, 1522 through May 30, 1612; hybrid eclipses from June 10, 1630 through July 24, 1702; and annular eclipses from August 4, 1720 through June 18, 2243. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on September 2, 2369. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 28 at 58 seconds on May 30, 1612, and the longest duration of annularity was produced by member 50 at 7 minutes, 54 seconds on January 26, 2009. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [18]

Series members 39–60 occur between 1801 and 2200:
394041
SE1810Sep28A.png
September 28, 1810		 SE1828Oct09A.png
October 9, 1828		 SE1846Oct20A.png
October 20, 1846
424344
SE1864Oct30A.png
October 30, 1864		 SE1882Nov10A.png
November 10, 1882		 SE1900Nov22A.png
November 22, 1900
454647
SE1918Dec03A.png
December 3, 1918 		SE1936Dec13A.png
December 13, 1936 		SE1954Dec25A.png
December 25, 1954
484950
SE1973Jan04A.png
January 4, 1973 		SE1991Jan15A.png
January 15, 1991 		SE2009Jan26A.png
January 26, 2009
515253
SE2027Feb06A.png
February 6, 2027 		SE2045Feb16A.png
February 16, 2045 		SE2063Feb28A.png
February 28, 2063
545556
SE2081Mar10A.png
March 10, 2081 		SE2099Mar21A.png
March 21, 2099 		SE2117Apr02A.png
April 2, 2117
575859
SE2135Apr13A.png
April 13, 2135		 SE2153Apr23A.png
April 23, 2153		 SE2171May05A.png
May 5, 2171
60
SE2189May15A.png
May 15, 2189

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

23 eclipse events between February 3, 1859 and June 29, 1946
February 1–3November 21–22September 8–10June 28–29April 16–18
109111113115117
SE1859Feb03P.png
February 3, 1859		 SE1862Nov21P.gif
November 21, 1862		 SE1870Jun28P.gif
June 28, 1870		 SE1874Apr16T.gif
April 16, 1874
119121123125127
SE1878Feb02A.gif
February 2, 1878		 SE1881Nov21A.gif
November 21, 1881		 SE1885Sep08T.png
September 8, 1885 		SE1889Jun28A.png
June 28, 1889 		SE1893Apr16T.png
April 16, 1893
129131133135137
SE1897Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1897		 SE1900Nov22A.gif
November 22, 1900 		SE1904Sep09T.png
September 9, 1904 		SE1908Jun28A.png
June 28, 1908 		SE1912Apr17H.png
April 17, 1912
139141143145147
SE1916Feb03T.png
February 3, 1916 		SE1919Nov22A.png
November 22, 1919 		SE1923Sep10T.png
September 10, 1923 		SE1927Jun29T.png
June 29, 1927 		SE1931Apr18P.png
April 18, 1931
149151153155
SE1935Feb03P.png
February 3, 1935 		SE1938Nov21P.png
November 21, 1938 		SE1942Sep10P.png
September 10, 1942 		SE1946Jun29P.png
June 29, 1946

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1802Aug28A.png
August 28, 1802
(Saros 122)		 SE1813Jul27T.gif
July 27, 1813
(Saros 123)		 SE1824Jun26T.png
June 26, 1824
(Saros 124)		 SE1835May27A.gif
May 27, 1835
(Saros 125)		 SE1846Apr25H.gif
April 25, 1846
(Saros 126)
SE1857Mar25T.png
March 25, 1857
(Saros 127)		 SE1868Feb23A.gif
February 23, 1868
(Saros 128)		 SE1879Jan22A.gif
January 22, 1879
(Saros 129)		 SE1889Dec22T.png
December 22, 1889
(Saros 130)		 SE1900Nov22A.png
November 22, 1900
(Saros 131)
SE1911Oct22A.png
October 22, 1911
(Saros 132)		 SE1922Sep21T.png
September 21, 1922
(Saros 133)		 SE1933Aug21A.png
August 21, 1933
(Saros 134)		 SE1944Jul20A.png
July 20, 1944
(Saros 135)		 SE1955Jun20T.png
June 20, 1955
(Saros 136)
SE1966May20A.png
May 20, 1966
(Saros 137)		 SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977
(Saros 138)		 SE1988Mar18T.png
March 18, 1988
(Saros 139)		 SE1999Feb16A.png
February 16, 1999
(Saros 140)		 SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
(Saros 141)
SE2020Dec14T.png
December 14, 2020
(Saros 142)		 SE2031Nov14H.png
November 14, 2031
(Saros 143)		 SE2042Oct14A.png
October 14, 2042
(Saros 144)		 SE2053Sep12T.png
September 12, 2053
(Saros 145)		 SE2064Aug12T.png
August 12, 2064
(Saros 146)
SE2075Jul13A.png
July 13, 2075
(Saros 147)		 SE2086Jun11T.png
June 11, 2086
(Saros 148)		 SE2097May11T.png
May 11, 2097
(Saros 149)		 Saros150 22van71 SE2108Apr11P.jpg
April 11, 2108
(Saros 150)		 Saros151 20van72 SE2119Mar11A.jpg
March 11, 2119
(Saros 151)
Saros152 19van70 SE2130Feb08T.jpg
February 8, 2130
(Saros 152)		 SE2141Jan08A.png
January 8, 2141
(Saros 153)		 Saros154 14van71 SE2151Dec08A.jpg
December 8, 2151
(Saros 154)		 Saros155 14van71 SE2162Nov07T.jpg
November 7, 2162
(Saros 155)		 Saros156 10van69 SE2173Oct07A.jpg
October 7, 2173
(Saros 156)
SE2184Sep04A.png
September 4, 2184
(Saros 157)		 Saros158 08van70 SE2195Aug05T.jpg
August 5, 2195
(Saros 158)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1814Jan21A.gif
January 21, 1814
(Saros 128)		 SE1842Dec31A.gif
December 31, 1842
(Saros 129)		 SE1871Dec12T.gif
December 12, 1871
(Saros 130)
SE1900Nov22A.png
November 22, 1900
(Saros 131)		 SE1929Nov01A.png
November 1, 1929
(Saros 132)		 SE1958Oct12T.png
October 12, 1958
(Saros 133)
SE1987Sep23A.png
September 23, 1987
(Saros 134)		 SE2016Sep01A.png
September 1, 2016
(Saros 135)		 SE2045Aug12T.png
August 12, 2045
(Saros 136)
SE2074Jul24A.png
July 24, 2074
(Saros 137)		 SE2103Jul04A.png
July 4, 2103
(Saros 138)		 SE2132Jun13T.png
June 13, 2132
(Saros 139)
SE2161May25A.png
May 25, 2161
(Saros 140)		 SE2190May04A.png
May 4, 2190
(Saros 141)

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of July 30, 1916</span> 20th-century annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, July 30, 1916, with a magnitude of 0.9447. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 1.75 days after apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of April 6, 1913</span> 20th-century partial solar eclipse

A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, April 6, 1913, with a magnitude of 0.4244. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

References

  1. ↑ "November 22, 1900 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  2. ↑ "Saros Series 131". Catalog of Solar Eclipses. NASA. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  3. 1 2 "AN ECLIPSE TO-DAY". Minneapolis Daily Times. Minneapolis, Minnesota. 1900-11-22. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-10-27– via Newspapers.com.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "ECLIPSE OF THE SUN". South Australian Register. Adelaide, SA. 1900-11-22.
  5. ↑ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  6. ↑ "Eclipse of the Sun Tomorrow". The Plain Speaker. Hazleton, Pennsylvania. 1900-11-20. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-10-31– via Newspapers.com.
  7. 1 2 "The Eclipse of the Sun". The Perthshire Advertiser, etc. Perth, Tayside, Scotland. 1900-11-21. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-10-27– via Newspapers.com.
  8. 1 2 3 "Eclipse of the sun". The Daily Telegraph. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 1900-11-22. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-10-27– via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ "Page 4". The Macleay Chronicle. Kempsey, New South Wales, Australia. 1900-11-22. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-10-27– via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Partial eclipse of the sun". The Age. Melbourne, Victoria, Victoria, Australia. 1900-11-23. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-10-27– via Newspapers.com.
  11. ↑ "ECLIPSE OF THE SUN". Lithgow Mercury. Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia. 1900-11-23. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-10-27– via Newspapers.com.
  12. ↑ "Brevities". The Evening News. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 1900-11-24. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-10-27– via Newspapers.com.
  13. ↑ "Eclipse of the Sun". The Albany Advertiser. Western Australia. 1900-11-23. p. 3.
  14. ↑ "YESTERDAY'S ECLIPSE OF THE SUN. THE GOVERNMENT ASTRONOMER'S OBSERVATIONS". The West Australian. Perth, Western Australia. 1900-11-23. p. 5.
  15. ↑ "Forecast for November". The Missoula Democrat. Missoula, Montana. 1900-11-20. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-10-31– via Newspapers.com.
  16. ↑ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1900 Nov 22". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  17. ↑ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  18. ↑ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 131". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
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