Solar eclipse of February 14, 1934

Last updated
Solar eclipse of February 14, 1934
SE1934Feb14T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma 0.4868
Magnitude 1.0321
Maximum eclipse
Duration173 s (2 min 53 s)
Coordinates 13°12′N161°42′E / 13.2°N 161.7°E / 13.2; 161.7
Max. width of band123 km (76 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse0:38:41
References
Saros 139 (25 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9360

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Tuesday, February 13 and Wednesday, February 14, 1934, [1] with a magnitude of 1.0321. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only 1.6 days after perigee (on February 12, 1934, at 11:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. [2]

Contents

Totality was visible from the Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia), North Borneo (now belonging to Malaysia), and the South Seas Mandate of Japan (the part now belonging to FS Micronesia). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, northern Oceania, Hawaii, and western North America.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [3]

February 14, 1934 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1934 February 13 at 22:05:29.4 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1934 February 13 at 23:06:39.1 UTC
First Central Line1934 February 13 at 23:07:11.7 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1934 February 13 at 23:07:44.4 UTC
Greatest Duration1934 February 14 at 00:33:36.8 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1934 February 14 at 00:38:41.4 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1934 February 14 at 00:43:45.3 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1934 February 14 at 01:02:37.9 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1934 February 14 at 02:09:25.3 UTC
Last Central Line1934 February 14 at 02:09:56.3 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1934 February 14 at 02:10:27.3 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1934 February 14 at 03:11:47.3 UTC
February 14, 1934 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.03214
Eclipse Obscuration1.06531
Gamma0.48681
Sun Right Ascension21h47m44.9s
Sun Declination-13°18'50.8"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'11.6"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension21h46m53.7s
Moon Declination-12°52'16.3"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'28.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax1°00'26.8"
ΔT23.9 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of January–February 1934
January 30
Descending node (full moon)
February 14
Ascending node (new moon)
Lunar eclipse chart close-1934Jan30.png SE1934Feb14T.png
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 113
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 139

Eclipses in 1934

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 139

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1931–1935

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [4]

The partial solar eclipses on April 18, 1931 and October 11, 1931 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the solar eclipses on January 5, 1935 (partial), June 30, 1935 (partial), and December 25, 1935 (annular) occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1931 to 1935
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
114 September 12, 1931
SE1931Sep12P.png
Partial
1.506119 March 7, 1932
SE1932Mar07A.png
Annular
−0.9673
124 August 31, 1932
SE1932Aug31T.png
Total
0.8307129 February 24, 1933
SE1933Feb24A.png
Annular
−0.2191
134 August 21, 1933
SE1933Aug21A.png
Annular
0.0869139 February 14, 1934
SE1934Feb14T.png
Total
0.4868
144 August 10, 1934
SE1934Aug10A.png
Annular
−0.689149 February 3, 1935
SE1935Feb03P.png
Partial
1.1438
154 July 30, 1935
SE1935Jul30P.png
Partial
−1.4259

Saros 139

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds on July 16, 2186. This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000. [5] All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [6]

Series members 18–39 occur between 1801 and 2200:
181920
SE1807Nov29H.png
November 29, 1807
SE1825Dec09H.png
December 9, 1825
SE1843Dec21T.png
December 21, 1843
212223
SE1861Dec31T.png
December 31, 1861
SE1880Jan11T.png
January 11, 1880
SE1898Jan22T.png
January 22, 1898
242526
SE1916Feb03T.png
February 3, 1916
SE1934Feb14T.png
February 14, 1934
SE1952Feb25T.png
February 25, 1952
272829
SE1970Mar07T.png
March 7, 1970
SE1988Mar18T.png
March 18, 1988
SE2006Mar29T.png
March 29, 2006
303132
SE2024Apr08T.png
April 8, 2024
SE2042Apr20T.png
April 20, 2042
SE2060Apr30T.png
April 30, 2060
333435
SE2078May11T.png
May 11, 2078
SE2096May22T.png
May 22, 2096
SE2114Jun03T.png
June 3, 2114
363738
SE2132Jun13T.png
June 13, 2132
SE2150Jun25T.png
June 25, 2150
SE2168Jul05T.png
July 5, 2168
39
SE2186Jul16T.png
July 16, 2186

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 2, 1880 and July 9, 1964
December 2–3September 20–21July 9–10April 26–28February 13–14
111113115117119
SE1880Dec02P.gif
December 2, 1880
SE1888Jul09P.gif
July 9, 1888
SE1892Apr26T.gif
April 26, 1892
SE1896Feb13A.png
February 13, 1896
121123125127129
SE1899Dec03A.gif
December 3, 1899
SE1903Sep21T.png
September 21, 1903
SE1907Jul10A.png
July 10, 1907
SE1911Apr28T.png
April 28, 1911
SE1915Feb14A.png
February 14, 1915
131133135137139
SE1918Dec03A.png
December 3, 1918
SE1922Sep21T.png
September 21, 1922
SE1926Jul09A.png
July 9, 1926
SE1930Apr28H.png
April 28, 1930
SE1934Feb14T.png
February 14, 1934
141143145147149
SE1937Dec02A.png
December 2, 1937
SE1941Sep21T.png
September 21, 1941
SE1945Jul09T.png
July 9, 1945
SE1949Apr28P.png
April 28, 1949
SE1953Feb14P.png
February 14, 1953
151153155
SE1956Dec02P.png
December 2, 1956
SE1960Sep20P.png
September 20, 1960
SE1964Jul09P.png
July 9, 1964

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1803Feb21T.png
February 21, 1803
(Saros 127)
SE1814Jan21A.gif
January 21, 1814
(Saros 128)
SE1824Dec20Am.gif
December 20, 1824
(Saros 129)
SE1835Nov20T.png
November 20, 1835
(Saros 130)
SE1846Oct20A.png
October 20, 1846
(Saros 131)
SE1857Sep18A.png
September 18, 1857
(Saros 132)
SE1868Aug18T.png
August 18, 1868
(Saros 133)
SE1879Jul19A.png
July 19, 1879
(Saros 134)
SE1890Jun17A.png
June 17, 1890
(Saros 135)
SE1901May18T.png
May 18, 1901
(Saros 136)
SE1912Apr17H.png
April 17, 1912
(Saros 137)
SE1923Mar17A.png
March 17, 1923
(Saros 138)
SE1934Feb14T.png
February 14, 1934
(Saros 139)
SE1945Jan14A.png
January 14, 1945
(Saros 140)
SE1955Dec14A.png
December 14, 1955
(Saros 141)
SE1966Nov12T.png
November 12, 1966
(Saros 142)
SE1977Oct12T.png
October 12, 1977
(Saros 143)
SE1988Sep11A.png
September 11, 1988
(Saros 144)
SE1999Aug11T.png
August 11, 1999
(Saros 145)
SE2010Jul11T.png
July 11, 2010
(Saros 146)
SE2021Jun10A.png
June 10, 2021
(Saros 147)
SE2032May09A.png
May 9, 2032
(Saros 148)
SE2043Apr09T.png
April 9, 2043
(Saros 149)
SE2054Mar09P.png
March 9, 2054
(Saros 150)
SE2065Feb05P.png
February 5, 2065
(Saros 151)
SE2076Jan06T.png
January 6, 2076
(Saros 152)
SE2086Dec06P.png
December 6, 2086
(Saros 153)
SE2097Nov04A.png
November 4, 2097
(Saros 154)
Saros155 11van71 SE2108Oct05T.jpg
October 5, 2108
(Saros 155)
Saros156 07van69 SE2119Sep05P.jpg
September 5, 2119
(Saros 156)
Saros157 05van70 SE2130Aug04P.jpg
August 4, 2130
(Saros 157)
Saros158 05van70 SE2141Jul03P.jpg
July 3, 2141
(Saros 158)
Saros159 02van70 SE2152Jun03P.jpg
June 3, 2152
(Saros 159)
Saros161 01van72 SE2174Apr01P.jpg
April 1, 2174
(Saros 161)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1818May05A.png
May 5, 1818
(Saros 135)
SE1847Apr15T.png
April 15, 1847
(Saros 136)
SE1876Mar25A.png
March 25, 1876
(Saros 137)
SE1905Mar06A.png
March 6, 1905
(Saros 138)
SE1934Feb14T.png
February 14, 1934
(Saros 139)
SE1963Jan25A.png
January 25, 1963
(Saros 140)
SE1992Jan04A.png
January 4, 1992
(Saros 141)
SE2020Dec14T.png
December 14, 2020
(Saros 142)
SE2049Nov25H.png
November 25, 2049
(Saros 143)
SE2078Nov04A.png
November 4, 2078
(Saros 144)
SE2107Oct16T.png
October 16, 2107
(Saros 145)
SE2136Sep26T.png
September 26, 2136
(Saros 146)
Saros147 31van80 SE2165Sep05A.jpg
September 5, 2165
(Saros 147)
Saros148 31van75 SE2194Aug16T.jpg
August 16, 2194
(Saros 148)

Notes

  1. "February 13–14, 1934 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  3. "Total Solar Eclipse of 1934 Feb 14". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  4. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses, −3999 to +6000 (4000 BCE to 6000 CE) Fred Espenak.
  6. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 139". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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References