Solar eclipse of February 16, 1980

Last updated
Solar eclipse of February 16, 1980
SE1980Feb16T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma 0.2224
Magnitude 1.0434
Maximum eclipse
Duration248 s (4 min 8 s)
Coordinates 0°06′S47°06′E / 0.1°S 47.1°E / -0.1; 47.1
Max. width of band149 km (93 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse8:54:01
References
Saros 130 (50 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9464

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Saturday, February 16, 1980, [1] with a magnitude of 1.0434. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 24 hours before perigee (on February 17, 1980, at 8:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [2]

Contents

The path of totality crossed parts of Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, southern India, Bangladesh, Burma, and China at sunset. The southern part of Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, also lay in the path of totality. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Africa, West Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

Observations

India

This eclipse occurred near the solar maximum, when the helmet streamer tends to be more symmetrically distributed. Image taken in India. Helmet streamers at max.gif
This eclipse occurred near the solar maximum, when the helmet streamer tends to be more symmetrically distributed. Image taken in India.

This was the third total solar eclipse visible from mainland India excluding the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the 20th century. However, most of the path of totality of the solar eclipse of August 21, 1914 in British India now belongs to Pakistan, and the only place within the path of totality of the solar eclipse of June 30, 1954 in India was in the Thar Desert where a total eclipse occurred right before sunset. Therefore, this was actually the first total solar eclipse visible from India with good observation conditions since January 22, 1898. [3]

The Indian Institute of Astrophysics established two camps at Hosur near Hubli and at Jawalagera near Raichur, analyzing the chromospheric and coronal radiation. Observation teams from Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia also made observations nearby. [4] The Astronomical Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences also sent a team of 7 people near Jawalagera. The weather condition was good and the team took images of the corona. [5]

China

Being the first total solar eclipse visible from China after the Cultural Revolution, this eclipse offered much better conditions for observations, compared with the solar eclipse of September 22, 1968, the previous total one visible from China. Although both occurred before sunset with a low solar zenith angle in China, the maximum duration of totality within China was more than 1 minute and 40 seconds for this eclipse, and less than half a minute for the one in 1968.

The Chinese Academy of Sciences held a solar physics conference in Kunming in April 1975, proposing to form a joint observation of the eclipse. In March 1976, a field trip to select the location of observation was conducted. A total of 31 aspects of observations were organized, including solar optical and radio observations, ionosphere, Earth's magnetic field and gravitational field measurements. The meteorological department also studied weather changes during the eclipse. Optical observations in China were mainly conducted at Yingpan Mountain in Ruili County (now Ruili City), Yunnan, while radio observations were at Yunnan Astronomical Observatory in Fenghuang Mountain, Kunming. In addition, Shanghai Scientific and Educational Film Studio made a documentary on the entire process of the observation. [6] [7]

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of February–March 1980
February 16
Descending node (new moon)
March 1
Ascending node (full moon)
SE1980Feb16T.png Lunar eclipse chart close-1980Mar01.png
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 130
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 142

Eclipses in 1980

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 130

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1979–1982

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [8]

The partial solar eclipses on June 21, 1982 and December 15, 1982 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1979 to 1982
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
120
1979 Solar eclipse, Brandon Manitoba Canada (35907221663).jpg
Totality in Brandon, MB,
Canada
February 26, 1979
SE1979Feb26T.png
Total
0.8981125 August 22, 1979
SE1979Aug22A.png
Annular
−0.9632
130 February 16, 1980
SE1980Feb16T.png
Total
0.2224135 August 10, 1980
SE1980Aug10A.png
Annular
−0.1915
140 February 4, 1981
SE1981Feb04A.png
Annular
−0.4838145 July 31, 1981
SE1981Jul31T.png
Total
0.5792
150 January 25, 1982
SE1982Jan25P.png
Partial
−1.2311155 July 20, 1982
SE1982Jul20P.png
Partial
1.2886

Saros 130

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 130, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 73 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on August 20, 1096. It contains total eclipses from April 5, 1475 through July 18, 2232. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on October 25, 2394. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 30 at 6 minutes, 41 seconds on July 11, 1619. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [9]

Series members 41–62 occur between 1801 and 2200:
414243
SE1817Nov09T.gif
November 9, 1817
SE1835Nov20T.gif
November 20, 1835
SE1853Nov30T.gif
November 30, 1853
444546
SE1871Dec12T.gif
December 12, 1871
SE1889Dec22T.png
December 22, 1889
SE1908Jan03T.png
January 3, 1908
474849
SE1926Jan14T.png
January 14, 1926
SE1944Jan25T.png
January 25, 1944
SE1962Feb05T.png
February 5, 1962
505152
SE1980Feb16T.png
February 16, 1980
SE1998Feb26T.png
February 26, 1998
SE2016Mar09T.png
March 9, 2016
535455
SE2034Mar20T.png
March 20, 2034
SE2052Mar30T.png
March 30, 2052
SE2070Apr11T.png
April 11, 2070
565758
SE2088Apr21T.png
April 21, 2088
SE2106May03T.png
May 3, 2106
SE2124May14T.png
May 14, 2124
596061
SE2142May25T.png
May 25, 2142
SE2160Jun04T.png
June 4, 2160
SE2178Jun16T.png
June 16, 2178
62
SE2196Jun26T.png
June 26, 2196

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between July 11, 1953 and July 11, 2029
July 10–11April 29–30February 15–16December 4September 21–23
116118120122124
SE1953Jul11P.png
July 11, 1953
SE1957Apr30A.png
April 30, 1957
SE1961Feb15T.png
February 15, 1961
SE1964Dec04P.png
December 4, 1964
SE1968Sep22T.png
September 22, 1968
126128130132134
SE1972Jul10T.png
July 10, 1972
SE1976Apr29A.png
April 29, 1976
SE1980Feb16T.png
February 16, 1980
SE1983Dec04A.png
December 4, 1983
SE1987Sep23A.png
September 23, 1987
136138140142144
SE1991Jul11T.png
July 11, 1991
SE1995Apr29A.png
April 29, 1995
SE1999Feb16A.png
February 16, 1999
SE2002Dec04T.png
December 4, 2002
SE2006Sep22A.png
September 22, 2006
146148150152154
SE2010Jul11T.png
July 11, 2010
SE2014Apr29A.png
April 29, 2014
SE2018Feb15P.png
February 15, 2018
SE2021Dec04T.png
December 4, 2021
SE2025Sep21P.png
September 21, 2025
156
SE2029Jul11P.png
July 11, 2029

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1805Jun26P.gif
June 26, 1805
(Saros 114)
SE1816May27A.gif
May 27, 1816
(Saros 115)
SE1827Apr26A.gif
April 26, 1827
(Saros 116)
SE1838Mar25T.gif
March 25, 1838
(Saros 117)
SE1849Feb23A.gif
February 23, 1849
(Saros 118)
SE1860Jan23A.png
January 23, 1860
(Saros 119)
SE1870Dec22T.png
December 22, 1870
(Saros 120)
SE1881Nov21A.gif
November 21, 1881
(Saros 121)
SE1892Oct20P.gif
October 20, 1892
(Saros 122)
SE1903Sep21T.png
September 21, 1903
(Saros 123)
SE1914Aug21T.png
August 21, 1914
(Saros 124)
SE1925Jul20A.png
July 20, 1925
(Saros 125)
SE1936Jun19T.png
June 19, 1936
(Saros 126)
SE1947May20T.png
May 20, 1947
(Saros 127)
SE1958Apr19A.png
April 19, 1958
(Saros 128)
SE1969Mar18A.png
March 18, 1969
(Saros 129)
SE1980Feb16T.png
February 16, 1980
(Saros 130)
SE1991Jan15A.png
January 15, 1991
(Saros 131)
SE2001Dec14A.png
December 14, 2001
(Saros 132)
SE2012Nov13T.png
November 13, 2012
(Saros 133)
SE2023Oct14A.png
October 14, 2023
(Saros 134)
SE2034Sep12A.png
September 12, 2034
(Saros 135)
SE2045Aug12T.png
August 12, 2045
(Saros 136)
SE2056Jul12A.png
July 12, 2056
(Saros 137)
SE2067Jun11A.png
June 11, 2067
(Saros 138)
SE2078May11T.png
May 11, 2078
(Saros 139)
SE2089Apr10A.png
April 10, 2089
(Saros 140)
SE2100Mar10A.png
March 10, 2100
(Saros 141)
SE2111Feb08T.png
February 8, 2111
(Saros 142)
SE2122Jan08A.png
January 8, 2122
(Saros 143)
SE2132Dec07A.png
December 7, 2132
(Saros 144)
SE2143Nov07T.png
November 7, 2143
(Saros 145)
SE2154Oct07T.png
October 7, 2154
(Saros 146)
Saros147 31van80 SE2165Sep05A.jpg
September 5, 2165
(Saros 147)
Saros148 30van75 SE2176Aug04T.jpg
August 4, 2176
(Saros 148)
Saros149 30van71 SE2187Jul06T.jpg
July 6, 2187
(Saros 149)
Saros150 27van71 SE2198Jun04A.jpg
June 4, 2198
(Saros 150)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1806Jun16T.png
June 16, 1806
(Saros 124)
SE1835May27A.gif
May 27, 1835
(Saros 125)
SE1864May06H.gif
May 6, 1864
(Saros 126)
SE1893Apr16T.png
April 16, 1893
(Saros 127)
SE1922Mar28A.png
March 28, 1922
(Saros 128)
SE1951Mar07A.png
March 7, 1951
(Saros 129)
SE1980Feb16T.png
February 16, 1980
(Saros 130)
SE2009Jan26A.png
January 26, 2009
(Saros 131)
SE2038Jan05A.png
January 5, 2038
(Saros 132)
SE2066Dec17T.png
December 17, 2066
(Saros 133)
SE2095Nov27A.png
November 27, 2095
(Saros 134)
SE2124Nov06A.png
November 6, 2124
(Saros 135)
SE2153Oct17T.png
October 17, 2153
(Saros 136)
SE2182Sep27A.png
September 27, 2182
(Saros 137)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of January 25, 1944</span> Total eclipse

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References

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