Solar eclipse of November 12, 1966

Solar eclipse of November 12, 1966
Map
Type of eclipse
Nature	Total
Gamma	−0.33
Magnitude	1.0234
Maximum eclipse
Duration	117 s (1 min 57 s)
Coordinates	35°36′S48°12′W / 35.6°S 48.2°W / -35.6; -48.2
Max. width of band	84 km (52 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse	14:23:28
References
Saros	142 (20 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000)	9435

The eclipse as viewed from Gemini XII

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Saturday, November 12, 1966, ^[1] with a magnitude of 1.0234. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.25 days after perigee (on November 10, 1966, at 8:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. ^[2]

The path of totality cut a swath across South America from north of Lima, Peru, passing the northeastern tip of Chile, Bolivia, Northwest of Argentina, southwestern tip of Ñeembucú Department in Paraguay, nearly to the southernmost tip of Brazil. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Central America, the Caribbean, South America, Antarctica, and Southern Africa.

Observations

The NASA Gemini XII mission observed this total eclipse from space:

The Canary Island controller greeted the crew in the morning with the news that there would be a second maneuver - 5 meters forward - to line the vehicles up properly. The prospects panned out richly, and the crew reported seeing the eclipse "right on the money at 16:01:44 g.e.t." Although the crew thought for a moment that they were slightly off track, their aim had actually been accurate. ^[3]

The 28 October 1966 launch of the U.S. Air Force's Orbiting Vehicle 3-2 (OV3-2) was timed such that it could observe ambient charged particle variations before, during, and after the eclipse. ^[4]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. ^[5]

November 12, 1966 Solar Eclipse Times

Event	Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact	1966 November 12 at 11:43:29.6 UTC
First Umbral External Contact	1966 November 12 at 12:43:07.1 UTC
First Central Line	1966 November 12 at 12:43:20.6 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact	1966 November 12 at 12:43:34.2 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact	1966 November 12 at 13:50:12.8 UTC
Greatest Eclipse	1966 November 12 at 14:23:27.6 UTC
Greatest Duration	1966 November 12 at 14:24:40.6 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction	1966 November 12 at 14:26:56.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction	1966 November 12 at 14:37:07.7 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact	1966 November 12 at 14:56:22.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact	1966 November 12 at 16:03:15.2 UTC
Last Central Line	1966 November 12 at 16:03:26.4 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact	1966 November 12 at 16:03:37.7 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact	1966 November 12 at 17:03:24.9 UTC

November 12, 1966 Solar Eclipse Parameters

Parameter	Value
Eclipse Magnitude	1.02336
Eclipse Obscuration	1.04727
Gamma	−0.33001
Sun Right Ascension	15h09m12.8s
Sun Declination	-17°40'44.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter	16'09.6"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax	08.9"
Moon Right Ascension	15h08m42.7s
Moon Declination	-17°59'03.2"
Moon Semi-Diameter	16'16.8"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax	0°59'44.7"
ΔT	37.3 s

Eclipse season

See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of October–November 1966

October 29 Ascending node (full moon)	November 12 Descending node (new moon)
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 116	Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 142

Related eclipses

Eclipses in 1966

• A penumbral lunar eclipse on May 4.
• An annular solar eclipse on May 20.
• A penumbral lunar eclipse on October 29.
• A total solar eclipse on November 12.

Metonic

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 25, 1963
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 31, 1970

Tzolkinex

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 2, 1959
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 24, 1973

Half-Saros

• Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of November 7, 1957
• Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 18, 1975

Tritos

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 14, 1955
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 12, 1977

Solar Saros 142

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 1, 1948
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 22, 1984

Inex

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 2, 1937
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 24, 1995

Triad

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 11, 1880
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 12, 2053

Solar eclipses of 1964–1967

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. ^[6]

The partial solar eclipses on January 14, 1964 and July 9, 1964 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1964 to 1967
Ascending node				Descending node
Saros	Map	Gamma		Saros	Map	Gamma
117	June 10, 1964 Partial	−1.1393		122	December 4, 1964 Partial	1.1193
127	May 30, 1965 Total	−0.4225		132	November 23, 1965 Annular	0.3906
137	May 20, 1966 Annular	0.3467		142	November 12, 1966 Total	−0.33
147	May 9, 1967 Partial	1.1422		152	November 2, 1967 Total (non-central)	1.0007

Saros 142

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 142, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 17, 1624. It contains a hybrid eclipse on July 14, 1768, and total eclipses from July 25, 1786 through October 29, 2543. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on June 5, 2904. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 38 at 6 minutes, 34 seconds on May 28, 2291. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. ^[7]

Series members 11–32 occur between 1801 and 2200:
11	12	13
August 5, 1804	August 16, 1822	August 27, 1840
14	15	16
September 7, 1858	September 17, 1876	September 29, 1894
17	18	19
October 10, 1912	October 21, 1930	November 1, 1948
20	21	22
November 12, 1966	November 22, 1984	December 4, 2002
23	24	25
December 14, 2020	December 26, 2038	January 5, 2057
26	27	28
January 16, 2075	January 27, 2093	February 8, 2111
29	30	31
February 18, 2129	March 2, 2147	March 12, 2165
32
March 23, 2183

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between April 8, 1902 and August 31, 1989
April 7–8	January 24–25	November 12	August 31–September 1	June 19–20
108	110	112	114	116
April 8, 1902			August 31, 1913	June 19, 1917
118	120	122	124	126
April 8, 1921	January 24, 1925	November 12, 1928	August 31, 1932	June 19, 1936
128	130	132	134	136
April 7, 1940	January 25, 1944	November 12, 1947	September 1, 1951	June 20, 1955
138	140	142	144	146
April 8, 1959	January 25, 1963	November 12, 1966	August 31, 1970	June 20, 1974
148	150	152	154
April 7, 1978	January 25, 1982	November 12, 1985	August 31, 1989

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
February 21, 1803 (Saros 127)	January 21, 1814 (Saros 128)	December 20, 1824 (Saros 129)	November 20, 1835 (Saros 130)	October 20, 1846 (Saros 131)
September 18, 1857 (Saros 132)	August 18, 1868 (Saros 133)	July 19, 1879 (Saros 134)	June 17, 1890 (Saros 135)	May 18, 1901 (Saros 136)
April 17, 1912 (Saros 137)	March 17, 1923 (Saros 138)	February 14, 1934 (Saros 139)	January 14, 1945 (Saros 140)	December 14, 1955 (Saros 141)
November 12, 1966 (Saros 142)	October 12, 1977 (Saros 143)	September 11, 1988 (Saros 144)	August 11, 1999 (Saros 145)	July 11, 2010 (Saros 146)
June 10, 2021 (Saros 147)	May 9, 2032 (Saros 148)	April 9, 2043 (Saros 149)	March 9, 2054 (Saros 150)	February 5, 2065 (Saros 151)
January 6, 2076 (Saros 152)	December 6, 2086 (Saros 153)	November 4, 2097 (Saros 154)	October 5, 2108 (Saros 155)	September 5, 2119 (Saros 156)
August 4, 2130 (Saros 157)	July 3, 2141 (Saros 158)	June 3, 2152 (Saros 159)		April 1, 2174 (Saros 161)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
February 21, 1822 (Saros 137)	February 1, 1851 (Saros 138)	January 11, 1880 (Saros 139)
December 23, 1908 (Saros 140)	December 2, 1937 (Saros 141)	November 12, 1966 (Saros 142)
October 24, 1995 (Saros 143)	October 2, 2024 (Saros 144)	September 12, 2053 (Saros 145)
August 24, 2082 (Saros 146)	August 4, 2111 (Saros 147)	July 14, 2140 (Saros 148)
June 25, 2169 (Saros 149)	June 4, 2198 (Saros 150)

Notes

1. "November 12, 1966 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
3. "Gemini 12". Archived from the original on 2012-09-22.
4. "OV3-2". NASA. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
5. "Total Solar Eclipse of 1966 Nov 12". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
6. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
7. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 142". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

• Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
  • Google interactive map
  • Besselian elements