Solar eclipse of September 8, 1885

Last updated
Solar eclipse of September 8, 1885
Total eclipse
SE1885Sep08T.png
Map
Gamma −0.8489
Magnitude 1.0332
Maximum eclipse
Duration151 s (2 min 31 s)
Coordinates 49°36′S156°30′W / 49.6°S 156.5°W / -49.6; -156.5
Max. width of band211 km (131 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse20:51:52
References
Saros 123 (46 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9247
← March 16, 1885
March 5, 1886 →

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, September 8, 1885, with a magnitude of 1.0332. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.3 days after perigee (on September 6, 1885, at 14:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [1]

Contents

The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day New Zealand and Antarctica. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Oceania, Antarctica, and southern South America.

Observations

Solar eclipse 1885Sep08-Graydon.png

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [2]

September 8, 1885 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1885 September 08 at 18:35:56.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1885 September 08 at 19:54:54.3 UTC
First Central Line1885 September 08 at 19:56:11.9 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1885 September 08 at 19:57:30.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1885 September 08 at 20:43:07.3 UTC
Greatest Duration1885 September 08 at 20:50:23.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1885 September 08 at 20:51:51.9 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1885 September 08 at 21:19:51.3 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1885 September 08 at 21:45:54.9 UTC
Last Central Line1885 September 08 at 21:47:11.6 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1885 September 08 at 21:48:27.1 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1885 September 08 at 23:07:38.7 UTC
September 8, 1885 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.03319
Eclipse Obscuration1.06749
Gamma−0.84889
Sun Right Ascension11h09m38.6s
Sun Declination+05°24'05.1"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'53.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.7"
Moon Right Ascension11h08m38.3s
Moon Declination+04°35'47.3"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'16.5"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°59'43.9"
ΔT-5.8 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of September 1885
September 8
Ascending node (new moon)
September 24
Descending node (full moon)
SE1885Sep08T.png
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 123
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 135

Eclipses in 1885

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 123

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1884–1888

This eclipse is a member of a semester series . An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [3]

The partial solar eclipses on April 25, 1884 and October 19, 1884 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on July 9, 1888 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1884 to 1888
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
108March 27, 1884
SE1884Mar27P.gif
Partial
1.4602113
118March 16, 1885
SE1885Mar16A.gif
Annular
0.8030123 September 8, 1885
SE1885Sep08T.png
Total
−0.8489
128March 5, 1886
SE1886Mar05A.gif
Annular
0.0970133 August 29, 1886
SE1886Aug29T.png
Total
−0.1059
138February 22, 1887
SE1887Feb22A.png
Annular
−0.6040143 August 19, 1887
SE1887Aug19T.png
Total
0.6312
148February 11, 1888
SE1888Feb11P.gif
Partial
−1.2684153August 7, 1888
SE1888Aug07P.gif
Partial
−1.2797

Saros 123

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 123, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 29, 1074. It contains annular eclipses from July 2, 1182 through April 19, 1651; hybrid eclipses from April 30, 1669 through May 22, 1705; and total eclipses from June 3, 1723 through October 23, 1957. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on May 31, 2318. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 19 at 8 minutes, 7 seconds on November 9, 1398, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 42 at 3 minutes, 27 seconds on July 27, 1813. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [4]

Series members 42–63 occur between 1801 and 2200:
424344
SE1813Jul27T.gif
July 27, 1813
SE1831Aug07T.gif
August 7, 1831
SE1849Aug18T.gif
August 18, 1849
454647
SE1867Aug29T.png
August 29, 1867
SE1885Sep08T.png
September 8, 1885
SE1903Sep21T.png
September 21, 1903
484950
SE1921Oct01T.png
October 1, 1921
SE1939Oct12T.png
October 12, 1939
SE1957Oct23T.png
October 23, 1957
515253
SE1975Nov03P.png
November 3, 1975
SE1993Nov13P.png
November 13, 1993
SE2011Nov25P.png
November 25, 2011
545556
SE2029Dec05P.png
December 5, 2029
SE2047Dec16P.png
December 16, 2047
SE2065Dec27P.png
December 27, 2065
575859
SE2084Jan07P.png
January 7, 2084
Saros123 58van70 SE2102Jan19P.jpg
January 19, 2102
Saros123 59van70 SE2120Jan30P.jpg
January 30, 2120
606162
Saros123 60van70 SE2138Feb09P.jpg
February 9, 2138
Saros123 61van70 SE2156Feb21P.jpg
February 21, 2156
Saros123 62van70 SE2174Mar03P.jpg
March 3, 2174
63
Saros123 63van70 SE2192Mar13P.jpg
March 13, 2192

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

23 eclipse events between February 3, 1859 and June 29, 1946
February 1–3November 21–22September 8–10June 28–29April 16–18
109111113115117
SE1859Feb03P.png
February 3, 1859
SE1862Nov21P.gif
November 21, 1862
SE1870Jun28P.gif
June 28, 1870
SE1874Apr16T.gif
April 16, 1874
119121123125127
SE1878Feb02A.gif
February 2, 1878
SE1881Nov21A.gif
November 21, 1881
SE1885Sep08T.png
September 8, 1885
SE1889Jun28A.png
June 28, 1889
SE1893Apr16T.png
April 16, 1893
129131133135137
SE1897Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1897
SE1900Nov22A.gif
November 22, 1900
SE1904Sep09T.png
September 9, 1904
SE1908Jun28A.png
June 28, 1908
SE1912Apr17H.png
April 17, 1912
139141143145147
SE1916Feb03T.png
February 3, 1916
SE1919Nov22A.png
November 22, 1919
SE1923Sep10T.png
September 10, 1923
SE1927Jun29T.png
June 29, 1927
SE1931Apr18P.png
April 18, 1931
149151153155
SE1935Feb03P.png
February 3, 1935
SE1938Nov21P.png
November 21, 1938
SE1942Sep10P.png
September 10, 1942
SE1946Jun29P.png
June 29, 1946

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1809Apr14A.gif
April 14, 1809
(Saros 116)
SE1820Mar14T.gif
March 14, 1820
(Saros 117)
SE1831Feb12A.gif
February 12, 1831
(Saros 118)
SE1842Jan11A.gif
January 11, 1842
(Saros 119)
SE1852Dec11T.gif
December 11, 1852
(Saros 120)
SE1863Nov11A.png
November 11, 1863
(Saros 121)
SE1874Oct10An.gif
October 10, 1874
(Saros 122)
SE1885Sep08T.png
September 8, 1885
(Saros 123)
SE1896Aug09T.png
August 9, 1896
(Saros 124)
SE1907Jul10A.png
July 10, 1907
(Saros 125)
SE1918Jun08T.png
June 8, 1918
(Saros 126)
SE1929May09T.png
May 9, 1929
(Saros 127)
SE1940Apr07A.png
April 7, 1940
(Saros 128)
SE1951Mar07A.png
March 7, 1951
(Saros 129)
SE1962Feb05T.png
February 5, 1962
(Saros 130)
SE1973Jan04A.png
January 4, 1973
(Saros 131)
SE1983Dec04A.png
December 4, 1983
(Saros 132)
SE1994Nov03T.png
November 3, 1994
(Saros 133)
SE2005Oct03A.png
October 3, 2005
(Saros 134)
SE2016Sep01A.png
September 1, 2016
(Saros 135)
SE2027Aug02T.png
August 2, 2027
(Saros 136)
SE2038Jul02A.png
July 2, 2038
(Saros 137)
SE2049May31A.png
May 31, 2049
(Saros 138)
SE2060Apr30T.png
April 30, 2060
(Saros 139)
SE2071Mar31A.png
March 31, 2071
(Saros 140)
SE2082Feb27A.png
February 27, 2082
(Saros 141)
SE2093Jan27T.png
January 27, 2093
(Saros 142)
SE2103Dec29A.png
December 29, 2103
(Saros 143)
SE2114Nov27A.png
November 27, 2114
(Saros 144)
SE2125Oct26T.png
October 26, 2125
(Saros 145)
SE2136Sep26T.png
September 26, 2136
(Saros 146)
Saros147 30van80 SE2147Aug26A.jpg
August 26, 2147
(Saros 147)
SE2158Jul25T.png
July 25, 2158
(Saros 148)
Saros149 29van71 SE2169Jun25T.jpg
June 25, 2169
(Saros 149)
Saros150 26van71 SE2180May24A.jpg
May 24, 2180
(Saros 150)
SE2191Apr23A.png
April 23, 2191
(Saros 151)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1827Oct20H.gif
October 20, 1827
(Saros 121)
SE1856Sep29A.gif
September 29, 1856
(Saros 122)
SE1885Sep08T.png
September 8, 1885
(Saros 123)
SE1914Aug21T.png
August 21, 1914
(Saros 124)
SE1943Aug01A.png
August 1, 1943
(Saros 125)
SE1972Jul10T.png
July 10, 1972
(Saros 126)
SE2001Jun21T.png
June 21, 2001
(Saros 127)
SE2030Jun01A.png
June 1, 2030
(Saros 128)
SE2059May11T.png
May 11, 2059
(Saros 129)
SE2088Apr21T.png
April 21, 2088
(Saros 130)
SE2117Apr02A.png
April 2, 2117
(Saros 131)
SE2146Mar12A.png
March 12, 2146
(Saros 132)
SE2175Feb21T.png
February 21, 2175
(Saros 133)

References

  1. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  2. "Total Solar Eclipse of 1885 Sep 08". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  3. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  4. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 123". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.