Solar eclipse of November 22, 1919

Solar eclipse of November 22, 1919
Map
Type of eclipse
Nature	Annular
Gamma	0.4549
Magnitude	0.9198
Maximum eclipse
Duration	697 s (11 min 37 s)
Coordinates	6°54′N48°54′W / 6.9°N 48.9°W / 6.9; -48.9
Max. width of band	341 km (212 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse	15:14:12
References
Saros	141 (18 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000)	9327

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Saturday, November 22, 1919, ^[1] with a magnitude of 0.9198. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only 11 hours before apogee (on November 23, 1919, at 2:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. ^[2]

The duration of annularity at maximum eclipse (closest to but slightly shorter than the longest duration) was 11 minutes, 36.56 seconds in the Atlantic Ocean north of Brazil. It was the longest annular solar eclipse since January 5, 1647, but the Solar eclipse of December 2, 1937 lasted longer. ^[3]

Places inside the annular eclipse included North America and the Caribbean, including Austin, San Antonio, Houston and Galveston, Texas in the United States and was close to Mexico at around 7:30 CT (13:30 UTC), more than a quarter of the Gulf of Mexico and close to the Florida Keys in the United States which occurred before 8:45 ET (13:45 UTC), it also included Cuba, most of Haiti and the southwesternmost Dominican Republic, it was almost near Venezuela and it included Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Barbados which happened in the mid morning hours. The greatest eclipse occurred at 15:14:12 UTC. In Africa, it included the Gambia, southern Senegal including Casamance, Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau), the northern part of French Guinea (now Guinea) which occurred before 15:45 (16:45 UTC) and southeasternmost Mauritania and the middle portion of the French Sudan (now Mali) which included Bamako and Timbuktu, it occurred in the late afternoon before sunset at 17:00 UTC. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, the Caribbean, northern South America, West Africa, and Western Europe.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. ^[4]

November 22, 1919 Solar Eclipse Times

Event	Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact	1919 November 22 at 12:14:34.5 UTC
First Umbral External Contact	1919 November 22 at 13:24:24.6 UTC
First Central Line	1919 November 22 at 13:28:08.9 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact	1919 November 22 at 13:31:54.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction	1919 November 22 at 15:07:48.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse	1919 November 22 at 15:14:11.5 UTC
Greatest Duration	1919 November 22 at 15:18:47.7 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction	1919 November 22 at 15:19:40.7 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact	1919 November 22 at 16:56:32.6 UTC
Last Central Line	1919 November 22 at 17:00:18.7 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact	1919 November 22 at 17:04:03.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact	1919 November 22 at 18:13:52.1 UTC

November 22, 1919 Solar Eclipse Parameters

Parameter	Value
Eclipse Magnitude	0.91976
Eclipse Obscuration	0.84597
Gamma	0.45492
Sun Right Ascension	15h48m15.3s
Sun Declination	-20°00'09.7"
Sun Semi-Diameter	16'11.7"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax	08.9"
Moon Right Ascension	15h48m27.5s
Moon Declination	-19°35'51.4"
Moon Semi-Diameter	14'41.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax	0°53'56.7"
ΔT	21.1 s

Eclipse season

See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of November 1919

November 7 Descending node (full moon)	November 22 Ascending node (new moon)
Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 115	Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 141

Related eclipses

Eclipses in 1919

• A penumbral lunar eclipse on May 15.
• A total solar eclipse on May 29.
• A partial lunar eclipse on November 7.
• An annular solar eclipse on November 22.

Metonic

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 3, 1916
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 10, 1923

Tzolkinex

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 10, 1912
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 3, 1927

Half-Saros

• Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of November 17, 1910
• Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 27, 1928

Tritos

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 23, 1908
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 21, 1930

Solar Saros 141

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 11, 1901
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 2, 1937

Inex

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 12, 1890
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 1, 1948

Triad

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 20, 1833
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 22, 2006

Solar eclipses of 1916–1920

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. ^[5]

The solar eclipses on February 3, 1916 (total), July 30, 1916 (annular), January 23, 1917 (partial), and July 19, 1917 (partial) occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1916 to 1920
Ascending node				Descending node
Saros	Map	Gamma		Saros	Map	Gamma
111	December 24, 1916 Partial	−1.5321		116	June 19, 1917 Partial	1.2857
121	December 14, 1917 Annular	−0.9157		126	June 8, 1918 Total	0.4658
131	December 3, 1918 Annular	−0.2387		136 Totality in Príncipe	May 29, 1919 Total	−0.2955
141	November 22, 1919 Annular	0.4549		146	May 18, 1920 Partial	−1.0239
151	November 10, 1920 Partial	1.1287

Saros 141

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 141, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 19, 1613. It contains annular eclipses from August 4, 1739 through October 14, 2640. There are no hybrid or total eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 13, 2857. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 20 at 12 minutes, 9 seconds on December 14, 1955. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. ^[6]

Series members 12–33 occur between 1801 and 2200:
12	13	14
September 17, 1811	September 28, 1829	October 9, 1847
15	16	17
October 19, 1865	October 30, 1883	November 11, 1901
18	19	20
November 22, 1919	December 2, 1937	December 14, 1955
21	22	23
December 24, 1973	January 4, 1992	January 15, 2010
24	25	26
January 26, 2028	February 5, 2046	February 17, 2064
27	28	29
February 27, 2082	March 10, 2100	March 22, 2118
30	31	32
April 1, 2136	April 12, 2154	April 23, 2172
33
May 4, 2190

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

23 eclipse events between February 3, 1859 and June 29, 1946
February 1–3	November 21–22	September 8–10	June 28–29	April 16–18
109	111	113	115	117
February 3, 1859	November 21, 1862		June 28, 1870	April 16, 1874
119	121	123	125	127
February 2, 1878	November 21, 1881	September 8, 1885	June 28, 1889	April 16, 1893
129	131	133	135	137
February 1, 1897	November 22, 1900	September 9, 1904	June 28, 1908	April 17, 1912
139	141	143	145	147
February 3, 1916	November 22, 1919	September 10, 1923	June 29, 1927	April 18, 1931
149	151	153	155
February 3, 1935	November 21, 1938	September 10, 1942	June 29, 1946

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

The partial solar eclipses on December 7, 2170 (part of Saros 164) and November 7, 2181 (part of Saros 165) are also a part of this series but are not included in the table below.

Series members between 1801 and 2105
September 28, 1810 (Saros 131)	August 27, 1821 (Saros 132)	July 27, 1832 (Saros 133)	June 27, 1843 (Saros 134)	May 26, 1854 (Saros 135)
April 25, 1865 (Saros 136)	March 25, 1876 (Saros 137)	February 22, 1887 (Saros 138)	January 22, 1898 (Saros 139)	December 23, 1908 (Saros 140)
November 22, 1919 (Saros 141)	October 21, 1930 (Saros 142)	September 21, 1941 (Saros 143)	August 20, 1952 (Saros 144)	July 20, 1963 (Saros 145)
June 20, 1974 (Saros 146)	May 19, 1985 (Saros 147)	April 17, 1996 (Saros 148)	March 19, 2007 (Saros 149)	February 15, 2018 (Saros 150)
January 14, 2029 (Saros 151)	December 15, 2039 (Saros 152)	November 14, 2050 (Saros 153)	October 13, 2061 (Saros 154)	September 12, 2072 (Saros 155)
August 13, 2083 (Saros 156)	July 12, 2094 (Saros 157)	June 12, 2105 (Saros 158)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
February 11, 1804 (Saros 137)	January 20, 1833 (Saros 138)	December 31, 1861 (Saros 139)
December 12, 1890 (Saros 140)	November 22, 1919 (Saros 141)	November 1, 1948 (Saros 142)
October 12, 1977 (Saros 143)	September 22, 2006 (Saros 144)	September 2, 2035 (Saros 145)
August 12, 2064 (Saros 146)	July 23, 2093 (Saros 147)	July 4, 2122 (Saros 148)
June 14, 2151 (Saros 149)	May 24, 2180 (Saros 150)

Notes

1. "November 22, 1919 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
3. "Annular Solar Eclipses with Durations Exceeding 11m 00s: -3999 to 6000". NASA Eclipse Web Site.
4. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1919 Nov 22". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
5. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
6. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 141". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

• Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
  • Google interactive map
  • Besselian elements