Solar eclipse of September 23, 1987

Last updated
Solar eclipse of September 23, 1987
SE1987Sep23A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma 0.2787
Magnitude 0.9634
Maximum eclipse
Duration229 s (3 min 49 s)
Coordinates 14°18′N138°24′E / 14.3°N 138.4°E / 14.3; 138.4
Max. width of band137 km (85 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse3:12:22
References
Saros 134 (42 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9481

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, September 23, 1987, [1] with a magnitude of 0.9634. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only 5 days after apogee (on September 18, 1987, at 4:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. [2]

Contents

Annularity was visible in the Soviet Union (today's Kazakhstan), China (including Shanghai), southwestern Mongolia, Okinawa Islands of Japan except Kume Island and the southwestern tip of Kerama Islands, the Federal States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Rotuma Islands of Fiji, Wallis Islands and West Samoa (the name changed to Samoa later). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, Oceania, and Hawaii.

Observation

Five radio observation stations were present in China at the time of the eclipse, two of which were within the annularity, in Ürümqi and Shanghai respectively. A partial solar eclipse was observed from the other three, including one in Nanjing where the eclipse was close to annularity, and the rest two in Beijing and Kunming. The Department of Mathematics and Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Astronomical Society held a meeting in Kunming in December 1986, deciding that on-site observation would be conducted at each station, among which the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory was considered to have the best location with a larger magnitude of the eclipse, longer duration and larger solar zenith angle. The Shanghai Astronomical Observatory conducted observations with seven different wave bands using a 25-metre radio telescope. [3] The Yunnan Astronomical Observatory located in Kunming also conducted a multi-band joint observation of the partial solar eclipse. [4]

The Chinese Research Institute of Radio Wave Propagation conducted observations with a high-frequency skywave radar located in Xinxiang on the southern limit of annularity. Uneven structure and motion were observed in the ionosphere, the highest operating frequency was found changed during the eclipse, and large-scale fluctuations continued after the eclipse. [5]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [6]

September 23, 1987 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1987 September 23 at 00:15:50.5 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1987 September 23 at 01:20:19.5 UTC
First Central Line1987 September 23 at 01:22:07.2 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1987 September 23 at 01:23:55.0 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact1987 September 23 at 02:33:48.6 UTC
Greatest Duration1987 September 23 at 02:45:44.7 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1987 September 23 at 02:54:28.0 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1987 September 23 at 03:09:08.4 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1987 September 23 at 03:12:21.6 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact1987 September 23 at 03:51:20.8 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1987 September 23 at 05:01:01.1 UTC
Last Central Line1987 September 23 at 05:02:46.3 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1987 September 23 at 05:04:31.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1987 September 23 at 06:08:54.0 UTC
September 23, 1987 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.96337
Eclipse Obscuration0.92807
Gamma0.27869
Sun Right Ascension11h58m25.1s
Sun Declination+00°10'17.1"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'56.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.8"
Moon Right Ascension11h58m55.2s
Moon Declination+00°23'45.5"
Moon Semi-Diameter15'07.6"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°55'30.9"
ΔT55.7 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of September–October 1987
September 23
Descending node (new moon)
October 7
Ascending node (full moon)
SE1987Sep23A.png Lunar eclipse chart close-1987Oct07.png
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 134
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 146

Eclipses in 1987

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 134

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1986–1989

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [7]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1986 to 1989
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
119 April 9, 1986
SE1986Apr09P.png
Partial
−1.0822124 October 3, 1986
SE1986Oct03H.png
Hybrid
0.9931
129 March 29, 1987
SE1987Mar29H.png
Hybrid
−0.3053134 September 23, 1987
SE1987Sep23A.png
Annular
0.2787
139 March 18, 1988
SE1988Mar18T.png
Total
0.4188144 September 11, 1988
SE1988Sep11A.png
Annular
−0.4681
149 March 7, 1989
SE1989Mar07P.png
Partial
1.0981154 August 31, 1989
SE1989Aug31P.png
Partial
−1.1928

Saros 134

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 134, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 22, 1248. It contains total eclipses from October 9, 1428 through December 24, 1554; hybrid eclipses from January 3, 1573 through June 27, 1843; and annular eclipses from July 8, 1861 through May 21, 2384. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on August 6, 2510. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 11 at 1 minutes, 30 seconds on October 9, 1428, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 52 at 10 minutes, 55 seconds on January 10, 2168. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [8]

Series members 32–53 occur between 1801 and 2200:
323334
SE1807Jun06H.png
June 6, 1807
SE1825Jun16H.png
June 16, 1825
SE1843Jun27H.png
June 27, 1843
353637
SE1861Jul08A.png
July 8, 1861
SE1879Jul19A.png
July 19, 1879
SE1897Jul29A.png
July 29, 1897
383940
SE1915Aug10A.png
August 10, 1915
SE1933Aug21A.png
August 21, 1933
SE1951Sep01A.png
September 1, 1951
414243
SE1969Sep11A.png
September 11, 1969
SE1987Sep23A.png
September 23, 1987
SE2005Oct03A.png
October 3, 2005
444546
SE2023Oct14A.png
October 14, 2023
SE2041Oct25A.png
October 25, 2041
SE2059Nov05A.png
November 5, 2059
474849
SE2077Nov15A.png
November 15, 2077
SE2095Nov27A.png
November 27, 2095
SE2113Dec08A.png
December 8, 2113
505152
SE2131Dec19A.png
December 19, 2131
SE2149Dec30A.png
December 30, 2149
SE2168Jan10A.png
January 10, 2168
53
SE2186Jan20A.png
January 20, 2186

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between July 11, 1953 and July 11, 2029
July 10–11April 29–30February 15–16December 4September 21–23
116118120122124
SE1953Jul11P.png
July 11, 1953
SE1957Apr30A.png
April 30, 1957
SE1961Feb15T.png
February 15, 1961
SE1964Dec04P.png
December 4, 1964
SE1968Sep22T.png
September 22, 1968
126128130132134
SE1972Jul10T.png
July 10, 1972
SE1976Apr29A.png
April 29, 1976
SE1980Feb16T.png
February 16, 1980
SE1983Dec04A.png
December 4, 1983
SE1987Sep23A.png
September 23, 1987
136138140142144
SE1991Jul11T.png
July 11, 1991
SE1995Apr29A.png
April 29, 1995
SE1999Feb16A.png
February 16, 1999
SE2002Dec04T.png
December 4, 2002
SE2006Sep22A.png
September 22, 2006
146148150152154
SE2010Jul11T.png
July 11, 2010
SE2014Apr29A.png
April 29, 2014
SE2018Feb15P.png
February 15, 2018
SE2021Dec04T.png
December 4, 2021
SE2025Sep21P.png
September 21, 2025
156
SE2029Jul11P.png
July 11, 2029

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1802Mar04T.png
March 4, 1802
(Saros 117)
SE1813Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1813
(Saros 118)
SE1824Jan01A.gif
January 1, 1824
(Saros 119)
SE1834Nov30T.gif
November 30, 1834
(Saros 120)
SE1845Oct30H.png
October 30, 1845
(Saros 121)
SE1856Sep29A.gif
September 29, 1856
(Saros 122)
SE1867Aug29T.png
August 29, 1867
(Saros 123)
SE1878Jul29T.png
July 29, 1878
(Saros 124)
SE1889Jun28A.png
June 28, 1889
(Saros 125)
SE1900May28T.png
May 28, 1900
(Saros 126)
SE1911Apr28T.png
April 28, 1911
(Saros 127)
SE1922Mar28A.png
March 28, 1922
(Saros 128)
SE1933Feb24A.png
February 24, 1933
(Saros 129)
SE1944Jan25T.png
January 25, 1944
(Saros 130)
SE1954Dec25A.png
December 25, 1954
(Saros 131)
SE1965Nov23A.png
November 23, 1965
(Saros 132)
SE1976Oct23T.png
October 23, 1976
(Saros 133)
SE1987Sep23A.png
September 23, 1987
(Saros 134)
SE1998Aug22A.png
August 22, 1998
(Saros 135)
SE2009Jul22T.png
July 22, 2009
(Saros 136)
SE2020Jun21A.png
June 21, 2020
(Saros 137)
SE2031May21A.png
May 21, 2031
(Saros 138)
SE2042Apr20T.png
April 20, 2042
(Saros 139)
SE2053Mar20A.png
March 20, 2053
(Saros 140)
SE2064Feb17A.png
February 17, 2064
(Saros 141)
SE2075Jan16T.png
January 16, 2075
(Saros 142)
SE2085Dec16A.png
December 16, 2085
(Saros 143)
SE2096Nov15A.png
November 15, 2096
(Saros 144)
SE2107Oct16T.png
October 16, 2107
(Saros 145)
SE2118Sep15T.png
September 15, 2118
(Saros 146)
SE2129Aug15A.png
August 15, 2129
(Saros 147)
Saros148 28van75 SE2140Jul14T.jpg
July 14, 2140
(Saros 148)
Saros149 28van71 SE2151Jun14T.jpg
June 14, 2151
(Saros 149)
Saros150 25van71 SE2162May14A.jpg
May 14, 2162
(Saros 150)
Saros151 23van72 SE2173Apr12A.jpg
April 12, 2173
(Saros 151)
Saros152 22van70 SE2184Mar12T.jpg
March 12, 2184
(Saros 152)
Saros153 19van70 SE2195Feb10A.jpg
February 10, 2195
(Saros 153)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1814Jan21A.gif
January 21, 1814
(Saros 128)
SE1842Dec31A.gif
December 31, 1842
(Saros 129)
SE1871Dec12T.gif
December 12, 1871
(Saros 130)
SE1900Nov22A.png
November 22, 1900
(Saros 131)
SE1929Nov01A.png
November 1, 1929
(Saros 132)
SE1958Oct12T.png
October 12, 1958
(Saros 133)
SE1987Sep23A.png
September 23, 1987
(Saros 134)
SE2016Sep01A.png
September 1, 2016
(Saros 135)
SE2045Aug12T.png
August 12, 2045
(Saros 136)
SE2074Jul24A.png
July 24, 2074
(Saros 137)
SE2103Jul04A.png
July 4, 2103
(Saros 138)
SE2132Jun13T.png
June 13, 2132
(Saros 139)
SE2161May25A.png
May 25, 2161
(Saros 140)
SE2190May04A.png
May 4, 2190
(Saros 141)

Notes

  1. "September 23, 1987 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  3. 纪树臣 季德盛 梁世光 (1988). "1987年9月23日沪台25米天线观测选题及方案". 云南天文台台刊 (4): 100–105.
  4. 纪树臣 杨荣邦 谢瑞祥 (1989). "1987年9月23日日偏食云台多波段联合观测". 云南天文台台刊 (3): 46–53.
  5. 焦培南 (1990). "1987年9月23日日环食的电离层波动现象". 地球物理学报. 33 (4): 391–398. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015.
  6. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1987 Sep 23". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  7. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  8. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 134". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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References