Solar eclipse of September 21, 1922

Last updated
Solar eclipse of September 21, 1922
SE1922Sep21T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma −0.213
Magnitude 1.0678
Maximum eclipse
Duration359 s (5 min 59 s)
Coordinates 10°42′S104°30′E / 10.7°S 104.5°E / -10.7; 104.5
Max. width of band226 km (140 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse4:40:31
References
Saros 133 (40 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9333

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, September 21, 1922, [1] with a magnitude of 1.0678. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 2 hours after perigee (on September 21, 1922, at 6:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [2] Perigee did occur as the eclipse was past its greatest eclipse.

Contents

Totality started in Ethiopia, Italian Somaliland (today's Somalia), and passed British Maldives and Christmas Island in the Straits Settlements (now in Australia) in the Indian Ocean, and Australia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Oceania.

Observations

Observations of the total solar eclipse of May 29, 1919 got results consistent with gravitational lens proposed by Einstein's general relativity. To reconfirm the result, observatories in South Australia and New South Wales each organized a large scientific expedition. A total of 20 teams went to sparsely populated Wallal on the northern coast of Western Australia. Among them, the American team from the Lick Observatory arrived in Sydney on August 5, took a train westward and arrived in Perth on August 16. The team took a ship on August 20 from Fremantle, a port southwest of Perth, to Broome, and then finally arrived at Wallal. Although not organizing any observations, the Australian government provided financial support to the teams. For example, the round-trip travel expenses between Sydney and Wallal were paid by the federal government. [3] [4]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [5]

September 21, 1922 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1922 September 21 at 02:04:28.6 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1922 September 21 at 02:58:45.3 UTC
First Central Line1922 September 21 at 03:00:06.4 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1922 September 21 at 03:01:27.5 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact1922 September 21 at 03:57:50.9 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1922 September 21 at 04:38:20.9 UTC
Greatest Duration1922 September 21 at 04:40:07.8 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1922 September 21 at 04:40:31.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1922 September 21 at 04:47:31.9 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact1922 September 21 at 05:23:00.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1922 September 21 at 06:19:29.4 UTC
Last Central Line1922 September 21 at 06:20:50.6 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1922 September 21 at 06:22:11.7 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1922 September 21 at 07:16:30.2 UTC
September 21, 1922 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.06783
Eclipse Obscuration1.14026
Gamma−0.21299
Sun Right Ascension11h50m29.6s
Sun Declination+01°01'49.3"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'56.0"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.8"
Moon Right Ascension11h50m13.7s
Moon Declination+00°49'23.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'43.8"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax1°01'24.1"
ΔT22.8 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of September–October 1922
September 21
Ascending node (new moon)
October 6
Descending node (full moon)
SE1922Sep21T.png Lunar eclipse chart close-1922Mar13.png
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 133
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 145

Eclipses in 1922

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 133

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1921–1924

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [6]

The partial solar eclipse on July 31, 1924 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1921 to 1924
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
118 April 8, 1921
SE1921Apr08A.png
Annular
0.8869123 October 1, 1921
SE1921Oct01T.png
Total
−0.9383
128 March 28, 1922
SE1922Mar28A.png
Annular
0.1711133 September 21, 1922
SE1922Sep21T.png
Total
−0.213
138 March 17, 1923
SE1923Mar17A.png
Annular
−0.5438143 September 10, 1923
SE1923Sep10T.png
Total
0.5149
148 March 5, 1924
SE1924Mar05P.png
Partial
−1.2232153 August 30, 1924
SE1924Aug30P.png
Partial
1.3123

Saros 133

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 133, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 13, 1219. It contains annular eclipses from November 20, 1435 through January 13, 1526; a hybrid eclipse on January 24, 1544; and total eclipses from February 3, 1562 through June 21, 2373. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on September 5, 2499. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 25 at 1 minutes, 14 seconds on November 30, 1453, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 61 at 6 minutes, 50 seconds on August 7, 1850. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [7]

Series members 34–55 occur between 1801 and 2200:
343536
SE1814Jul17T.png
July 17, 1814
SE1832Jul27T.png
July 27, 1832
SE1850Aug07T.png
August 7, 1850
373839
SE1868Aug18T.png
August 18, 1868
SE1886Aug29T.png
August 29, 1886
SE1904Sep09T.png
September 9, 1904
404142
SE1922Sep21T.png
September 21, 1922
SE1940Oct01T.png
October 1, 1940
SE1958Oct12T.png
October 12, 1958
434445
SE1976Oct23T.png
October 23, 1976
SE1994Nov03T.png
November 3, 1994
SE2012Nov13T.png
November 13, 2012
464748
SE2030Nov25T.png
November 25, 2030
SE2048Dec05T.png
December 5, 2048
SE2066Dec17T.png
December 17, 2066
495051
SE2084Dec27T.png
December 27, 2084
SE2103Jan08T.png
January 8, 2103
SE2121Jan19T.png
January 19, 2121
525354
SE2139Jan30T.png
January 30, 2139
SE2157Feb09T.png
February 9, 2157
SE2175Feb21T.png
February 21, 2175
55
SE2193Mar03T.png
March 3, 2193

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 2, 1880 and July 9, 1964
December 2–3September 20–21July 9–10April 26–28February 13–14
111113115117119
SE1880Dec02P.gif
December 2, 1880
SE1888Jul09P.gif
July 9, 1888
SE1892Apr26T.gif
April 26, 1892
SE1896Feb13A.png
February 13, 1896
121123125127129
SE1899Dec03A.gif
December 3, 1899
SE1903Sep21T.png
September 21, 1903
SE1907Jul10A.png
July 10, 1907
SE1911Apr28T.png
April 28, 1911
SE1915Feb14A.png
February 14, 1915
131133135137139
SE1918Dec03A.png
December 3, 1918
SE1922Sep21T.png
September 21, 1922
SE1926Jul09A.png
July 9, 1926
SE1930Apr28H.png
April 28, 1930
SE1934Feb14T.png
February 14, 1934
141143145147149
SE1937Dec02A.png
December 2, 1937
SE1941Sep21T.png
September 21, 1941
SE1945Jul09T.png
July 9, 1945
SE1949Apr28P.png
April 28, 1949
SE1953Feb14P.png
February 14, 1953
151153155
SE1956Dec02P.png
December 2, 1956
SE1960Sep20P.png
September 20, 1960
SE1964Jul09P.png
July 9, 1964

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1802Aug28A.png
August 28, 1802
(Saros 122)
SE1813Jul27T.gif
July 27, 1813
(Saros 123)
SE1824Jun26T.png
June 26, 1824
(Saros 124)
SE1835May27A.gif
May 27, 1835
(Saros 125)
SE1846Apr25H.gif
April 25, 1846
(Saros 126)
SE1857Mar25T.png
March 25, 1857
(Saros 127)
SE1868Feb23A.gif
February 23, 1868
(Saros 128)
SE1879Jan22A.gif
January 22, 1879
(Saros 129)
SE1889Dec22T.png
December 22, 1889
(Saros 130)
SE1900Nov22A.png
November 22, 1900
(Saros 131)
SE1911Oct22A.png
October 22, 1911
(Saros 132)
SE1922Sep21T.png
September 21, 1922
(Saros 133)
SE1933Aug21A.png
August 21, 1933
(Saros 134)
SE1944Jul20A.png
July 20, 1944
(Saros 135)
SE1955Jun20T.png
June 20, 1955
(Saros 136)
SE1966May20A.png
May 20, 1966
(Saros 137)
SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977
(Saros 138)
SE1988Mar18T.png
March 18, 1988
(Saros 139)
SE1999Feb16A.png
February 16, 1999
(Saros 140)
SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
(Saros 141)
SE2020Dec14T.png
December 14, 2020
(Saros 142)
SE2031Nov14H.png
November 14, 2031
(Saros 143)
SE2042Oct14A.png
October 14, 2042
(Saros 144)
SE2053Sep12T.png
September 12, 2053
(Saros 145)
SE2064Aug12T.png
August 12, 2064
(Saros 146)
SE2075Jul13A.png
July 13, 2075
(Saros 147)
SE2086Jun11T.png
June 11, 2086
(Saros 148)
SE2097May11T.png
May 11, 2097
(Saros 149)
Saros150 22van71 SE2108Apr11P.jpg
April 11, 2108
(Saros 150)
Saros151 20van72 SE2119Mar11A.jpg
March 11, 2119
(Saros 151)
Saros152 19van70 SE2130Feb08T.jpg
February 8, 2130
(Saros 152)
SE2141Jan08A.png
January 8, 2141
(Saros 153)
Saros154 14van71 SE2151Dec08A.jpg
December 8, 2151
(Saros 154)
Saros155 14van71 SE2162Nov07T.jpg
November 7, 2162
(Saros 155)
Saros156 10van69 SE2173Oct07A.jpg
October 7, 2173
(Saros 156)
SE2184Sep04A.png
September 4, 2184
(Saros 157)
Saros158 08van70 SE2195Aug05T.jpg
August 5, 2195
(Saros 158)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1806Dec10A.gif
December 10, 1806
(Saros 129)
SE1835Nov20T.gif
November 20, 1835
(Saros 130)
SE1864Oct30A.gif
October 30, 1864
(Saros 131)
SE1893Oct09A.png
October 9, 1893
(Saros 132)
SE1922Sep21T.png
September 21, 1922
(Saros 133)
SE1951Sep01A.png
September 1, 1951
(Saros 134)
SE1980Aug10A.png
August 10, 1980
(Saros 135)
SE2009Jul22T.png
July 22, 2009
(Saros 136)
SE2038Jul02A.png
July 2, 2038
(Saros 137)
SE2067Jun11A.png
June 11, 2067
(Saros 138)
SE2096May22T.png
May 22, 2096
(Saros 139)
SE2125May03A.png
May 3, 2125
(Saros 140)
SE2154Apr12A.png
April 12, 2154
(Saros 141)
SE2183Mar23T.png
March 23, 2183
(Saros 142)

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References

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  2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  3. "1922 Solar Eclipse in Australia Testing Einstein's Theory" . Retrieved 4 June 2011.
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