Solar eclipse of December 4, 2002

Last updated
Solar eclipse of December 4, 2002
Eclipse 4-12-2002 Woomera.jpg
The diamond ring effect at the end of totality, taken near Woomera, South Australia
SE2002Dec04T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma −0.302
Magnitude 1.0244
Maximum eclipse
Duration124 s (2 min 4 s)
Coordinates 39°30′S59°36′E / 39.5°S 59.6°E / -39.5; 59.6
Max. width of band87 km (54 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse7:32:16
References
Saros 142 (22 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9514

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, December 4, 2002, [1] [2] [3] with a magnitude of 1.0244. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.9 days after perigee (on December 2, 2002, at 8:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [4]

Contents

The eclipse was visible from a narrow corridor in parts of Angola, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Mozambique, the Indian Ocean and South Australia. A partial eclipse was seen from the much broader path of the Moon's penumbra, including most of Africa and Australia in addition to parts of Indonesia and Antarctica. During the sunset after the eclipse many observers in Australia saw numerous and unusual forms of a green flash. [5]

In some parts of Angola, it was the second total eclipse of the Sun within 18 months, following the solar eclipse of June 21, 2001.

Observations

The Chinese Academy of Sciences sent a team to Australia, to study the gravity anomalies [6] first recorded by Indian scientists during the total solar eclipse of October 24, 1995. [7] The Chinese Academy of Sciences also studied it during previous total solar eclipses of March 9, 1997 in Mohe County and June 21, 2001 in Zambia. With continuous observation for more than 10 years after that, China obtained the first observational evidence that the gravity field propagates at the speed of light. [8]

Images

SE2002Dec04T.gif

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [9]

December 4, 2002 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact2002 December 04 at 04:52:27.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact2002 December 04 at 05:51:24.0 UTC
First Central Line2002 December 04 at 05:51:38.6 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact2002 December 04 at 05:51:53.2 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact2002 December 04 at 06:56:18.4 UTC
Greatest Eclipse2002 December 04 at 07:32:15.7 UTC
Greatest Duration2002 December 04 at 07:33:01.0 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction2002 December 04 at 07:35:26.3 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction2002 December 04 at 07:39:48.9 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact2002 December 04 at 08:08:01.3 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact2002 December 04 at 09:12:35.9 UTC
Last Central Line2002 December 04 at 09:12:48.5 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact2002 December 04 at 09:13:01.0 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact2002 December 04 at 10:12:05.5 UTC
December 4, 2002 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.02437
Eclipse Obscuration1.04934
Gamma−0.30204
Sun Right Ascension16h41m50.9s
Sun Declination-22°13'29.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'13.6"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension16h41m32.9s
Moon Declination-22°31'05.2"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'21.5"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax1°00'02.3"
ΔT64.4 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of November–December 2002
November 20
Ascending node (full moon)
December 4
Descending node (new moon)
Lunar eclipse chart close-2002Nov20.png SE2002Dec04T.png
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 116
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 142

Eclipses in 2002

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 142

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 2000–2003

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [10]

The partial solar eclipses on February 5, 2000 and July 31, 2000 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2000 to 2003
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
117 July 1, 2000
SE2000Jul01P.png
Partial
−1.28214122
2000-12-25-partial solar eclipse Minnesota TLR.jpg
Partial projection in Minneapolis, MN, USA
December 25, 2000
SE2000Dec25P.png
Partial
1.13669
127
Williams College wl.jpg
Totality in Lusaka, Zambia
June 21, 2001
SE2001Jun21T.png
Total
−0.57013132
Partial solar eclipse December 14 2001 Minneapolis.jpg
Partial in Minneapolis, MN, USA
December 14, 2001
SE2001Dec14A.png
Annular
0.40885
137
Gregmote - 20020610 002 (by).jpg
Partial in Los Angeles, CA, USA
June 10, 2002
SE2002Jun10A.png
Annular
0.19933142
Eclipse 4-12-2002 Woomera.jpg
Totality in Woomera, South Australia
December 4, 2002
SE2002Dec04T.png
Total
−0.30204
147
Annular 2003-05-31 Culloden.png
Annularity in Culloden, Scotland
May 31, 2003
SE2003May31A.png
Annular
0.99598152
ECLIPSE LUNAR (3254112650).jpg
November 23, 2003
SE2003Nov23T.png
Total
−0.96381

Saros 142

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 142, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 17, 1624. It contains a hybrid eclipse on July 14, 1768, and total eclipses from July 25, 1786 through October 29, 2543. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on June 5, 2904. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 38 at 6 minutes, 34 seconds on May 28, 2291. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [11]

Series members 11–32 occur between 1801 and 2200:
111213
SE1804Aug05T.png
August 5, 1804
SE1822Aug16T.png
August 16, 1822
SE1840Aug27T.png
August 27, 1840
141516
SE1858Sep07T.png
September 7, 1858
SE1876Sep17T.png
September 17, 1876
SE1894Sep29T.png
September 29, 1894
171819
SE1912Oct10T.png
October 10, 1912
SE1930Oct21T.png
October 21, 1930
SE1948Nov01T.png
November 1, 1948
202122
SE1966Nov12T.png
November 12, 1966
SE1984Nov22T.png
November 22, 1984
SE2002Dec04T.png
December 4, 2002
232425
SE2020Dec14T.png
December 14, 2020
SE2038Dec26T.png
December 26, 2038
SE2057Jan05T.png
January 5, 2057
262728
SE2075Jan16T.png
January 16, 2075
SE2093Jan27T.png
January 27, 2093
SE2111Feb08T.png
February 8, 2111
293031
SE2129Feb18T.png
February 18, 2129
SE2147Mar02T.png
March 2, 2147
SE2165Mar12T.png
March 12, 2165
32
SE2183Mar23T.png
March 23, 2183

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between July 11, 1953 and July 11, 2029
July 10–11April 29–30February 15–16December 4September 21–23
116118120122124
SE1953Jul11P.png
July 11, 1953
SE1957Apr30A.png
April 30, 1957
SE1961Feb15T.png
February 15, 1961
SE1964Dec04P.png
December 4, 1964
SE1968Sep22T.png
September 22, 1968
126128130132134
SE1972Jul10T.png
July 10, 1972
SE1976Apr29A.png
April 29, 1976
SE1980Feb16T.png
February 16, 1980
SE1983Dec04A.png
December 4, 1983
SE1987Sep23A.png
September 23, 1987
136138140142144
SE1991Jul11T.png
July 11, 1991
SE1995Apr29A.png
April 29, 1995
SE1999Feb16A.png
February 16, 1999
SE2002Dec04T.png
December 4, 2002
SE2006Sep22A.png
September 22, 2006
146148150152154
SE2010Jul11T.png
July 11, 2010
SE2014Apr29A.png
April 29, 2014
SE2018Feb15P.png
February 15, 2018
SE2021Dec04T.png
December 4, 2021
SE2025Sep21P.png
September 21, 2025
156
SE2029Jul11P.png
July 11, 2029

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1806Jun16T.png
June 16, 1806
(Saros 124)
SE1817May16A.gif
May 16, 1817
(Saros 125)
Saros126 37van72 SE1828Apr14H.jpg
April 14, 1828
(Saros 126)
SE1839Mar15T.gif
March 15, 1839
(Saros 127)
SE1850Feb12A.gif
February 12, 1850
(Saros 128)
SE1861Jan11A.gif
January 11, 1861
(Saros 129)
SE1871Dec12T.png
December 12, 1871
(Saros 130)
SE1882Nov10A.gif
November 10, 1882
(Saros 131)
SE1893Oct09A.gif
October 9, 1893
(Saros 132)
SE1904Sep09T.png
September 9, 1904
(Saros 133)
SE1915Aug10A.png
August 10, 1915
(Saros 134)
SE1926Jul09A.png
July 9, 1926
(Saros 135)
SE1937Jun08T.png
June 8, 1937
(Saros 136)
SE1948May09A.png
May 9, 1948
(Saros 137)
SE1959Apr08A.png
April 8, 1959
(Saros 138)
SE1970Mar07T.png
March 7, 1970
(Saros 139)
SE1981Feb04A.png
February 4, 1981
(Saros 140)
SE1992Jan04A.png
January 4, 1992
(Saros 141)
SE2002Dec04T.png
December 4, 2002
(Saros 142)
SE2013Nov03H.png
November 3, 2013
(Saros 143)
SE2024Oct02A.png
October 2, 2024
(Saros 144)
SE2035Sep02T.png
September 2, 2035
(Saros 145)
SE2046Aug02T.png
August 2, 2046
(Saros 146)
SE2057Jul01A.png
July 1, 2057
(Saros 147)
SE2068May31T.png
May 31, 2068
(Saros 148)
SE2079May01T.png
May 1, 2079
(Saros 149)
SE2090Mar31P.png
March 31, 2090
(Saros 150)
SE2101Feb28A.png
February 28, 2101
(Saros 151)
Saros152 18van70 SE2112Jan29T.jpg
January 29, 2112
(Saros 152)
Saros153 15van70 SE2122Dec28A.jpg
December 28, 2122
(Saros 153)
Saros154 13van71 SE2133Nov26A.jpg
November 26, 2133
(Saros 154)
Saros155 13van71 SE2144Oct26T.jpg
October 26, 2144
(Saros 155)
Saros156 09van69 SE2155Sep26A.jpg
September 26, 2155
(Saros 156)
SE2166Aug25A.png
August 25, 2166
(Saros 157)
Saros158 07van70 SE2177Jul25P.jpg
July 25, 2177
(Saros 158)
Saros159 04van70 SE2188Jun24P.jpg
June 24, 2188
(Saros 159)
Saros160 02van71 SE2199May24P.jpg
May 24, 2199
(Saros 160)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1829Apr03T.gif
April 3, 1829
(Saros 136)
SE1858Mar15A.gif
March 15, 1858
(Saros 137)
SE1887Feb22A.png
February 22, 1887
(Saros 138)
SE1916Feb03T.png
February 3, 1916
(Saros 139)
SE1945Jan14A.png
January 14, 1945
(Saros 140)
SE1973Dec24A.png
December 24, 1973
(Saros 141)
SE2002Dec04T.png
December 4, 2002
(Saros 142)
SE2031Nov14H.png
November 14, 2031
(Saros 143)
SE2060Oct24A.png
October 24, 2060
(Saros 144)
SE2089Oct04T.png
October 4, 2089
(Saros 145)
SE2118Sep15T.png
September 15, 2118
(Saros 146)
Saros147 30van80 SE2147Aug26A.jpg
August 26, 2147
(Saros 147)
Saros148 30van75 SE2176Aug04T.jpg
August 4, 2176
(Saros 148)

Notes

  1. "December 4, 2002 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  2. "Total solar eclipse 'magnificent'". News-Press. 2002-12-05. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-10-25 via Newspapers.com.
  3. "Solar eclipse bedazzles southern Africa crowds". News and Record. 2002-12-05. p. 9. Retrieved 2023-10-25 via Newspapers.com.
  4. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  5. Maunder, Michael (2007). Lights in the Sky: Identifying and Understanding Astronomical and Meteorological Phenomena. Springer. p. 116. ISBN   978-1846287619 . Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  6. Xue Hui (5 December 2002). "今澳洲可观测到日全食 中国科学家捕捉"微重力"". Beijing Morning Post (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 25 December 2002.
  7. Chai Shikuan, Xiong Sihao (25 June 2001). "中科院日全食观测队获得高质量观测数据" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 2003-11-03.
  8. Sun Zifa (26 December 2012). "中国科学家全球首获引力场以光速传播的观测证据" (in Chinese). China News Service. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
  9. "Total Solar Eclipse of 2002 Dec 04". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  10. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  11. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 142". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, June 22, 2085, with a magnitude of 0.9704. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.6 days before apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter will be smaller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of January 3, 1908</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Friday, January 3 and Saturday, January 4, 1908, with a magnitude of 1.0437. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 14 hours before perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of March 25, 1857</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Wednesday, March 25 and Thursday, March 26, 1857, with a magnitude of 1.0534. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.1 days before perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

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