Solar eclipse of July 31, 1981

Last updated
Solar eclipse of July 31, 1981
SE1981Jul31T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma 0.5792
Magnitude 1.0258
Maximum eclipse
Duration122 s (2 min 2 s)
Coordinates 53°18′N134°06′E / 53.3°N 134.1°E / 53.3; 134.1
Max. width of band108 km (67 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse3:46:37
References
Saros 145 (20 of 77)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9467

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, July 31, 1981, [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] with a magnitude of 1.0258. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.7 days after perigee (on July 27, 1981, at 10:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [16]

Contents

The moon's apparent diameter was 7 arcseconds larger than the February 4, 1981 annular solar eclipse.

The continental path of totality fell entirely within the Soviet Union, belonging to Georgia, Kazakhstan and Russia today. The southern part of Mount Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe, also lay in the path of totality. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Northern Europe, Asia, Alaska, western Canada, and Greenland. The eclipse was mostly seen on July 31, 1981, except for Alaska, northwestern Canada and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, where a partial eclipse was seen on July 30 local time, and northern Greenland, where a partial eclipse started on July 30, passing midnight and ended on July 31 due to the midnight sun.

Observations

Scientists from the High Altitude Observatory of National Center for Atmospheric Research, E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research of the United States Naval Research Laboratory and the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union made studies to the high altitues of corona during the eclipse. A joint U.S.-Soviet observation team went to Bratsk, Irkutsk Oblast, Soviet Union. Scientists studied the three-dimensional structure of the corona based on coronagraph observations, images of the corona taken in Bratsk, and observations made from Solwind / P78-1 satellite. [17]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [18]

July 31, 1981 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1981 July 31 at 01:12:08.0 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1981 July 31 at 02:18:14.0 UTC
First Central Line1981 July 31 at 02:18:40.7 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1981 July 31 at 02:19:07.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1981 July 31 at 03:36:25.8 UTC
Greatest Duration1981 July 31 at 03:43:31.6 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1981 July 31 at 03:46:36.6 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1981 July 31 at 03:52:48.9 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1981 July 31 at 05:14:16.1 UTC
Last Central Line1981 July 31 at 05:14:40.1 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1981 July 31 at 05:15:04.1 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1981 July 31 at 06:21:15.5 UTC
July 31, 1981 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.02584
Eclipse Obscuration1.05235
Gamma0.57917
Sun Right Ascension08h41m03.3s
Sun Declination+18°18'24.9"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'45.4"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.7"
Moon Right Ascension08h41m26.2s
Moon Declination+18°51'47.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter15'57.1"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°58'32.6"
ΔT51.8 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of July 1981
July 17
Descending node (full moon)
July 31
Ascending node (new moon)
Lunar eclipse chart close-1981Jul17.png SE1981Jul31T.png
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 119		 Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 145

Eclipses in 1981

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 145

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1979–1982

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [19]

The partial solar eclipses on June 21, 1982 and December 15, 1982 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1979 to 1982
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
120
1979 Solar eclipse, Brandon Manitoba Canada (35907221663).jpg
Totality in Brandon, MB,
Canada 		February 26, 1979
SE1979Feb26T.png
Total		0.8981125 August 22, 1979
SE1979Aug22A.png
Annular		−0.9632
130 February 16, 1980
SE1980Feb16T.png
Total		0.2224135 August 10, 1980
SE1980Aug10A.png
Annular		−0.1915
140 February 4, 1981
SE1981Feb04A.png
Annular		−0.4838145 July 31, 1981
SE1981Jul31T.png
Total		0.5792
150 January 25, 1982
SE1982Jan25P.png
Partial		−1.2311155 July 20, 1982
SE1982Jul20P.png
Partial		1.2886

Saros 145

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 145, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 77 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on January 4, 1639. It contains an annular eclipse on June 6, 1891; a hybrid eclipse on June 17, 1909; and total eclipses from June 29, 1927 through September 9, 2648. The series ends at member 77 as a partial eclipse on April 17, 3009. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 15 at 6 seconds (by default) on June 6, 1891, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 50 at 7 minutes, 12 seconds on June 25, 2522. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [20]

Series members 10–32 occur between 1801 and 2200:
101112
SE1801Apr13P.png
April 13, 1801 		SE1819Apr24P.png
April 24, 1819		 SE1837May04P.png
May 4, 1837
131415
SE1855May16P.png
May 16, 1855		 SE1873May26P.png
May 26, 1873		 SE1891Jun06A.png
June 6, 1891
161718
SE1909Jun17H.png
June 17, 1909 		SE1927Jun29T.png
June 29, 1927 		1945Jul09T.png
July 9, 1945
192021
SE1963Jul20T.png
July 20, 1963 		SE1981Jul31T.png
July 31, 1981 		SE1999Aug11T.png
August 11, 1999
222324
SE2017Aug21T.png
August 21, 2017 		SE2035Sep02T.png
September 2, 2035 		SE2053Sep12T.png
September 12, 2053
252627
SE2071Sep23T.png
September 23, 2071 		SE2089Oct04T.png
October 4, 2089 		SE2107Oct16T.png
October 16, 2107
282930
SE2125Oct26T.png
October 26, 2125		 SE2143Nov07T.png
November 7, 2143		 SE2161Nov17T.png
November 17, 2161
3132
SE2179Nov28T.png
November 28, 2179		 SE2197Dec09T.png
December 9, 2197

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 24, 1916 and July 31, 2000
December 24–25October 12July 31–August 1May 19–20March 7
111113115117119
SE1916Dec24P.png
December 24, 1916 		SE1924Jul31P.png
July 31, 1924 		SE1928May19T.png
May 19, 1928 		SE1932Mar07A.png
March 7, 1932
121123125127129
SE1935Dec25A.png
December 25, 1935 		SE1939Oct12T.png
October 12, 1939 		SE1943Aug01A.png
August 1, 1943 		SE1947May20T.png
May 20, 1947 		SE1951Mar07A.png
March 7, 1951
131133135137139
SE1954Dec25A.png
December 25, 1954 		SE1958Oct12T.png
October 12, 1958 		SE1962Jul31A.png
July 31, 1962 		SE1966May20A.png
May 20, 1966 		SE1970Mar07T.png
March 7, 1970
141143145147149
SE1973Dec24A.png
December 24, 1973 		SE1977Oct12T.png
October 12, 1977 		SE1981Jul31T.png
July 31, 1981 		SE1985May19P.png
May 19, 1985 		SE1989Mar07P.png
March 7, 1989
151153155
SE1992Dec24P.png
December 24, 1992 		SE1996Oct12P.png
October 12, 1996 		SE2000Jul31P.png
July 31, 2000

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

The partial solar eclipses on December 18, 2188 (part of Saros 164) and November 18, 2199 (part of Saros 165) are also a part of this series but are not included in the table below.

Series members between 1801 and 2134
SE1806Dec10A.gif
December 10, 1806
(Saros 129)		 SE1817Nov09T.gif
November 9, 1817
(Saros 130)		 SE1828Oct09A.gif
October 9, 1828
(Saros 131)		 SE1839Sep07A.png
September 7, 1839
(Saros 132)		 SE1850Aug07T.gif
August 7, 1850
(Saros 133)
SE1861Jul08A.gif
July 8, 1861
(Saros 134)		 SE1872Jun06A.gif
June 6, 1872
(Saros 135)		 SE1883May06T.png
May 6, 1883
(Saros 136)		 SE1894Apr06H.gif
April 6, 1894
(Saros 137)		 SE1905Mar06A.png
March 6, 1905
(Saros 138)
SE1916Feb03T.png
February 3, 1916
(Saros 139)		 SE1927Jan03A.png
January 3, 1927
(Saros 140)		 SE1937Dec02A.png
December 2, 1937
(Saros 141)		 SE1948Nov01T.png
November 1, 1948
(Saros 142)		 SE1959Oct02T.png
October 2, 1959
(Saros 143)
SE1970Aug31A.png
August 31, 1970
(Saros 144)		 SE1981Jul31T.png
July 31, 1981
(Saros 145)		 SE1992Jun30T.png
June 30, 1992
(Saros 146)		 SE2003May31A.png
May 31, 2003
(Saros 147)		 SE2014Apr29A.png
April 29, 2014
(Saros 148)
SE2025Mar29P.png
March 29, 2025
(Saros 149)		 SE2036Feb27P.png
February 27, 2036
(Saros 150)		 SE2047Jan26P.png
January 26, 2047
(Saros 151)		 SE2057Dec26T.png
December 26, 2057
(Saros 152)		 SE2068Nov24P.png
November 24, 2068
(Saros 153)
SE2079Oct24A.png
October 24, 2079
(Saros 154)		 SE2090Sep23T.png
September 23, 2090
(Saros 155)		 Saros156 06van69 SE2101Aug24P.jpg
August 24, 2101
(Saros 156)		 Saros157 04van70 SE2112Jul23P.jpg
July 23, 2112
(Saros 157)		 Saros158 04van70 SE2123Jun23P.jpg
June 23, 2123
(Saros 158)
Saros159 01van70 SE2134May23P.jpg
May 23, 2134
(Saros 159)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1807Nov29H.gif
November 29, 1807
(Saros 139)		 SE1836Nov09T.gif
November 9, 1836
(Saros 140)		 SE1865Oct19A.png
October 19, 1865
(Saros 141)
SE1894Sep29T.gif
September 29, 1894
(Saros 142)		 SE1923Sep10T.png
September 10, 1923
(Saros 143)		 SE1952Aug20A.png
August 20, 1952
(Saros 144)
SE1981Jul31T.png
July 31, 1981
(Saros 145)		 SE2010Jul11T.png
July 11, 2010
(Saros 146)		 SE2039Jun21A.png
June 21, 2039
(Saros 147)
SE2068May31T.png
May 31, 2068
(Saros 148)		 SE2097May11T.png
May 11, 2097
(Saros 149)		 Saros150 23van71 SE2126Apr22A.jpg
April 22, 2126
(Saros 150)
SE2155Apr02A.png
April 2, 2155
(Saros 151)		 Saros152 22van70 SE2184Mar12T.jpg
March 12, 2184
(Saros 152)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of July 30, 1916</span> 20th-century annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, July 30, 1916, with a magnitude of 0.9447. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 1.75 days after apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of May 9, 1910</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, May 9, 1910, with a magnitude of 1.06. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 10 hours after perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

References

  1. ↑ "July 31, 1981 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  2. ↑ "Muscovites view eclipse of the sun". Spokane Chronicle. Spokane, Washington. 1981-07-31. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  3. ↑ "Bad weather hampers view of solar eclipse". Abilene Reporter-News. Abilene, Texas. 1981-07-31. p. 16. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  4. ↑ "Scientists Get Good Solar Eclipse Look". The Daily Advertiser. Lafayette, Louisiana. 1981-07-31. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  5. ↑ "Former Beatrician among group studying eclipse in Russia". Beatrice Daily Sun. Beatrice, Nebraska. 1981-07-31. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  6. ↑ "Clouds obstruct most of Soviet eclipse". Springfield Leader and Press. Springfield, Missouri. 1981-07-31. p. 17. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  7. ↑ "High-flying scientists view moon's path across sun". The Kokomo Tribune. Kokomo, Indiana. 1981-07-31. p. 13. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  8. ↑ "Long eclipse". Liverpool Echo. Liverpool, Merseyside, England. 1981-07-31. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ "Black day for Reds". Manchester Evening News. Manchester, Greater Manchester, England. 1981-07-31. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Clouds spoil view of eclipse of sun". Calgary Herald. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 1981-07-31. p. 14. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  11. ↑ "Total eclipse". North Bay Nugget. North Bay, Ontario, Canada. 1981-07-31. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  12. ↑ "Weather blocks eclipse view". Edmonton Journal. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 1981-07-31. p. 48. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  13. ↑ "Hundreds of scientists study eclipse of sun". Standard-Speaker. Hazleton, Pennsylvania. 1981-08-01. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  14. ↑ "Americans Join Scientists to Observe Eclipse". Tulsa World. Tulsa, Oklahoma. 1981-08-01. p. 32. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  15. ↑ "Eclipse casts its giant shadow across 4,300-mile Soviet path". Arizona Daily Star. Tucson, Arizona. 1981-08-01. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-10-18– via Newspapers.com.
  16. ↑ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  17. ↑ R. R. Fisher, L. B. Lacey, K. A. Rock, E. A. Yasukawa, N. R. Sheeley Jr., D. J. Michels, R. A. Howard, M. J. Koomen, A. Bagrov (March 1983). "The Solar Corona on 31 July, 1981" (PDF). Solar Physics. 83: 233–242. ISSN   0038-0938.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1981 Jul 31". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  19. ↑ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  20. ↑ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 145". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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