Solar eclipse of January 1, 1889

Last updated
Solar eclipse of January 1, 1889
SE1889Jan01T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma 0.8603
Magnitude 1.0262
Maximum eclipse
Duration137 s (2 min 17 s)
Coordinates 36°42′N137°36′W / 36.7°N 137.6°W / 36.7; -137.6
Max. width of band175 km (109 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse21:16:50
References
Saros 120 (54 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9255

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, January 1, 1889, with a magnitude of 1.0262. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.25 days after perigee (on December 31, 1888, at 15:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [1]

Contents

The path of totality was visible from parts of the modern-day Aleutian Islands of Alaska, California, Nevada, extreme southeastern Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota in the United States and south-central Canada. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for much of North America, Hawaii, and the western Caribbean.

Observations and predictions

Impact

Wovoka the Paiute prophet received visions during the solar eclipse of January 1889. These visions were framework for the Pan-Indian religious movement known as the Ghost Dance. [2]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [3]

January 1, 1889 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1889 January 01 at 19:03:37.4 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1889 January 01 at 20:23:10.8 UTC
First Central Line1889 January 01 at 20:24:07.8 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1889 January 01 at 20:25:05.6 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1889 January 01 at 21:08:05.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1889 January 01 at 21:16:00.1 UTC
Greatest Duration1889 January 01 at 21:16:12.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1889 January 01 at 21:16:50.0 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1889 January 01 at 22:08:36.5 UTC
Last Central Line1889 January 01 at 22:09:32.7 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1889 January 01 at 22:10:28.3 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1889 January 01 at 23:30:05.9 UTC
January 1, 1889 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.02616
Eclipse Obscuration1.05301
Gamma0.86031
Sun Right Ascension18h51m01.4s
Sun Declination-22°56'03.4"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'16.0"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension18h51m03.5s
Moon Declination-22°03'55.3"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'33.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax1°00'45.2"
ΔT-6.1 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of January 1889
January 1
Descending node (new moon)
January 17
Ascending node (full moon)
SE1889Jan01T.png
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 120
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 132

Eclipses in 1889

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 120

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1888–1891

This eclipse is a member of a semester series . An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [4]

The partial solar eclipses on February 11, 1888 and August 7, 1888 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1888 to 1891
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
115July 9, 1888
SE1888Jul09P.gif
Partial
−1.2797120 January 1, 1889
SE1889Jan01T.png
Total
0.8603
125 June 28, 1889
SE1889Jun28A.png
Annular
−0.5431130 December 22, 1889
SE1889Dec22T.png
Total
0.1888
135June 17, 1890
SE1890Jun17A.gif
Annular
0.2246140December 12, 1890
SE1894Sep29T.gif
Hybrid
−0.5016
145June 6, 1891
SE1891Jun06A.gif
Annular
0.9754150December 1, 1891
SE1891Dec01P.gif
Partial
−1.2515

Saros 120

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 120, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 27, 933 AD. It contains annular eclipses from August 11, 1059 through April 26, 1492; hybrid eclipses from May 8, 1510 through June 8, 1564; and total eclipses from June 20, 1582 through March 30, 2033. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 7, 2195. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 11 at 6 minutes, 24 seconds on September 11, 1113, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 60 at 2 minutes, 50 seconds on March 9, 1997. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [5]

Series members 50–71 occur between 1801 and 2195:
505152
SE1816Nov19T.gif
November 19, 1816
SE1834Nov30T.gif
November 30, 1834
SE1852Dec11T.gif
December 11, 1852
535455
SE1870Dec22T.gif
December 22, 1870
SE1889Jan01T.png
January 1, 1889
SE1907Jan14T.png
January 14, 1907
565758
SE1925Jan24T.png
January 24, 1925
SE1943Feb04T.png
February 4, 1943
SE1961Feb15T.png
February 15, 1961
596061
SE1979Feb26T.png
February 26, 1979
SE1997Mar09T.png
March 9, 1997
SE2015Mar20T.png
March 20, 2015
626364
SE2033Mar30T.png
March 30, 2033
SE2051Apr11P.png
April 11, 2051
SE2069Apr21P.png
April 21, 2069
656667
SE2087May02P.png
May 2, 2087
Saros120 66van71 SE2105May14P.jpg
May 14, 2105
Saros120 67van71 SE2123May25P.jpg
May 25, 2123
686970
Saros120 68van71 SE2141Jun04P.jpg
June 4, 2141
Saros120 69van71 SE2159Jun16P.jpg
June 16, 2159
Saros120 70van71 SE2177Jun26P.jpg
June 26, 2177
71
Saros120 71van71 SE2195Jul07P.jpg
July 7, 2195

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between March 16, 1866 and August 9, 1953
March 16–17January 1–3October 20–22August 9–10May 27–29
108110112114116
SE1866Mar16P.gif
March 16, 1866
SE1877Aug09P.gif
August 9, 1877
SE1881May27P.gif
May 27, 1881
118120122124126
SE1885Mar16A.gif
March 16, 1885
SE1889Jan01T.png
January 1, 1889
SE1892Oct20P.gif
October 20, 1892
SE1896Aug09T.png
August 9, 1896
SE1900May28T.png
May 28, 1900
128130132134136
SE1904Mar17A.png
March 17, 1904
SE1908Jan03T.png
January 3, 1908
SE1911Oct22A.png
October 22, 1911
SE1915Aug10A.png
August 10, 1915
SE1919May29T.png
May 29, 1919
138140142144146
SE1923Mar17A.png
March 17, 1923
SE1927Jan03A.png
January 3, 1927
SE1930Oct21T.png
October 21, 1930
SE1934Aug10A.png
August 10, 1934
SE1938May29T.png
May 29, 1938
148150152154
SE1942Mar16P.png
March 16, 1942
SE1946Jan03P.png
January 3, 1946
SE1949Oct21P.png
October 21, 1949
SE1953Aug09P.png
August 9, 1953

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1801Sep08P.png
September 8, 1801
(Saros 112)
SE1812Aug07P.gif
August 7, 1812
(Saros 113)
SE1823Jul08P.gif
July 8, 1823
(Saros 114)
SE1834Jun07P.gif
June 7, 1834
(Saros 115)
SE1845May06An.gif
May 6, 1845
(Saros 116)
SE1856Apr05T.gif
April 5, 1856
(Saros 117)
SE1867Mar06A.gif
March 6, 1867
(Saros 118)
SE1878Feb02A.gif
February 2, 1878
(Saros 119)
SE1889Jan01T.png
January 1, 1889
(Saros 120)
SE1899Dec03A.png
December 3, 1899
(Saros 121)
SE1910Nov02P.png
November 2, 1910
(Saros 122)
SE1921Oct01T.png
October 1, 1921
(Saros 123)
SE1932Aug31T.png
August 31, 1932
(Saros 124)
SE1943Aug01A.png
August 1, 1943
(Saros 125)
SE1954Jun30T.png
June 30, 1954
(Saros 126)
SE1965May30T.png
May 30, 1965
(Saros 127)
SE1976Apr29A.png
April 29, 1976
(Saros 128)
SE1987Mar29H.png
March 29, 1987
(Saros 129)
SE1998Feb26T.png
February 26, 1998
(Saros 130)
SE2009Jan26A.png
January 26, 2009
(Saros 131)
SE2019Dec26A.png
December 26, 2019
(Saros 132)
SE2030Nov25T.png
November 25, 2030
(Saros 133)
SE2041Oct25A.png
October 25, 2041
(Saros 134)
SE2052Sep22A.png
September 22, 2052
(Saros 135)
SE2063Aug24T.png
August 24, 2063
(Saros 136)
SE2074Jul24A.png
July 24, 2074
(Saros 137)
SE2085Jun22A.png
June 22, 2085
(Saros 138)
SE2096May22T.png
May 22, 2096
(Saros 139)
SE2107Apr23A.png
April 23, 2107
(Saros 140)
SE2118Mar22A.png
March 22, 2118
(Saros 141)
SE2129Feb18T.png
February 18, 2129
(Saros 142)
SE2140Jan20A.png
January 20, 2140
(Saros 143)
SE2150Dec19A.png
December 19, 2150
(Saros 144)
SE2161Nov17T.png
November 17, 2161
(Saros 145)
SE2172Oct17H.png
October 17, 2172
(Saros 146)
Saros147 32van80 SE2183Sep16A.jpg
September 16, 2183
(Saros 147)
Saros148 31van75 SE2194Aug16T.jpg
August 16, 2194
(Saros 148)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1802Mar04T.png
March 4, 1802
(Saros 117)
SE1831Feb12A.gif
February 12, 1831
(Saros 118)
SE1860Jan23A.png
January 23, 1860
(Saros 119)
SE1889Jan01T.png
January 1, 1889
(Saros 120)
SE1917Dec14A.png
December 14, 1917
(Saros 121)
SE1946Nov23P.png
November 23, 1946
(Saros 122)
SE1975Nov03P.png
November 3, 1975
(Saros 123)
SE2004Oct14P.png
October 14, 2004
(Saros 124)
SE2033Sep23P.png
September 23, 2033
(Saros 125)
SE2062Sep03P.png
September 3, 2062
(Saros 126)
SE2091Aug15T.png
August 15, 2091
(Saros 127)
SE2120Jul25A.png
July 25, 2120
(Saros 128)
Saros129 59van80 SE2149Jul05T.jpg
July 5, 2149
(Saros 129)
SE2178Jun16T.png
June 16, 2178
(Saros 130)

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A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, September 8, 1885, with a magnitude of 1.0332. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.3 days after perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

References

  1. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  2. Andrew, Sherry. "Wovoka". apps.lib.umich.edu/. University of Michigan. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  3. "Total Solar Eclipse of 1889 Jan 01". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  4. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 120". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

Further reading