Solar eclipse of July 22, 1990

Last updated
Solar eclipse of July 22, 1990
1990.04 Pimennys (28866343838) (cropped).jpg
Partial from Finland
SE1990Jul22T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma 0.7597
Magnitude 1.0391
Maximum eclipse
Duration153 s (2 min 33 s)
Coordinates 65°12′N168°54′E / 65.2°N 168.9°E / 65.2; 168.9
Max. width of band201 km (125 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse3:03:07
References
Saros 126 (46 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9487

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Saturday, July 21 and Sunday, July 22, 1990, [1] with a magnitude of 1.0391. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 2.7 days after perigee (on July 19, 1990, at 12:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [2]

Contents

Totality was visible in southern Finland including its capital city Helsinki, the Soviet Union (including today's northern Estonia and northern Russia), and eastern Andreanof Islands and Amukta of Alaska. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Eastern Europe, North Asia, Alaska, western Canada, the western United States, and Hawaii.

In Finland, the solar eclipse occurred during sunrise and enabled observation and photography without protective glasses, which was however hampered by strong clouds. [3] The Sun was totally eclipsed in Helsinki began at 06:03:07 local time.

Observations

The Finnish Geodetic Institute conducted a series of measurements for 52 hours to study the changes in gravity using an absolute gravimeter in Helsinki. No abnormal values were recorded. [4] An observation team of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union went to the Solovetsky Islands, Arkhangelsk Oblast in the White Sea, and planned to take images of the corona with different exposure levels and record videos. However, there were clouds at sunrise on the eclipse day, and drizzle continued until noon, so the observation was not successful. [5]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [6]

July 22, 1990 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1990 July 22 at 00:40:59.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1990 July 22 at 01:53:08.5 UTC
First Central Line1990 July 22 at 01:54:21.6 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1990 July 22 at 01:55:35.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1990 July 22 at 02:37:42.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1990 July 22 at 02:55:15.0 UTC
Greatest Duration1990 July 22 at 03:00:36.7 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1990 July 22 at 03:03:07.3 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1990 July 22 at 04:10:58.3 UTC
Last Central Line1990 July 22 at 04:12:09.7 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1990 July 22 at 04:13:20.4 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1990 July 22 at 05:25:30.2 UTC
July 22, 1990 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.03908
Eclipse Obscuration1.07968
Gamma0.75972
Sun Right Ascension08h04m51.4s
Sun Declination+20°20'48.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'44.5"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.7"
Moon Right Ascension08h05m49.3s
Moon Declination+21°03'44.2"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'11.1"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°59'24.2"
ΔT57.2 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of July–August 1990
July 22
Descending node (new moon)
August 6
Ascending node (full moon)
SE1990Jul22T.png Lunar eclipse chart close-1990Aug06.png
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 126
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 138

Eclipses in 1990

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 126

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1990–1992

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [7]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1990 to 1992
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
121 January 26, 1990
SE1990Jan26A.png
Annular
−0.9457126
1990.04 Pimennys (28866343838) (cropped).jpg
Partial in Finland
July 22, 1990
SE1990Jul22T.png
Total
0.7597
131 January 15, 1991
SE1991Jan15A.png
Annular
−0.2727136
Eclipse CR 1991 a zoom.jpg
Totality in Playas del Coco,
Costa Rica
July 11, 1991
SE1991Jul11T.png
Total
−0.0041
141 January 4, 1992
SE1992Jan04A.png
Annular
0.4091146 June 30, 1992
SE1992Jun30T.png
Total
−0.7512
151 December 24, 1992
SE1992Dec24P.png
Partial
1.0711

Saros 126

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 126, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 10, 1179. It contains annular eclipses from June 4, 1323 through April 4, 1810; hybrid eclipses from April 14, 1828 through May 6, 1864; and total eclipses from May 17, 1882 through August 23, 2044. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on May 3, 2459. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 11 at 6 minutes, 30 seconds on June 26, 1359, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 45 at 2 minutes, 36 seconds on July 10, 1972. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [8]

Series members 36–57 occur between 1801 and 2200:
363738
SE1810Apr04A.gif
April 4, 1810
Saros126 37van72 SE1828Apr14H.jpg
April 14, 1828
SE1846Apr25H.gif
April 25, 1846
394041
SE1864May06H.gif
May 6, 1864
SE1882May17T.png
May 17, 1882
SE1900May28T.png
May 28, 1900
424344
SE1918Jun08T.png
June 8, 1918
SE1936Jun19T.png
June 19, 1936
SE1954Jun30T.png
June 30, 1954
454647
SE1972Jul10T.png
July 10, 1972
SE1990Jul22T.png
July 22, 1990
SE2008Aug01T.png
August 1, 2008
484950
SE2026Aug12T.png
August 12, 2026
SE2044Aug23T.png
August 23, 2044
SE2062Sep03P.png
September 3, 2062
515253
SE2080Sep13P.png
September 13, 2080
SE2098Sep25P.png
September 25, 2098
Saros126 53van72 SE2116Oct06P.jpg
October 6, 2116
545556
Saros126 54van72 SE2134Oct17P.jpg
October 17, 2134
Saros126 55van72 SE2152Oct28P.jpg
October 28, 2152
Saros126 56van72 SE2170Nov08P.jpg
November 8, 2170
57
Saros126 57van72 SE2188Nov18P.jpg
November 18, 2188

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between July 22, 1971 and July 22, 2047
July 22May 9–11February 26–27December 14–15October 2–3
116118120122124
SE1971Jul22P.png
July 22, 1971
SE1975May11P.png
May 11, 1975
SE1979Feb26T.png
February 26, 1979
SE1982Dec15P.png
December 15, 1982
SE1986Oct03H.png
October 3, 1986
126128130132134
SE1990Jul22T.png
July 22, 1990
SE1994May10A.png
May 10, 1994
SE1998Feb26T.png
February 26, 1998
SE2001Dec14A.png
December 14, 2001
SE2005Oct03A.png
October 3, 2005
136138140142144
SE2009Jul22T.png
July 22, 2009
SE2013May10A.png
May 10, 2013
SE2017Feb26A.png
February 26, 2017
SE2020Dec14T.png
December 14, 2020
SE2024Oct02A.png
October 2, 2024
146148150152154
SE2028Jul22T.png
July 22, 2028
SE2032May09A.png
May 9, 2032
SE2036Feb27P.png
February 27, 2036
SE2039Dec15T.png
December 15, 2039
SE2043Oct03A.png
October 3, 2043
156
SE2047Jul22P.png
July 22, 2047

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1805Jan01P.gif
January 1, 1805
(Saros 109)
SE1826Oct31P.gif
October 31, 1826
(Saros 111)
SE1848Aug28P.gif
August 28, 1848
(Saros 113)
SE1859Jul29P.gif
July 29, 1859
(Saros 114)
SE1870Jun28P.gif
June 28, 1870
(Saros 115)
SE1881May27P.gif
May 27, 1881
(Saros 116)
SE1892Apr26T.png
April 26, 1892
(Saros 117)
SE1903Mar29A.png
March 29, 1903
(Saros 118)
SE1914Feb25A.png
February 25, 1914
(Saros 119)
SE1925Jan24T.png
January 24, 1925
(Saros 120)
SE1935Dec25A.png
December 25, 1935
(Saros 121)
SE1946Nov23P.png
November 23, 1946
(Saros 122)
SE1957Oct23T.png
October 23, 1957
(Saros 123)
SE1968Sep22T.png
September 22, 1968
(Saros 124)
SE1979Aug22A.png
August 22, 1979
(Saros 125)
SE1990Jul22T.png
July 22, 1990
(Saros 126)
SE2001Jun21T.png
June 21, 2001
(Saros 127)
SE2012May20A.png
May 20, 2012
(Saros 128)
SE2023Apr20H.png
April 20, 2023
(Saros 129)
SE2034Mar20T.png
March 20, 2034
(Saros 130)
SE2045Feb16A.png
February 16, 2045
(Saros 131)
SE2056Jan16A.png
January 16, 2056
(Saros 132)
SE2066Dec17T.png
December 17, 2066
(Saros 133)
SE2077Nov15A.png
November 15, 2077
(Saros 134)
SE2088Oct14A.png
October 14, 2088
(Saros 135)
SE2099Sep14T.png
September 14, 2099
(Saros 136)
SE2110Aug15A.png
August 15, 2110
(Saros 137)
SE2121Jul14A.png
July 14, 2121
(Saros 138)
SE2132Jun13T.png
June 13, 2132
(Saros 139)
SE2143May14A.png
May 14, 2143
(Saros 140)
SE2154Apr12A.png
April 12, 2154
(Saros 141)
SE2165Mar12T.png
March 12, 2165
(Saros 142)
SE2176Feb10A.png
February 10, 2176
(Saros 143)
SE2187Jan09A.png
January 9, 2187
(Saros 144)
SE2197Dec09T.png
December 9, 2197
(Saros 145)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1816Nov19T.png
November 19, 1816
(Saros 120)
SE1845Oct30H.png
October 30, 1845
(Saros 121)
SE1874Oct10An.gif
October 10, 1874
(Saros 122)
SE1903Sep21T.png
September 21, 1903
(Saros 123)
SE1932Aug31T.png
August 31, 1932
(Saros 124)
SE1961Aug11A.png
August 11, 1961
(Saros 125)
SE1990Jul22T.png
July 22, 1990
(Saros 126)
SE2019Jul02T.png
July 2, 2019
(Saros 127)
SE2048Jun11A.png
June 11, 2048
(Saros 128)
SE2077May22T.png
May 22, 2077
(Saros 129)
SE2106May03T.png
May 3, 2106
(Saros 130)
SE2135Apr13A.png
April 13, 2135
(Saros 131)
SE2164Mar23H.png
March 23, 2164
(Saros 132)
SE2193Mar03T.png
March 3, 2193
(Saros 133)

Notes

  1. "July 22, 1990 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  3. "Sonnenfinsternis in Finnland". www.bujack.de. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
  4. Jaakko Mäkinen (December 1990). "Absolute Gravity Measurements During the July 22, 1990 Total Solar Eclipse in Finland". Bulletin d'Information of the Bureau Gravimétrique International. 67: 203–208. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019.
  5. "СОЛНЕЧНОЕ ЗАТМЕНИЕ 22 ИЮЛЯ 1990 г. НАДЕЖДЫ И РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ" (in Russian). IZMIRAN. Archived from the original on 7 September 2019.
  6. "Total Solar Eclipse of 1990 Jul 22". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  7. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  8. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 126". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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References

Photos: