Solar eclipse of April 19, 1958

Last updated
Solar eclipse of April 19, 1958
SE1958Apr19A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma 0.275
Magnitude 0.9408
Maximum eclipse
Duration427 sec (7 m 7 s)
Coordinates 26°30′N123°36′E / 26.5°N 123.6°E / 26.5; 123.6
Max. width of band228 km (142 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse3:27:17
References
Saros 128 (55 of 73)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9416

An annular solar eclipse occurred on April 19, 1958. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Annularity was visible in the Maldives, Nicobar Islands, Burma, Thailand including the capital city Bangkok, Cambodia, Laos, North Vietnam and South Vietnam (now belonging to Vietnam), China, British Hong Kong, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands and Japan. It was the fourth central solar eclipse visible from Bangkok from 1948 to 1958, where it is rare for a large city to witness 4 central solar eclipses in just 9.945 years. Places east of International Date line witnessed the eclipse on April 18 (Friday).

Contents

Observation

Compared with a total solar eclipse, the chromosphere, corona and solar prominence are invisible during an annular eclipse. However, observations of millimeter-wave solar radio can provide data for lower- and mid-layer structure of the chromosphere, which is more valuable during an annular solar eclipse. [1]

China

A joint observation team formed by the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (predecessor of today's Russian Academy of Sciences) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted 8-millimeter radio observation in Sanya, Hainan Island, China using the equatorial parabolic radio telescope manufactured by the Lebedev Physical Institute and the dual-channel radiometer as a receiver. [1] [2] Radio astronomy started to develop from then in China. [3] Due to the Sino-Soviet split soon after this eclipse, the two countries did not conduct any joint observations of the total solar eclipse of September 22, 1968. On January 23, 1969, the People's Daily published an article reporting the observation of the eclipse in 1968, where it also criticized that the Soviet Union "plundered data of the annular solar eclipse" in 1958, only left China a "worn radio telescope antenna", and later even asked for it back. [4]

Japan

Observation ships were sent to Hachijō-jima, Izu Islands, Japan. [5] Pictures were also taken in Tanegashima, Osumi Islands, and luminosity, air pressure, temperature, humidity, water temperature of the storage tank, ground temperature, wind direction, wind speed and other data were recorded every 10 minutes. [6]

Solar eclipses of 1957–1960

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [7]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1957–1960
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapSarosMap
118 SE1957Apr30A.png
1957 April 30
Annular (non-central)		123 SE1957Oct23T.png
1957 October 23
Total (non-central)
128 SE1958Apr19A.png
1958 April 19
Annular		133 SE1958Oct12T.png
1958 October 12
Total
138 SE1959Apr08A.png
1959 April 8
Annular		143 SE1959Oct02T.png
1959 October 2
Total
148 SE1960Mar27P.png
1960 March 27
Partial		153 SE1960Sep20P.png
1960 September 20
Partial

Saros 128

This eclipse is a member of the Solar Saros cycle 128, which includes 73 eclipses occurring in intervals of 18 years and 11 days. The series started with partial solar eclipse on August 29, 984 AD. From May 16, 1417 through June 18, 1471 the series produced total solar eclipses, followed by hybrid solar eclipses from June 28, 1489 through July 31, 1543, and annular solar eclipses from August 11, 1561 through July 25, 2120. The series ends at member 73 as a partial eclipse on November 1, 2282. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon’s descending node.

Series members 52–68 occur between 1901 and 2200
525354
SE1904Mar17A.png
March 17, 1904 		SE1922Mar28A.png
March 28, 1922 		SE1940Apr07A.png
April 7, 1940
555657
SE1958Apr19A.png
April 19, 1958 		SE1976Apr29A.png
April 29, 1976 		SE1994May10A.png
May 10, 1994
585960
SE2012May20A.png
May 20, 2012 		SE2030Jun01A.png
June 1, 2030 		SE2048Jun11A.png
June 11, 2048
616263
SE2066Jun22A.png
June 22, 2066 		SE2084Jul03A.png
July 3, 2084 		SE2102Jul15A.png
July 15, 2102
646566
SE2120Jul25A.png
July 25, 2120		August 5, 2138 (Partial)August 16, 2156 (Partial)
6768
August 27, 2174 (Partial)September 6, 2192 (Partial)

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between September 12, 1931 and July 1, 2011.
September 11-12June 30-July 1April 17-19February 4-5November 22-23
114116118120122
SE1931Sep12P.png
September 12, 1931 		SE1935Jun30P.png
June 30, 1935 		SE1939Apr19A.png
April 19, 1939 		SE1943Feb04T.png
February 4, 1943 		SE1946Nov23P.png
November 23, 1946
124126128130132
SE1950Sep12T.png
September 12, 1950 		SE1954Jun30T.png
June 30, 1954 		SE1958Apr19A.png
April 19, 1958 		SE1962Feb05T.png
February 5, 1962 		SE1965Nov23A.png
November 23, 1965
134136138140142
SE1969Sep11A.png
September 11, 1969 		SE1973Jun30T.png
June 30, 1973 		SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977 		SE1981Feb04A.png
February 4, 1981 		SE1984Nov22T.png
November 22, 1984
144146148150152
SE1988Sep11A.png
September 11, 1988 		SE1992Jun30T.png
June 30, 1992 		SE1996Apr17P.png
April 17, 1996 		SE2000Feb05P.png
February 5, 2000 		SE2003Nov23T.png
November 23, 2003
154156
SE2007Sep11P.png
September 11, 2007 		SE2011Jul01P.png
July 1, 2011

Notes

  1. 1 2 Н. А. Аменицкий, 李征帆, А. Е. Саломонович, У. В. Хангильдин, 陳鈞量 (June 1959). "1958年4月19日日环食时8毫米太阳射电观测". 天文学报 (Acta Astronomica Sinica). 7 (1): 7–10.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ "Кольцеобразное солнечное затмение 19 апреля 1958 года". Archived from the original on 10 August 2009.
  3. ↑ 储姗姗 (2013). "1958年中苏海南岛日食观测与中国射电天文学的开端". 2013中国天文学会学术年会文集.
  4. ↑ "用毛泽东思想探索太阳的奥秘——记我国首次大规模日全食综合观测队". People's Daily . 23 January 1969. 一九五八年苏修打着"中苏日环食联合观测"的幌子，来我国掠取日环食资料。观测结束后，把一台破烂不堪的射电望远镜天线留在中国，还美其名曰"帮助中国发展射电天文学"。后来，赫鲁晓夫修正主义集团把这个破烂的射电望远镜天线也要了回去。
  5. ↑ "トカラ列島を中心に長い金環日食". 日食ナビ. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
  6. ↑ "1958年(昭和33年)の金環日食". 鹿児島県天文協会 (Kagoshima Prefecture Astronomical Association). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  7. ↑ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.

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References

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