Solar eclipse of May 20, 1966

Last updated
Solar eclipse of May 20, 1966
SE1966May20A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma 0.3467
Magnitude 0.9991
Maximum eclipse
Duration5 s (0 min 5 s)
Coordinates 39°12′N26°24′E / 39.2°N 26.4°E / 39.2; 26.4
Max. width of band3 km (1.9 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse9:39:02
References
Saros 137 (33 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9434

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, May 20, 1966, [1] with a magnitude of 0.9991. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 6.8 days after apogee (on May 13, 1966, at 14:00 UTC) and 7.2 days before perigee (on May 27, 1966, at 15:00 UTC). [2]

Contents

Annularity was visible from Guinea (including the capital city Conakry), Mali, Algeria, Libya, Greece, Turkey, the Soviet Union (today's Russia and Kazakhstan) and China. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North Africa, Central Africa, Northeast Africa, Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, North Asia, and South Asia.

Observations

During this eclipse, the apex of the moon's umbral cone was very close to the Earth's surface, and the magnitude was very large. The edges of the moon and the sun were very close to each other as seen from the Earth. Baily's beads on the lunar limb, which are usually only visible during a total solar eclipse, could also be seen. Therefore this eclipse was also an excellent opportunity to measure the size and shape of the Earth, as well as the mountains and valleys on the lunar limb. Many scientists observed the annular eclipse in Greece and Turkey, which are close to the location of maximum eclipse and have better observation conditions. The observation sites in Greece were mainly concentrated in Saronida and Anavyssos south of Athens, while those in Turkey were mainly concentrated in Ayvalik, across the sea facing the Greek island Lesbos. [3]

Similar to the Baily's beads, the corona is generally only visible in a total solar eclipse. Because the magnitude of this annular eclipse was close to 1, some predicted that the corona would be visible. An observation team went to Lesbos Island but only saw the Baily's beads, not the corona. [4]

Prior to it, the two hybrid solar eclipses of April 17, 1912 and April 28, 1930, and another annular solar eclipse of May 9, 1948 also belonging to Solar Saros 137, also occurred with a magnitude close to 1. Observations were made near Paris in France, Camptonville, California and Rebun Island in Japan respectively. [3]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [5]

May 20, 1966 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1966 May 20 at 06:50:51.2 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1966 May 20 at 07:54:07.8 UTC
First Central Line1966 May 20 at 07:54:41.4 UTC
Greatest Duration1966 May 20 at 07:54:41.4 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1966 May 20 at 07:55:14.9 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact1966 May 20 at 09:07:24.3 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1966 May 20 at 09:39:01.6 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1966 May 20 at 09:42:51.0 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1966 May 20 at 09:51:45.8 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact1966 May 20 at 10:10:21.8 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1966 May 20 at 11:22:42.3 UTC
Last Central Line1966 May 20 at 11:23:12.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1966 May 20 at 11:23:43.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1966 May 20 at 12:27:00.2 UTC
May 20, 1966 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.99915
Eclipse Obscuration0.99830
Gamma0.34672
Sun Right Ascension03h46m47.1s
Sun Declination+19°55'23.3"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'48.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.7"
Moon Right Ascension03h46m20.7s
Moon Declination+20°14'08.1"
Moon Semi-Diameter15'33.4"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°57'05.7"
ΔT36.9 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of May 1966
May 4
Descending node (full moon)
May 20
Ascending node (new moon)
Lunar eclipse chart close-1966May04.png SE1966May20A.png
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 111
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 137

Eclipses in 1966

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 137

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1964–1967

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [6]

The partial solar eclipses on January 14, 1964 and July 9, 1964 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1964 to 1967
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
117 June 10, 1964
SE1964Jun10P.png
Partial
−1.1393122 December 4, 1964
SE1964Dec04P.png
Partial
1.1193
127 May 30, 1965
SE1965May30T.png
Total
−0.4225132 November 23, 1965
SE1965Nov23A.png
Annular
0.3906
137 May 20, 1966
SE1966May20A.png
Annular
0.3467142 November 12, 1966
SE1966Nov12T.png
Total
−0.33
147 May 9, 1967
SE1967May09P.png
Partial
1.1422152 November 2, 1967
SE1967Nov02T.png
Total (non-central)
1.0007

Saros 137

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 137, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 25, 1389. It contains total eclipses from August 20, 1533 through December 6, 1695; the first set of hybrid eclipses from December 17, 1713 through February 11, 1804; the first set of annular eclipses from February 21, 1822 through March 25, 1876; the second set of hybrid eclipses from April 6, 1894 through April 28, 1930; and the second set of annular eclipses from May 9, 1948 through April 13, 2507. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 28, 2633. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 11 at 2 minutes, 55 seconds on September 10, 1569, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 59 at 7 minutes, 5 seconds on February 28, 2435. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [7]

Series members 24–46 occur between 1801 and 2200:
242526
SE1804Feb11H.png
February 11, 1804
SE1822Feb21A.png
February 21, 1822
SE1840Mar04A.png
March 4, 1840
272829
SE1858Mar15A.png
March 15, 1858
SE1876Mar25A.png
March 25, 1876
SE1894Apr06H.png
April 6, 1894
303132
SE1912Apr17H.png
April 17, 1912
SE1930Apr28H.png
April 28, 1930
SE1948May09A.png
May 9, 1948
333435
SE1966May20A.png
May 20, 1966
SE1984May30A.png
May 30, 1984
SE2002Jun10A.png
June 10, 2002
363738
SE2020Jun21A.png
June 21, 2020
SE2038Jul02A.png
July 2, 2038
SE2056Jul12A.png
July 12, 2056
394041
SE2074Jul24A.png
July 24, 2074
SE2092Aug03A.png
August 3, 2092
SE2110Aug15A.png
August 15, 2110
424344
SE2128Aug25A.png
August 25, 2128
SE2146Sep06A.png
September 6, 2146
SE2164Sep16A.png
September 16, 2164
4546
SE2182Sep27A.png
September 27, 2182
SE2200Oct09A.png
October 9, 2200

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 24, 1916 and July 31, 2000
December 24–25October 12July 31–August 1May 19–20March 7
111113115117119
SE1916Dec24P.png
December 24, 1916
SE1924Jul31P.png
July 31, 1924
SE1928May19T.png
May 19, 1928
SE1932Mar07A.png
March 7, 1932
121123125127129
SE1935Dec25A.png
December 25, 1935
SE1939Oct12T.png
October 12, 1939
SE1943Aug01A.png
August 1, 1943
SE1947May20T.png
May 20, 1947
SE1951Mar07A.png
March 7, 1951
131133135137139
SE1954Dec25A.png
December 25, 1954
SE1958Oct12T.png
October 12, 1958
SE1962Jul31A.png
July 31, 1962
SE1966May20A.png
May 20, 1966
SE1970Mar07T.png
March 7, 1970
141143145147149
SE1973Dec24A.png
December 24, 1973
SE1977Oct12T.png
October 12, 1977
SE1981Jul31T.png
July 31, 1981
SE1985May19P.png
May 19, 1985
SE1989Mar07P.png
March 7, 1989
151153155
SE1992Dec24P.png
December 24, 1992
SE1996Oct12P.png
October 12, 1996
SE2000Jul31P.png
July 31, 2000

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1802Aug28A.png
August 28, 1802
(Saros 122)
SE1813Jul27T.gif
July 27, 1813
(Saros 123)
SE1824Jun26T.png
June 26, 1824
(Saros 124)
SE1835May27A.gif
May 27, 1835
(Saros 125)
SE1846Apr25H.gif
April 25, 1846
(Saros 126)
SE1857Mar25T.png
March 25, 1857
(Saros 127)
SE1868Feb23A.gif
February 23, 1868
(Saros 128)
SE1879Jan22A.gif
January 22, 1879
(Saros 129)
SE1889Dec22T.png
December 22, 1889
(Saros 130)
SE1900Nov22A.png
November 22, 1900
(Saros 131)
SE1911Oct22A.png
October 22, 1911
(Saros 132)
SE1922Sep21T.png
September 21, 1922
(Saros 133)
SE1933Aug21A.png
August 21, 1933
(Saros 134)
SE1944Jul20A.png
July 20, 1944
(Saros 135)
SE1955Jun20T.png
June 20, 1955
(Saros 136)
SE1966May20A.png
May 20, 1966
(Saros 137)
SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977
(Saros 138)
SE1988Mar18T.png
March 18, 1988
(Saros 139)
SE1999Feb16A.png
February 16, 1999
(Saros 140)
SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
(Saros 141)
SE2020Dec14T.png
December 14, 2020
(Saros 142)
SE2031Nov14H.png
November 14, 2031
(Saros 143)
SE2042Oct14A.png
October 14, 2042
(Saros 144)
SE2053Sep12T.png
September 12, 2053
(Saros 145)
SE2064Aug12T.png
August 12, 2064
(Saros 146)
SE2075Jul13A.png
July 13, 2075
(Saros 147)
SE2086Jun11T.png
June 11, 2086
(Saros 148)
SE2097May11T.png
May 11, 2097
(Saros 149)
Saros150 22van71 SE2108Apr11P.jpg
April 11, 2108
(Saros 150)
Saros151 20van72 SE2119Mar11A.jpg
March 11, 2119
(Saros 151)
Saros152 19van70 SE2130Feb08T.jpg
February 8, 2130
(Saros 152)
SE2141Jan08A.png
January 8, 2141
(Saros 153)
Saros154 14van71 SE2151Dec08A.jpg
December 8, 2151
(Saros 154)
Saros155 14van71 SE2162Nov07T.jpg
November 7, 2162
(Saros 155)
Saros156 10van69 SE2173Oct07A.jpg
October 7, 2173
(Saros 156)
SE2184Sep04A.png
September 4, 2184
(Saros 157)
Saros158 08van70 SE2195Aug05T.jpg
August 5, 2195
(Saros 158)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1821Aug27A.gif
August 27, 1821
(Saros 132)
SE1850Aug07T.gif
August 7, 1850
(Saros 133)
SE1879Jul19A.png
July 19, 1879
(Saros 134)
SE1908Jun28A.png
June 28, 1908
(Saros 135)
SE1937Jun08T.png
June 8, 1937
(Saros 136)
SE1966May20A.png
May 20, 1966
(Saros 137)
SE1995Apr29A.png
April 29, 1995
(Saros 138)
SE2024Apr08T.png
April 8, 2024
(Saros 139)
SE2053Mar20A.png
March 20, 2053
(Saros 140)
SE2082Feb27A.png
February 27, 2082
(Saros 141)
SE2111Feb08T.png
February 8, 2111
(Saros 142)
SE2140Jan20A.png
January 20, 2140
(Saros 143)
SE2168Dec29A.png
December 29, 2168
(Saros 144)
SE2197Dec09T.png
December 9, 2197
(Saros 145)

Notes

  1. "May 20, 1966 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  3. 1 2 Xavier M. Jubier. "Eclipse annulaire de Soleil du 20 mai 1966 depuis la Grèce ou la Turquie (Annular Solar Eclipse of 1966 May 20 in Greece or Turkey)". Archived from the original on 22 January 2020.
  4. Hunt, H. C. (May 1966). "Solar eclipse report 1966 May 20" (PDF). The Astronomer. 3: B11–B12.
  5. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1966 May 20". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  6. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  7. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 137". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, August 10, 1934, with a magnitude of 0.9436. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only 1.4 days after apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of December 2, 1937</span> 20th-century annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Thursday, December 2 and Friday, December 3, 1937, with a magnitude of 0.9184. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 18 hours before apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

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