Solar eclipse of January 4, 1992

Last updated
Solar eclipse of January 4, 1992
Annular eclipse
SE1992Jan04A.png
Map
Gamma 0.4091
Magnitude 0.9179
Maximum eclipse
Duration701 s (11 min 41 s)
Coordinates 1°00′N169°42′W / 1°N 169.7°W / 1; -169.7
Max. width of band340 km (210 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse23:05:37
References
Saros 141 (22 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9490

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Saturday, January 4 and Sunday, January 5, 1992, [1] with a magnitude of 0.9179. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.5 days before apogee (on January 6, 1992, at 11:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. [2]

Contents

The duration of annularity at maximum eclipse (closest to but slightly shorter than the longest duration) was 11 minutes, 40.9 seconds in the Pacific. It will have been the longest annular solar eclipse until January 2, 3062, but the solar eclipse of December 24, 1973 lasted longer. [3]

Annularity was visible in the Federal States of Micronesia, Nauru, Kiribati, Baker Island, Palmyra Atoll, Kingman Reef, and southwestern California, including the southwestern part of Los Angeles. [4] A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Northeast Asia, Northern Australia, Oceania, Hawaii, and western North America.

Observations

In San Diego, the eclipse was described as "thrilling", with one observer saying it "looked like God was putting out a fire in the ocean". [5] At other locations (like northeast Australia and the southern Philippines), it was partially obscured by clouds. [5] Most attempts to view the eclipse from Los Angeles were unsuccessful [6] due to cloud cover (and rain which ruined several campsites set up for eclipse-viewing). [7] An astronomer there said that, while around ten thousand people had gathered there to watch the event, it was "completely socked up" and "as if there was no eclipse at all". [5]

While it was only a partial eclipse in Hawaii, people nonetheless gathered to watch it; a museum reported 3,000 people in attendance during the event, although it was noted that "it was hard to tell who were there for the eclipse and who just kind of stumbled upon it". [8]

Images

SE1992Jan04A.gif

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [9]

January 4, 1992 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1992 January 04 at 20:04:35.0 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1992 January 04 at 21:13:17.2 UTC
First Central Line1992 January 04 at 21:17:01.0 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1992 January 04 at 21:20:46.2 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact1992 January 04 at 22:52:57.9 UTC
Greatest Duration1992 January 04 at 22:56:52.3 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1992 January 04 at 23:05:37.0 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1992 January 04 at 23:10:33.0 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1992 January 04 at 23:15:42.7 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact1992 January 04 at 23:18:00.0 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1992 January 05 at 00:50:20.4 UTC
Last Central Line1992 January 05 at 00:54:06.6 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1992 January 05 at 00:57:51.5 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1992 January 05 at 02:06:36.8 UTC
January 4, 1992 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.91791
Eclipse Obscuration0.84256
Gamma0.40908
Sun Right Ascension19h00m10.0s
Sun Declination-22°43'13.0"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'15.9"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension18h59m50.7s
Moon Declination-22°21'37.6"
Moon Semi-Diameter14'43.6"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°54'02.8"
ΔT58.3 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of December 1991–January 1992
December 21
Descending node (full moon)
January 4
Ascending node (new moon)
Lunar eclipse chart close-1991Dec21.png SE1992Jan04A.png
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 115
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 141

Eclipses in 1992

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 141

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1990–1992

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [10]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1990 to 1992
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
121 January 26, 1990
SE1990Jan26A.png
Annular
−0.9457126
1990.04 Pimennys (28866343838) (cropped).jpg
Partial in Finland
July 22, 1990
SE1990Jul22T.png
Total
0.7597
131 January 15, 1991
SE1991Jan15A.png
Annular
−0.2727136
Eclipse CR 1991 a zoom.jpg
Totality in Playas del Coco,
Costa Rica
July 11, 1991
SE1991Jul11T.png
Total
−0.0041
141 January 4, 1992
SE1992Jan04A.png
Annular
0.4091146 June 30, 1992
SE1992Jun30T.png
Total
−0.7512
151 December 24, 1992
SE1992Dec24P.png
Partial
1.0711

Saros 141

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 141, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 19, 1613. It contains annular eclipses from August 4, 1739 through October 14, 2640. There are no hybrid or total eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on June 13, 2857. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 20 at 12 minutes, 9 seconds on December 14, 1955. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [11]

Series members 12–33 occur between 1801 and 2200:
121314
SE1811Sep17A.png
September 17, 1811
SE1829Sep28A.png
September 28, 1829
SE1847Oct09A.png
October 9, 1847
151617
SE1865Oct19A.png
October 19, 1865
SE1883Oct30A.png
October 30, 1883
SE1901Nov11A.png
November 11, 1901
181920
SE1919Nov22A.png
November 22, 1919
SE1937Dec02A.png
December 2, 1937
SE1955Dec14A.png
December 14, 1955
212223
SE1973Dec24A.png
December 24, 1973
SE1992Jan04A.png
January 4, 1992
SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
242526
SE2028Jan26A.png
January 26, 2028
SE2046Feb05A.png
February 5, 2046
SE2064Feb17A.png
February 17, 2064
272829
SE2082Feb27A.png
February 27, 2082
SE2100Mar10A.png
March 10, 2100
SE2118Mar22A.png
March 22, 2118
303132
SE2136Apr01A.png
April 1, 2136
SE2154Apr12A.png
April 12, 2154
SE2172Apr23A.png
April 23, 2172
33
SE2190May04A.png
May 4, 2190

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between January 5, 1935 and August 11, 2018
January 4–5October 23–24August 10–12May 30–31March 18–19
111113115117119
SE1935Jan05P.png
January 5, 1935
SE1942Aug12P.png
August 12, 1942
SE1946May30P.png
May 30, 1946
SE1950Mar18A.png
March 18, 1950
121123125127129
SE1954Jan05A.png
January 5, 1954
SE1957Oct23T.png
October 23, 1957
SE1961Aug11A.png
August 11, 1961
SE1965May30T.png
May 30, 1965
SE1969Mar18A.png
March 18, 1969
131133135137139
SE1973Jan04A.png
January 4, 1973
SE1976Oct23T.png
October 23, 1976
SE1980Aug10A.png
August 10, 1980
SE1984May30A.png
May 30, 1984
SE1988Mar18T.png
March 18, 1988
141143145147149
SE1992Jan04A.png
January 4, 1992
SE1995Oct24T.png
October 24, 1995
SE1999Aug11T.png
August 11, 1999
SE2003May31A.png
May 31, 2003
SE2007Mar19P.png
March 19, 2007
151153155
SE2011Jan04P.png
January 4, 2011
SE2014Oct23P.png
October 23, 2014
SE2018Aug11P.png
August 11, 2018

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1806Jun16T.png
June 16, 1806
(Saros 124)
SE1817May16A.gif
May 16, 1817
(Saros 125)
Saros126 37van72 SE1828Apr14H.jpg
April 14, 1828
(Saros 126)
SE1839Mar15T.gif
March 15, 1839
(Saros 127)
SE1850Feb12A.gif
February 12, 1850
(Saros 128)
SE1861Jan11A.gif
January 11, 1861
(Saros 129)
SE1871Dec12T.png
December 12, 1871
(Saros 130)
SE1882Nov10A.gif
November 10, 1882
(Saros 131)
SE1893Oct09A.gif
October 9, 1893
(Saros 132)
SE1904Sep09T.png
September 9, 1904
(Saros 133)
SE1915Aug10A.png
August 10, 1915
(Saros 134)
SE1926Jul09A.png
July 9, 1926
(Saros 135)
SE1937Jun08T.png
June 8, 1937
(Saros 136)
SE1948May09A.png
May 9, 1948
(Saros 137)
SE1959Apr08A.png
April 8, 1959
(Saros 138)
SE1970Mar07T.png
March 7, 1970
(Saros 139)
SE1981Feb04A.png
February 4, 1981
(Saros 140)
SE1992Jan04A.png
January 4, 1992
(Saros 141)
SE2002Dec04T.png
December 4, 2002
(Saros 142)
SE2013Nov03H.png
November 3, 2013
(Saros 143)
SE2024Oct02A.png
October 2, 2024
(Saros 144)
SE2035Sep02T.png
September 2, 2035
(Saros 145)
SE2046Aug02T.png
August 2, 2046
(Saros 146)
SE2057Jul01A.png
July 1, 2057
(Saros 147)
SE2068May31T.png
May 31, 2068
(Saros 148)
SE2079May01T.png
May 1, 2079
(Saros 149)
SE2090Mar31P.png
March 31, 2090
(Saros 150)
SE2101Feb28A.png
February 28, 2101
(Saros 151)
Saros152 18van70 SE2112Jan29T.jpg
January 29, 2112
(Saros 152)
Saros153 15van70 SE2122Dec28A.jpg
December 28, 2122
(Saros 153)
Saros154 13van71 SE2133Nov26A.jpg
November 26, 2133
(Saros 154)
Saros155 13van71 SE2144Oct26T.jpg
October 26, 2144
(Saros 155)
Saros156 09van69 SE2155Sep26A.jpg
September 26, 2155
(Saros 156)
SE2166Aug25A.png
August 25, 2166
(Saros 157)
Saros158 07van70 SE2177Jul25P.jpg
July 25, 2177
(Saros 158)
Saros159 04van70 SE2188Jun24P.jpg
June 24, 2188
(Saros 159)
Saros160 02van71 SE2199May24P.jpg
May 24, 2199
(Saros 160)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1818May05A.png
May 5, 1818
(Saros 135)
SE1847Apr15T.png
April 15, 1847
(Saros 136)
SE1876Mar25A.png
March 25, 1876
(Saros 137)
SE1905Mar06A.png
March 6, 1905
(Saros 138)
SE1934Feb14T.png
February 14, 1934
(Saros 139)
SE1963Jan25A.png
January 25, 1963
(Saros 140)
SE1992Jan04A.png
January 4, 1992
(Saros 141)
SE2020Dec14T.png
December 14, 2020
(Saros 142)
SE2049Nov25H.png
November 25, 2049
(Saros 143)
SE2078Nov04A.png
November 4, 2078
(Saros 144)
SE2107Oct16T.png
October 16, 2107
(Saros 145)
SE2136Sep26T.png
September 26, 2136
(Saros 146)
Saros147 31van80 SE2165Sep05A.jpg
September 5, 2165
(Saros 147)
Saros148 31van75 SE2194Aug16T.jpg
August 16, 2194
(Saros 148)

Notes

  1. "January 4–5, 1992 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  3. "Annular Solar Eclipses with Durations Exceeding 11m 00s: -3999 to 6000". NASA Eclipse Web Site.
  4. "Sunset eclipse expected to dazzle West today". The Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. 1992-01-04.
  5. 1 2 3 "Clouds Obscure Eclipse in Some Areas". Tulsa World. 1992-01-05.
  6. "Clouds conceal solar eclipse". Edmonton Journal. 1992-01-05. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-24 via Newspapers.com.
  7. "Hundreds hoping to see spectacle are disappointed". Ventura County Star. 1992-01-05. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-10-24 via Newspapers.com.
  8. "Partial eclipse: Isle folk were only partially interested". The Honolulu Advertiser. 1992-01-05. p. 3. Retrieved 2023-10-24 via Newspapers.com.
  9. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1992 Jan 04". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  10. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  11. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 141". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

Photos:

Template Solar eclipses