Solar eclipse of June 19, 1936

Last updated
Solar eclipse of June 19, 1936
SE1936Jun19T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma 0.5389
Magnitude 1.0329
Maximum eclipse
Duration151 s (2 min 31 s)
Coordinates 56°06′N104°42′E / 56.1°N 104.7°E / 56.1; 104.7
Max. width of band132 km (82 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse5:20:31
References
Saros 126 (43 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9367
Astronomers in Turkey observing the 1936 eclipse 1936 uludag.jpg
Astronomers in Turkey observing the 1936 eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, June 19, 1936, [1] with a magnitude of 1.0329. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.3 days after perigee (on June 15, 1936, at 22:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [2]

Contents

The path of totality crossed Greece, Turkey, USSR, China and the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The maximum eclipse was near Bratsk and lasted about 2.5 minutes. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Europe, Northeast Africa, Asia, and northern North America.

The Evening Standard reported that the "preparations for to-day's eclipse have been going forward for the past two years", and that a British expedition led by amateur astronomer R. L. Waterfield saw "excellent atmospheric conditions" from its observation point on Cap Sunium. [3] Similar observations were made by teams in Hokkaido, some hours later, allowing their observations of the Sun's corona to be compared "to find out whether any changes in shape or in detail of the corona have taken place in this interval". [3] A Russian team in Krasnoyarsk reported successful observation from a high-altitude balloon, where scientists "hoped to make observations at a height of some 15 miles". [3] There were also observers in the south of Greece, from Greece, Italy and Poland, the latter of which were "successful in obtaining cinematograph pictures of the eclipse". [3] Several long prominences (more than a million miles long) were observed, as well as the planet Venus. [3]

A United States expedition in Siberia conducted experiments on the ionosphere, with the Associated Press reporting that "indications that the earth's electrified roof, which, many miles above the surface of the globe, reflects back radio impulses, is formed mostly as a result of ultra-violet sun radiations appeared in preliminary results of the solar eclipse observations". [4]

Observations

Soviet Union

Except for the total solar eclipse of June 29, 1927, which was only visible from the sparsely populated Arctic Ocean coast, this was the first total solar eclipse visible within the Soviet Union since its founding (the previous one was in 1914 when it was still ruled by Russian Empire). 28 Soviet teams (including 17 astronomical observation teams and 11 geophysical observation teams) [5] and 12 international teams from France, the United Kingdom, the United States, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, the Netherlands, China, Japan and Poland made observations in the Soviet Union. [6] There were 370 astronomers in the teams. To offer better conditions for the 70 foreigners among them, the Central Committee of All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) promoted a policy to reduce railway and water transportation fair by 50%. [7] The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union established a special committee and made preparations for two years. The government raised 60,000, 365,000 and 400,000 roubles respectively in 1934, 1935 and 1936. Experts from the Leningrad Astronomical Institute manufactured 6 coronagraphs with a diameter of 100 mm and a focal length of 5 metres, distributed to Pulkovo Observatory, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow branch of the All-Union Astronomical and Geodetic Society  [ ru ], Institute of Astronomy of Kharkiv National University, V. P. Engel'gardt Astronomical Observatory and Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute  [ ru ]. Besides observations on the ground, balloons [8] and aircraft [9] were also used.

Among them, Pulkovo Observatory and its Simeiz branch (now Crimean Astrophysical Observatory) sent three teams. The first studied the chromosphere and solar prominences in Akbulak, Orenburg Oblast, led by Boris Gerasimovich, chairman of the Special Committee for Solar Eclipse Observation of the Academy of Sciences. The second went to Sara, Orenburg Oblast, led by Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov. The third studied the corona in Omsk, led by Innokenty Andreevich Balanovsky  [ ru ]. The team of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute went to the village of Bochkarev (Бочкарёв) in the suburbs of Kuybyshevka (now Belogorsk, Amur Oblast) to study the spectrum of the chromosphere and corona, the polarization of the corona and the light bending in gravitational fields proposed by the theory of relativity. The team of Kharkiv Observatory studied the luminosity, polarization and chromospheric spectrum of the corona in Belorechensk, Krasnodar Krai, led by Nikolai Barabashov. The team of the Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory studied coronal radiation. The team of the Moscow branch of the All-Union Astronomical and Geodetic Society made standard coronagraph observations and led amateur observations nationwide. The team of V. P. Engel'gardt Astronomical Observatory studied the visible spectrum of the corona with diffraction gratings and took images of the corona with standard coronagraphs in Kostanay Region in today's Kazakhstan. [10] [11]

An American team of 24 people led by Donald Howard Menzel went to Akbulak together with the Pulkovo Observatory team. A team of four astronomers of Arcetri Observatory, Italy led by Giorgio Abetti went to Sara together with another team of the Pulkovo Observatory. [5]

Japan

Japan sent 20 astronomy observation teams and 18 geophysics observation teams to Hokkaido. In addition, teams from the United Kingdom, the United States, India, China, Czechoslovakia and Poland also went to Hokkaido. Some were successful and some were not. Interestingly, another total solar eclipse of August 9, 1896 was also visible in the coastal town Eshashi of Esashi District, which received many foreign scientists at that time. Therefore, despite the inconvenient transportation, Kwasan Observatory of Kyoto University and a Chinese team still selected it as the observation site. [12]

China

In November 1934, astronomer Gao Lu  [ zh ] organized the Chinese Solar Eclipse Observation Committee shortly after the establishment of the Purple Mountain Observatory, to prepare for observations of this eclipse in 1936, and the solar eclipse of September 21, 1941 (another total solar eclipse in 1943 was also visible in Northeast China, the Soviet Union and Japan, but there was no plans or actual activities of any kind of observations in China). The committee was inside the Institute of Astronomy, with Cai Yuanpei being the chairman, and Gao Lu the secretary-general. It asked for a fund of 30,000 from the government during the preparation, and received another 120,000 from the British, French and American portions of the Boxer Indemnities Committee. Although the path of totality of this eclipse passed through northeast China, it was relatively remote located on the Sino-Soviet border, and was already under control of Manchukuo, a Japanese puppet state. In the end, 2 teams were sent abroad. This was the first time that Chinese scientific observation teams made observations abroad.

One team consisted of only Zhang Yuzhe and Li Heng  [ zh ], going to Siberia, the Soviet Union. They initially planned to go to Orenburg Oblast with better weather conditions, but because the time was limited, they finally chose Khabarovsk. The two took a ship from Shanghai to Japan on May 31, then transferred to a train to Tsuruga and then transferred again a ship, arriving in Vladivostok on June 9. After staying there for 2 days, they took an international train and arrived in Khabarovsk on June 11. The goals include taking images of the corona, measuring the time of the eclipse, and comparing the darkness of the sky during totality with that of twilight. On the eclipse day, although it was clear in the morning and noon, the eclipse was clouded out in the afternoon, and it rained heavily in the evening. The observation was not successful.

Another team consisted of 6 people, with Yu Qingsong  [ zh ] being the leader, and Chen Zungui  [ zh ], Zou Yixin, Wei Xueren, Shen Xuan  [ zh ] and Feng Jian  [ zh ], going to Hokkaido, Japan. The team departed from Nanjing on June 3, arrived in Tokyo on the night of June 8, went to Hokkaido the next day, and arrived at the town of Esashi at noon on June 11. The town also received many foreign scientists during another total solar eclipse on August 9, 1896. The goals included taking images of the corona, taking films for public screening and gaining experience for observing the other total solar eclipse in 1941. There were clouds at first on eclipse day, but the sun came out of the clouds before the second contact. 3 ordinary corona images, 1 ultraviolet image and 3 sets of movies were taken.

In Nanjing, only a partial eclipse was visible. Although not worth observing compared with a total eclipse, Kao Ping-tse and Li Mingzhong who stayed in Nanjing still recorded the time of the solar eclipse, to check the accuracy of previous calculations. [12] [13]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [14]

June 19, 1936 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1936 June 19 at 02:45:25.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1936 June 19 at 03:49:28.3 UTC
First Central Line1936 June 19 at 03:50:07.0 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1936 June 19 at 03:50:45.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1936 June 19 at 05:14:49.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1936 June 19 at 05:15:50.0 UTC
Greatest Duration1936 June 19 at 05:17:59.5 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1936 June 19 at 05:20:31.1 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1936 June 19 at 06:50:22.6 UTC
Last Central Line1936 June 19 at 06:50:58.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1936 June 19 at 06:51:35.0 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1936 June 19 at 07:55:44.4 UTC
June 19, 1936 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.03291
Eclipse Obscuration1.06691
Gamma0.53889
Sun Right Ascension05h50m06.8s
Sun Declination+23°25'41.1"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'44.3"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.7"
Moon Right Ascension05h50m17.9s
Moon Declination+23°57'12.9"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'02.1"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°58'50.8"
ΔT23.8 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of June–July 1936
June 19
Descending node (new moon)
July 4
Ascending node (full moon)
SE1936Jun19T.png Lunar eclipse chart close-1936Jul04.png
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 126
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 138

Eclipses in 1936

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 126

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1935–1938

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [15]

The partial solar eclipses on February 3, 1935 and July 30, 1935 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1935 to 1938
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
111 January 5, 1935
SE1935Jan05P.png
Partial
−1.5381116 June 30, 1935
SE1935Jun30P.png
Partial
1.3623
121 December 25, 1935
SE1935Dec25A.png
Annular
−0.9228126 June 19, 1936
SE1936Jun19T.png
Total
0.5389
131 December 13, 1936
SE1936Dec13A.png
Annular
−0.2493136
Kanton total eclipse June8, 1937.jpg
Totality in Kanton Island,
Kiribati
June 8, 1937
SE1937Jun08T.png
Total
−0.2253
141 December 2, 1937
SE1937Dec02A.png
Annular
0.4389146 May 29, 1938
SE1938May29T.png
Total
−0.9607
151 November 21, 1938
SE1938Nov21P.png
Partial
1.1077

Saros 126

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 126, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 10, 1179. It contains annular eclipses from June 4, 1323 through April 4, 1810; hybrid eclipses from April 14, 1828 through May 6, 1864; and total eclipses from May 17, 1882 through August 23, 2044. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on May 3, 2459. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 11 at 6 minutes, 30 seconds on June 26, 1359, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 45 at 2 minutes, 36 seconds on July 10, 1972. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [16]

Series members 36–57 occur between 1801 and 2200:
363738
SE1810Apr04A.gif
April 4, 1810
Saros126 37van72 SE1828Apr14H.jpg
April 14, 1828
SE1846Apr25H.gif
April 25, 1846
394041
SE1864May06H.gif
May 6, 1864
SE1882May17T.png
May 17, 1882
SE1900May28T.png
May 28, 1900
424344
SE1918Jun08T.png
June 8, 1918
SE1936Jun19T.png
June 19, 1936
SE1954Jun30T.png
June 30, 1954
454647
SE1972Jul10T.png
July 10, 1972
SE1990Jul22T.png
July 22, 1990
SE2008Aug01T.png
August 1, 2008
484950
SE2026Aug12T.png
August 12, 2026
SE2044Aug23T.png
August 23, 2044
SE2062Sep03P.png
September 3, 2062
515253
SE2080Sep13P.png
September 13, 2080
SE2098Sep25P.png
September 25, 2098
Saros126 53van72 SE2116Oct06P.jpg
October 6, 2116
545556
Saros126 54van72 SE2134Oct17P.jpg
October 17, 2134
Saros126 55van72 SE2152Oct28P.jpg
October 28, 2152
Saros126 56van72 SE2170Nov08P.jpg
November 8, 2170
57
Saros126 57van72 SE2188Nov18P.jpg
November 18, 2188

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between April 8, 1902 and August 31, 1989
April 7–8January 24–25November 12August 31–September 1June 19–20
108110112114116
SE1902Apr08P.png
April 8, 1902
SE1913Aug31P.png
August 31, 1913
SE1917Jun19P.png
June 19, 1917
118120122124126
SE1921Apr08A.png
April 8, 1921
SE1925Jan24T.png
January 24, 1925
SE1928Nov12P.png
November 12, 1928
SE1932Aug31T.png
August 31, 1932
SE1936Jun19T.png
June 19, 1936
128130132134136
SE1940Apr07A.png
April 7, 1940
SE1944Jan25T.png
January 25, 1944
SE1947Nov12A.png
November 12, 1947
SE1951Sep01A.png
September 1, 1951
SE1955Jun20T.png
June 20, 1955
138140142144146
SE1959Apr08A.png
April 8, 1959
SE1963Jan25A.png
January 25, 1963
SE1966Nov12T.png
November 12, 1966
SE1970Aug31A.png
August 31, 1970
SE1974Jun20T.png
June 20, 1974
148150152154
SE1978Apr07P.png
April 7, 1978
SE1982Jan25P.png
January 25, 1982
SE1985Nov12T.png
November 12, 1985
SE1989Aug31P.png
August 31, 1989

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1805Jun26P.gif
June 26, 1805
(Saros 114)
SE1816May27A.gif
May 27, 1816
(Saros 115)
SE1827Apr26A.gif
April 26, 1827
(Saros 116)
SE1838Mar25T.gif
March 25, 1838
(Saros 117)
SE1849Feb23A.gif
February 23, 1849
(Saros 118)
SE1860Jan23A.png
January 23, 1860
(Saros 119)
SE1870Dec22T.png
December 22, 1870
(Saros 120)
SE1881Nov21A.gif
November 21, 1881
(Saros 121)
SE1892Oct20P.gif
October 20, 1892
(Saros 122)
SE1903Sep21T.png
September 21, 1903
(Saros 123)
SE1914Aug21T.png
August 21, 1914
(Saros 124)
SE1925Jul20A.png
July 20, 1925
(Saros 125)
SE1936Jun19T.png
June 19, 1936
(Saros 126)
SE1947May20T.png
May 20, 1947
(Saros 127)
SE1958Apr19A.png
April 19, 1958
(Saros 128)
SE1969Mar18A.png
March 18, 1969
(Saros 129)
SE1980Feb16T.png
February 16, 1980
(Saros 130)
SE1991Jan15A.png
January 15, 1991
(Saros 131)
SE2001Dec14A.png
December 14, 2001
(Saros 132)
SE2012Nov13T.png
November 13, 2012
(Saros 133)
SE2023Oct14A.png
October 14, 2023
(Saros 134)
SE2034Sep12A.png
September 12, 2034
(Saros 135)
SE2045Aug12T.png
August 12, 2045
(Saros 136)
SE2056Jul12A.png
July 12, 2056
(Saros 137)
SE2067Jun11A.png
June 11, 2067
(Saros 138)
SE2078May11T.png
May 11, 2078
(Saros 139)
SE2089Apr10A.png
April 10, 2089
(Saros 140)
SE2100Mar10A.png
March 10, 2100
(Saros 141)
SE2111Feb08T.png
February 8, 2111
(Saros 142)
SE2122Jan08A.png
January 8, 2122
(Saros 143)
SE2132Dec07A.png
December 7, 2132
(Saros 144)
SE2143Nov07T.png
November 7, 2143
(Saros 145)
SE2154Oct07T.png
October 7, 2154
(Saros 146)
Saros147 31van80 SE2165Sep05A.jpg
September 5, 2165
(Saros 147)
Saros148 30van75 SE2176Aug04T.jpg
August 4, 2176
(Saros 148)
Saros149 30van71 SE2187Jul06T.jpg
July 6, 2187
(Saros 149)
Saros150 27van71 SE2198Jun04A.jpg
June 4, 2198
(Saros 150)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1820Sep07A.png
September 7, 1820
(Saros 122)
SE1849Aug18T.gif
August 18, 1849
(Saros 123)
SE1878Jul29T.png
July 29, 1878
(Saros 124)
SE1907Jul10A.png
July 10, 1907
(Saros 125)
SE1936Jun19T.png
June 19, 1936
(Saros 126)
SE1965May30T.png
May 30, 1965
(Saros 127)
SE1994May10A.png
May 10, 1994
(Saros 128)
SE2023Apr20H.png
April 20, 2023
(Saros 129)
SE2052Mar30T.png
March 30, 2052
(Saros 130)
SE2081Mar10A.png
March 10, 2081
(Saros 131)
SE2110Feb18A.png
February 18, 2110
(Saros 132)
SE2139Jan30T.png
January 30, 2139
(Saros 133)
SE2168Jan10A.png
January 10, 2168
(Saros 134)
SE2196Dec19A.png
December 19, 2196
(Saros 135)

Notes

  1. "June 19, 1936 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  2. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "What the eclipse revealed". Evening Standard. London, Greater London, England. 1936-06-19. p. 14. Retrieved 2023-10-17 via Newspapers.com.
  4. "Solar Eclipse Seen Clearly By U.S. Scientists in Siberia". The Buffalo News. Buffalo, New York. 1936-06-20. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-10-17 via Newspapers.com.
  5. 1 2 М. Н. Гневышев. Свершения и тревоги Пулкова (Страницы воспоминаний). // Историко-астрономические исследования. — М., 1983. — Вып. 21. — С. 342—368. (in Russian)
  6. Сергей Беляков (2012). "Солнечные затмения на страницах ивановской газеты «Рабочий край»" (in Russian). Естественнонаучный музейно-образовательный центр «Ивановский музей камня». Archived from the original on 8 July 2015.
  7. О приезде в СССР иностранных астрономических экспедиций для наблюдения солнечного затмения. Протокол заседания Политбюро № 38, 3 апреля 1936 г. / В кн.: АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК В РЕШЕНИЯХ ПОЛИТБЮРО ЦК РКП(б)-ВКП(б)-КПСС. 1922—1991/ 1922—1952. М.: РОССПЭН, 2000. — 592 с. — Тир. 2000 экз. — Сост. В. Д. Есаков. (in Russian)
  8. Субстратостат над Омском // Омская правда. — 21 июня 1936 года. (in Russian)
  9. К. П. Станюкович. Подъем на самолете для наблюдения полного солнечного затмения 19 июня 1936 г./ Мироведение. — 1936. — Т.25. — № 5. — С. 22—25. (in Russian)
  10. Б. П. Герасимович. О подготовке к наблюдениям полного солнечного затмения 19 июня 1936 г. / Вестник АН СССР. — № 9. — 1935. — С. 1—16. (in Russian)
  11. "Полное солнечное затмение 19 июня 1936 года" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 9 August 2009.
  12. 1 2 Jiang Xiaoyuan, Wuyan (January 2004). 紫金山天文台史 (PDF) (in Chinese). Hebei University Press. ISBN   7-81028-974-8.
  13. "《新闻调查》 19970314 寻踪日全食" (in Chinese). China Central Television. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015.
  14. "Total Solar Eclipse of 1936 Jun 19". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  15. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  16. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 126". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of October 24, 1995</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, October 24, 1995, with a magnitude of 1.0213. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. The path of totality went through Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, southwestern tip of Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Spratly Islands, northeastern tip of Sabah of Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of June 11, 1983</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Saturday, June 11, 1983, with a magnitude of 1.0524. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only 48 hours before perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of November 22, 1984</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Thursday, November 22, 1984, with a magnitude of 1.0237. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and southern Pacific Ocean. West of the International Date Line the eclipse took place on November 23, including all land in the path of totality. Occurring only 2.1 days after perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was fairly larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of October 1, 1940</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, October 1, 1940, with a magnitude of 1.0645. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible from Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela and South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Saturday, June 8 and Sunday, June 9, 1918, with a magnitude of 1.0292. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 3.7 days after perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of September 23, 1987</span> 20th-century annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, September 23, 1987, with a magnitude of 0.9634. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Annularity was visible in the Soviet Union, China, southwestern Mongolia, Okinawa Islands of Japan except Kume Island and the southwestern tip of Kerama Islands, the Federal States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Rotuma Islands of Fiji, Wallis Islands and West Samoa. Occurring only 5 days after apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter was relatively small.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of September 22, 1968</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, September 22, 1968, with a magnitude of 1.0099. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible from the Soviet Union and Xinjiang in Northwestern China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of May 18, 1901</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Saturday, May 18, 1901, with a magnitude of 1.068. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 23 hours after perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of May 9, 1929</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, May 9, 1929, with a magnitude of 1.0562. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.7 days before perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of February 4, 1943</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Thursday, February 4 and Friday, February 5, 1943, with a magnitude of 1.0331. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 22 hours after perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of September 21, 1941</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, September 21, 1941, with a magnitude of 1.0379. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.25 days before perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of August 30, 1905</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, August 30, 1905, with a magnitude of 1.0477. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.9 days before perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of January 3, 1908</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Friday, January 3 and Saturday, January 4, 1908, with a magnitude of 1.0437. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 14 hours before perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of July 9, 1945</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, July 9, 1945, with a magnitude of 1.018. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.4 days after perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of May 9, 1948</span> 20th-century annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Saturday, May 8 and Sunday, May 9, 1948, with a magnitude of 0.9999. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 7 days after apogee and 6.7 days before perigee.

References