Orenburg Oblast | |
---|---|
Оренбургская область | |
Coordinates: 52°08′N55°36′E / 52.133°N 55.600°E | |
Country | Russia |
Federal district | Volga [1] |
Economic region | Urals [2] |
Administrative center | Orenburg |
Government | |
• Body | Legislative Assembly |
• Governor | Denis Pasler [3] |
Area | |
• Total | 123,702 km2 (47,762 sq mi) |
• Rank | 29th |
Population | |
• Total | 1,862,767 |
• Estimate (2018) [6] | 1,977,720 |
• Rank | 24th |
• Urban | 59.7% |
• Rural | 40.3% |
Time zone | UTC+5 (MSK+2 [7] ) |
ISO 3166 code | RU-ORE |
License plates | 56, 156 |
OKTMO ID | 53000000 |
Official languages | Russian [8] |
Website | http://www.orb.ru/ |
Orenburg Oblast [lower-alpha 1] is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), mainly located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name Chkalov Oblast [lower-alpha 2] in honor of Valery Chkalov. As of the 2021 Census, the city has population of 1,862,767. [9]
Orenburg Oblast's internal borders are with the republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan to the north, Chelyabinsk Oblast to the north-east, and with Samara and Saratov oblasts to the west. Orenburg Oblast also shares an international border with Kazakhstan to the east and south. The oblast is situated on the boundary between Europe and Asia. The majority of its territory lies west of the continental divide in European Russia and smaller sections in the east situated on the Asian side of the divide. The most important river of the oblast is the Ural and the largest lake Shalkar-Yega-Kara. Orenburg is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude. The highest point of the oblast is the 668 m (2,192 ft)-high Nakas. [10]
In the first half of the 18th century, the Russian Empire constructed the Irtysh line , a series of 46 forts, including Orenburg, [11] to prevent Kazakh and Dzungar nomads from raiding Russian territory. [12]
Orenburg played a major role in Pugachev's Rebellion (1773–1774), the largest peasant revolt in Russian history.
During the Russian Civil War, the region was heavily affected by the Russian famine of 1921–1922.
During World War II in 1941, the command and staff of the newly formed Polish Anders' Army was based in Buzuluk, [13] and in 1942, the First Czechoslovak Independent Field Battalion was based there. Both formations afterwards fought against Nazi Germany.
On 26 May 2024, a Ukrainian drone attacked the Voronezh M long-range radar station near Orsk. [14]
Population: 1,862,767 (2021 Census); [9] 2,033,072 (2010 Census); [15] 2,179,551 (2002 Census); [16] 2,174,459 (1989 Soviet census). [17]
Ethnic composition (2021) [18]
Ethnic group | Population | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Russians | 1,380,674 | 79.3% |
Tatars | 116,605 | 6.7% |
Kazakhs | 107,734 | 6.2% |
Bashkirs | 36,181 | 2.1% |
Mordvins | 18,300 | 1.1% |
Ukrainians | 16,639 | 1.0% |
Others | 65,056 | 3.7% |
Ethnicity not stated | 121,578 | — |
Vital statistics for 2022: [19] [20]
Total fertility rate (2022): [21]
1.46 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021): [22]
Total — 68.21 years (male — 63.91, female — 72.48)
Largest cities or towns in Orenburg Oblast 2010 Russian Census | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Administrative Division | Pop. | |||||||
Orenburg Orsk | 1 | Orenburg | Orenburgsky District | 548,331 | Novotroitsk Buzuluk | ||||
2 | Orsk | City of oblast significance of Orsk | 239,800 | ||||||
3 | Novotroitsk | Town of oblast significance of Novotroitsk | 98,173 | ||||||
4 | Buzuluk | Buzuluksky District | 82,904 | ||||||
5 | Buguruslan | Buguruslansky District | 49,741 | ||||||
6 | Gay | Gaysky District | 38,301 | ||||||
7 | Sorochinsk | Sorochinsky District | 29,249 | ||||||
8 | Sol-Iletsk | Sol-Iletsky District | 28,377 | ||||||
9 | Mednogorsk | Town of oblast significance of Mednogorsk | 27,292 | ||||||
10 | Kuvandyk | Kuvandyksky District | 26,169 |
As of a 2012 survey, [23] 40.2% of the population of Orenburg Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% declare themselves to be generic nondenominational Christians (excluding the Protestant definition), 2% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to any church or belong to non-Russian Orthodox churches. Muslims constitute 13% of the population. 3% of the population are followers of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery), 6.8% are followers of other religions or did not give an answer to the survey. In addition, 20% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious" and 12% to be atheist. [23]
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1897 | 1,600,145 | — |
1926 | 1,492,211 | −6.7% |
1939 | 1,675,000 | +12.2% |
1959 | 1,829,481 | +9.2% |
1970 | 2,049,976 | +12.1% |
1979 | 2,088,553 | +1.9% |
1989 | 2,174,459 | +4.1% |
2002 | 2,179,551 | +0.2% |
2010 | 2,033,072 | −6.7% |
2021 | 1,862,767 | −8.4% |
Source: Census data |
Orenburg Oblast is one of the major agricultural areas of Russia. Its climate is favorable to farming with a humid spring, dry summer and many sunny days, which make perfect conditions for cultivating hard wheat and rye, sunflowers, potatoes, peas, beans, corn, and gourds.
The range of the oblast's export commodities includes oil and oil products, gas and gas produced products, rolled ferrous and non-ferrous metals, nickel, asbestos, chromium compounds, rough copper, electric engines, and radiators, which are used to make products from the machine-building industry.
Kemerovo Oblast, also known as Kuzbass, after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia. Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian, but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians, Volga Tatars, and Chuvash. The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923.
Ivanovo Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. It had a population of 927,828 as of the 2021 Russian Census.
Voronezh Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Voronezh. Its population was 2,308,792 as of the 2021 Census.
Chelyabinsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia in the Ural Mountains region, on the border of Europe and Asia. Its administrative center is the city of Chelyabinsk.
Kirov Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. As of the 2010 census, the population is 1,341,312.
Volgograd Oblast is a federal subject of Russia, located in the lower Volga region of Southern Russia. Its administrative center is Volgograd. The population of the oblast was 2,500,781 in the 2021 Census.
Lipetsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Lipetsk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 1,143,224.
Tambov Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Tambov. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,091,994.
Smolensk Oblast, informally also called Smolenshchina (Смоленщина), is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative centre is the city of Smolensk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 888,421.
Ryazan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is also the oblast's largest city.
Penza Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Penza. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,266,348.
Samara Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Samara. From 1935 to 1991, it was known as Kuybyshev Oblast. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the oblast was 3,172,925.
Kurgan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. According to the 2021 Census, the population was 776,661, down from 910,807 recorded in the 2010 Census.
Kamchatka Krai is a federal subject of Russia, situated in the Russian Far East. It is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Its administrative center and largest city is Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, home to over half of its population of 291,705.
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia, located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.
Akbulaksky District, also known as Ak-Bulaksky District, is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 5,000 square kilometers (1,900 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Akbulak. Population: 25,606 ; 30,723 (2002 Census); 29,683 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Akbulak accounts for 54.4% of the total district's population.
Kvarkensky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 5,200 square kilometers (2,000 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Kvarkeno. Population: 18,655 ; 23,525 (2002 Census); 23,890 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kvarkeno accounts for 21.0% of the district's total population.
Orenburgsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 5,500 square kilometers (2,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. Population: 74,404 ; 65,130 (2002 Census); 58,882 (1989 Soviet census).
Saraktashsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,600 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Saraktash. Population: 40,145 ; 42,307 (2002 Census); 40,887 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Saraktash accounts for 42.9% of the total district's population.
Severny District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,100 square kilometers (810 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Severnoye. Population: 15,012 ; 18,511 (2002 Census); 20,799 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Severnoye accounts for 29.5% of the total district's population.