On 1 October 2019 five courts of appeal of general jurisdiction [lower-alpha 1] and nine courts of cassation of general jurisdiction [lower-alpha 2] were created in the Russian Federation, which are operating within the respective judicial district. [1]
Courts of appeal of general jurisdiction are the courts of appeal for the 85 regional courts of Russia. Courts of cassation of general jurisdiction are the courts of cassation for the courts of general jurisdiction and justices of the peace operating in the respective district.
On 13 July 2017, the plenary session of the Supreme Court of Russia adopted a resolution to submit a bill to the State Duma creating separate courts of appeal and cassation courts of general jurisdiction. It is noted that the creation of interregional courts is associated with the need to ensure the independence of the judiciary. [2] [3]
The law was signed by the President of Russia Vladimir Putin on 29 July 2018. The amendments created nine courts of cassation and five appellation courts of general jurisdiction. The day of the commencement of the activities of these courts is established by the plenary session of the Supreme Court no later than 1 October 2019.
The judiciary is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.
The National Bolshevik Party, also known as the Nazbols, operated from 1993 to 2007 as a Russian political party with a political program of National Bolshevism. The NBP became a prominent member of The Other Russia coalition of opposition parties. Russian courts banned the organization and it never officially registered as a political party. In 2010, its leader Eduard Limonov founded a new political party, called The Other Russia. There have been smaller NBP groups in other countries.
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia is the highest court in the country, which ensures the uniform application of laws and equal justice to all.
The Judiciary of Russia interprets and applies the law of Russia. It is defined under the Constitution and law with a hierarchical structure with the Constitutional Court and Supreme Court at the apex. The district courts are the primary criminal trial courts, and the regional courts are the primary appellate courts. The judiciary is governed by the All-Russian Congress of Judges and its Council of Judges, and its management is aided by the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court, the Judicial Qualification Collegia, the Ministry of Justice, and the various courts' chairpersons. And although there are many officers of the court, including jurors, the Prosecutor General remains the most powerful component of the Russian judicial system.
The Supreme Court of Cassation is the highest court of appeal or court of last resort in Italy. It has its seat in the Palace of Justice, Rome.
In Greece, the Council of State is the Supreme Administrative Court of Greece.
The judicial system of Greece is the country's constitutionally established system of courts.
A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in many legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and highcourt of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review by any other court. Supreme courts typically function primarily as appellate courts, hearing appeals from decisions of lower trial courts, or from intermediate-level appellate courts.
The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is a court within the judiciary of Russia and the court of last resort in Russian administrative law, civil law and criminal law cases. It also supervises the work of lower courts. Its predecessor is the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union.
The Supreme Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation was the court of final instance in commercial disputes in Russia. Additionally, it supervised the work of lower courts of arbitration and gave interpretation of laws and elucidations concerning their implementations, which are compulsory for lower courts. It was replaced by a 30-Judge Economic Collegium that is part of an expanded Russian Supreme Court effective August 8, 2014.
The Supreme Court of Cassation is the court of last resort in the Republic of Serbia. It is the court of cassation which reviews and possibly overturns previous rulings made by lower courts. It was established in 1846 by a decree of Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević. In the last 160 years since it was established, the Court has asserted its authority within judiciary in Serbia and beyond. The Supreme Court of Cassation is today authorized by the Constitution of Serbia and the Law on Organization of Courts.
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia is the court authorized to perform judicial review in Serbia. It rules on whether the laws, decrees or other bills enacted by the Serbian authorities are in conformity with the Constitution. It is not considered as part of the judicial branch, but a court sui generis. The Constitutional Court is authorized by the Constitution itself and the Law on the Constitutional Court.
Kolsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kolsky Municipal District. It is located in the northwest of the oblast, partially lies on the Kola Peninsula, and borders with the Barents Sea in the north and Finland in the west. The area of the district is 27,600 square kilometers (10,700 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kola. Population: 44,670 (2010 Census); 51,125 (2002 Census); 73,555 (1989 Census). The population of Kola accounts for 23.4% of the district's total population.
Alexey Vladimirovich Kravtsov is a Russian jurist, the president of the Moscow Court of Arbitration, and a member of the Expert Council of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. He is considered to be one of the founders of the current arbitration court system in Russia.
The Declaration of Independence of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol was a joint resolution adopted on March 11, 2014 by the dissolved Supreme Council of Crimea and the Sevastopol City Council that proclaimed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol a sovereign state — the Republic of Crimea. The decision was based on the results of an referendum that was held on March 16, 2014 after Russian troops took over Crimea and seized the region's parliament. The declaration of independence and the referendum following it was not internationally recognised by most countries.
The 2017–18 season was Karpaty Lviv's 25th season in the top Ukrainian football league. Karpaty competed in Premier League and Ukrainian Cup.
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Bashkortostan is a Regional court within the judiciary of Russia in the largest by population national region of Russia. The court of last resort in Russian administrative law, civil law and criminal law cases if case would not taken. If the Supreme Court of a subject of the Russian Federation refuses to submit a cassation complaint for consideration at a court of cassation instance, the Applicant cannot file a supervisory complaint - domestic remedies had exhausted. It also supervises the work of lower courts. Its predecessor is the Supreme Court of the Bashkir ASSR.
The Supreme Court of Tajikistan is the most senior body of civil, criminal, and administrative law in the Republic of Tajikistan.
The Union of Slavic Forces of Russia, also known as "Home in the USSR", "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics", "Citizens of the USSR", "Government of the USSR", "Witnesses of the USSR", necro-communists and necromancers — is an informal social movement in Russia, whose supporters are convinced that the Soviet Union, as a sovereign state and a subject of international relations, de jure continues to exist, consider themselves its citizens and, on this basis, refuse to recognize the constitutional system of the modern Russian Federation, observe its current legislation and obey the existing government authorities. The ideological component of the movement is the adherence and propaganda of various conspiracy theories, anti-Semitism and neo-paganism.
The Supreme Specialized Court of Ukraine for Civil and Criminal Cases was the court of cassation for civil and criminal cases in the system of courts of general jurisdiction of Ukraine which existed until 2017.