Google Earth

Last updated

Google Earth
Original author(s) Keyhole, Inc.
Developer(s) Google
Initial releaseJune 10, 2001;23 years ago (2001-06-10)
Stable release(s) [±]
Pro (Linux, macOS, and Windows)7.3.6 (Build 9796) / 22 February 2024;9 months ago (2024-02-22) [1] [2]
Android10.69.0.2 / 5 December 2024;13 days ago (2024-12-05) [3] [4]
iOS10.69.0 / 10 December 2024;8 days ago (2024-12-10) [5]
Web10.69.0.1 / 10 December 2024;8 days ago (2024-12-10) [6]
Available inVarious languages
Type Virtual globe
License Freeware
Website earth.google.com

Google Earth is a web and computer program that renders a 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery. The program maps the Earth by superimposing satellite images, aerial photography, and GIS data onto a 3D globe, allowing users to see cities and landscapes from various angles. Users can explore the globe by entering addresses and coordinates, or by using a keyboard or mouse. The program can also be downloaded on a smartphone or tablet, using a touch screen or stylus to navigate. Users may use the program to add their own data using Keyhole Markup Language and upload them through various sources, such as forums or blogs. Google Earth is able to show various kinds of images overlaid on the surface of the Earth and is also a Web Map Service client. In 2019, Google revealed that Google Earth covers more than 97 percent of the world. [8]

Contents

In addition to Earth navigation, Google Earth provides a series of other tools through the desktop application, including a measure distance tool. Additional globes for the Moon and Mars are available, as well as a tool for viewing the night sky. A flight simulator game is also included. Other features allow users to view photos from various places uploaded to Panoramio, information provided by Wikipedia on some locations, and Street View imagery. The web-based version of Google Earth also includes Voyager, a feature that periodically adds in-program tours, often presented by scientists and documentarians.

Google Earth has been viewed by some as a threat to privacy and national security, leading to the program being banned in multiple countries. [9] Some countries have requested that certain areas be obscured in Google's satellite images, usually areas containing military facilities.

History

The core technology behind Google Earth was originally developed at Intrinsic Graphics in the late 1990s. At the time, the company was developing 3D gaming software libraries. [10] As a demo of their 3D software, they created a spinning globe that could be zoomed into, similar to the Powers of Ten film. [10] The demo was popular, but the board of Intrinsic wanted to remain focused on gaming, so in 1999, they created Keyhole, Inc., headed by John Hanke. [10] Keyhole then developed a way to stream large databases of mapping data over the internet to client software, a key part of the technology, [11] and acquired patchworks of mapping data from governments and other sources. [10] The product, called "Keyhole EarthViewer", was sold on CDs for use in fields such as real estate, urban planning, defense, and intelligence; users paid a yearly fee for the service. [11] Despite making a number of capital deals with Nvidia and Sony, [11] the small company was struggling to pay and retain employees. [10]

Fortunes for the company changed in early 2003 during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, when Dave Lorenzini (Director at Keyhole) enticed CNN, ABC, CBS and other major news networks to use their sophisticated 3D flyby imagery to illustrate Baghdad Activities for viewers, in exchange for on-air attribution. [11] [10] During the invasion, It was used extensively by Miles O'Brien and other on-air broadcasters, allowing CNN and millions of viewers to follow the progress of the war in a way that had never been seen before. [11] [10] Public interest in the software exploded and Keyhole servers were not able to keep up with demand. [11] [10] Keyhole was soon contacted by the Central Intelligence Agency's venture capital firm, In-Q-Tel, [12] and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, [13] for use with defense mapping databases, which gave Keyhole a much-needed cash infusion. [10] Intrinsic Graphics was sold in 2003 to Vicarious Visions after its gaming libraries did not sell well, and its core group of engineers and management including Brian McClendon and Michael Jones transitioned to Keyhole with Hanke remaining at the head. [10]

At the time, Google was finding that over 25% of its searches were of a geospatial character, including searches for maps and directions. [10] In October 2004, Google acquired Keyhole as part of a strategy to better serve its users. [14]

In 2021, Google replaced its layers feature with a new one on its Google Earth software. [15] This replacement consolidated some layers, but also removed some layers and features. [16]

Imagery

Google Earth's imagery is displayed on a digital globe, which displays the planet's surface using a single composited image from a far distance. After zooming in far enough, the imagery transitions into different imagery of the same area with finer detail, which varies in date and time from one area to the next. The imagery is retrieved from satellites or aircraft. [17] Before the launch of NASA and the USGS's Landsat 8 satellite, Google relied partially on imagery from Landsat 7, which suffered from a hardware malfunction that left diagonal gaps in images. [18] In 2013, Google used datamining to remedy the issue, providing what was described as a successor to the Blue Marble image of Earth, with a single large image of the entire planet. This was achieved by combining multiple sets of imagery taken from Landsat 7 to eliminate clouds and diagonal gaps, creating a single "mosaic" image. [19] Google has since used myriad sources to provide imagery in a higher quality and with greater frequency. [20] Imagery is hosted on Google's servers, which are contacted by the application when opened, requiring an Internet connection.

Imagery resolution ranges from 15 meters to 15 centimeters except for the ocean floor, which ranges from 1 km to 100 m. [21] For much of the Earth, Google Earth uses digital elevation model data collected by NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. [22] This creates the impression of three-dimensional terrain, even where the imagery is only two-dimensional.

Google asserts that every image created from Google Earth using satellite data provided by Google Earth is a copyrighted map. Any derivative from Google Earth is made from data on which Google claims copyright under United States Copyright Law. Google grants license to this data allowing, among other things, non-commercial personal use of the images (e.g., on a personal website or blog) as long as copyrights and attributions are preserved. [23] By contrast, images created with NASA's globe software WorldWind use The Blue Marble , Landsat, or USGS imagery, each of which is in the public domain.

In version 5.0, Google introduced Historical Imagery, allowing users to view earlier imagery. Clicking the clock icon in the toolbar opens a time slider, which marks the time of available imagery from the past. This feature allows for observation of an area's changes over time. [24] Utilizing the timelapse feature allows for the ability to view a zoom-able video as far back as 38 years. [25]

3D imagery

Countries with 3D coverage in Google Earth as of May 2024: .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Countries with 3D coverage (55, including Hong Kong and Macau) Countries without 3D coverage 3D locations in Google Earth.svg
Countries with 3D coverage in Google Earth as of May 2024:
  Countries with 3D coverage (55, including Hong Kong and Macau)
  Countries without 3D coverage
3D imagery in the iOS version of Google Earth, seen here at Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin Google Earth (iOS) - 3D Mode at Wisconsin Dells Great Wolf Lodge.png
3D imagery in the iOS version of Google Earth, seen here at Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin

Google Earth shows 3D building models in some cities, including photorealistic 3D imagery made using photogrammetry. [26] The first 3D buildings in Google Earth were created using 3D modeling applications such as SketchUp and, beginning in 2009, Building Maker, [27] and were uploaded to Google Earth via the 3D Warehouse. In June 2012, Google announced that it would be replacing user-generated 3D buildings with an auto-generated 3D mesh. [28] This would be phased in, starting with select larger cities, with the notable exception of cities such as London and Toronto which required more time to process detailed imagery of their vast number of buildings. The reason given is to have greater uniformity in 3D buildings and to compete with Nokia Here and Apple Maps, which were already using this technology. The coverage began that year in 21 cities in four countries. [29] By early 2016, 3D imagery had been expanded to hundreds of cities in over 40 countries, including every U.S. state and encompassing every continent except Antarctica.

In 2009, in a collaboration between Google and the Museo del Prado in Madrid, the museum selected 14 of its paintings to be photographed and displayed at the resolution of 14,000 megapixels inside the 3D version of the Prado in Google Earth and Google Maps. [30] [31]

Street View

On April 15, 2008, with version 4.3, Google fully integrated Street View into Google Earth. [32] Street View displays 360° panoramic street-level photos of select cities and their surroundings. The photos were taken by cameras mounted on automobiles, can be viewed at different scales and from many angles, and are navigable by arrow icons imposed on them.

Using Street View on Google Earth, users can visit and explore 30 UNESCO World Heritage Sites with historical context and pins for each. The sites include the Great Pyramid, the Taj Mahal, Sagrada Família, the Dolomites, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the Great Sphinx. [33]

In 2019, Walt Disney World partnered with Google to create Pixar Street View. A unique activation that enabled viewers to search for hidden Pixar Easter eggs in Toy Story Land at Disney's Hollywood Studios through street view. This creative collaboration elevated Pixar's iconic tradition of hiding Easter eggs in films and introduced it to an immersive new platform. [34]

Water and ocean

Introduced in Google Earth 5.0 in 2009, the Google Ocean feature allows users to zoom below the surface of the ocean and view the 3D bathymetry. Supporting over 20 content layers, it contains information from leading scientists and oceanographers. [35] On April 14, 2009, Google added bathymetric data for the Great Lakes. [36] [37]

In June 2011, Google increased the resolution of some deep ocean floor areas from 1-kilometer grids to 100 meters. [21] The high-resolution features were developed by oceanographers at Columbia University's Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory from scientific data collected on research cruises. The sharper focus is available for about 5 percent of the oceans. This can be seen in the Hudson off New York City, the Wini Seamount near Hawaii, and the Mendocino Ridge off the U.S. Pacific coast. [38]

Outer space

A picture of Martian landscape Google Earth Mars.png
A picture of Martian landscape
Google Earth in Sky Viewing Mode Google Earth Sky.png
Google Earth in Sky Viewing Mode
Apollo 11 Lunar Module Eagle and Tranquility Base as portrayed in Google Moon Google moon 1.jpg
Apollo 11 Lunar Module Eagle and Tranquility Base as portrayed in Google Moon

Google has programs and features, including within Google Earth, allowing exploration of Mars, the Moon, the view of the sky from Earth and outer space, including the surfaces of various objects in the Solar System.

Google Sky

Google Sky is a feature that was introduced in Google Earth 4.2 on August 22, 2007, in a browser-based application on March 13, 2008, [39] and to Android smartphones, with augmented reality features. Google Sky allows users to view stars and other celestial bodies. [40] It was produced by Google through a partnership with the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope. Alberto Conti and his co-developer Carol Christian of STScI planned to add the public images from 2007, [41] as well as color images of all of the archived data from Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. Then-newly released Hubble pictures were added to the Google Sky program as soon as they were issued.

New features such as multi-wavelength data, positions of major satellites and their orbits as well as educational resources are provided to the Google Earth community and also through Christian and Conti's website for Sky. [42] Also visible on Sky mode are constellations, stars, galaxies, and animations depicting the planets in their orbits. A real-time Google Sky mashup of recent astronomical transients, using the VOEvent protocol, is provided by the VOEventNet collaboration. [43] Other programs similar to Google Sky include Microsoft WorldWide Telescope and Stellarium.

Google Mars

Google Mars is an application within Google Earth that is a version of the program for imagery of the planet Mars. Google also operates a browser-based version, although the maps are of a much higher resolution within Google Earth, and include 3D terrain, as well as infrared imagery and elevation data. There are also some extremely high-resolution images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's HiRISE camera that are of a similar resolution to those of the cities on Earth. Finally, there are many high-resolution panoramic images from various Mars landers, such as the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity , that can be viewed in a similar way to Google Street View.

Mars also has a small application found near the face on Mars. It is called Meliza, a robot character the user can speak with. [44]

Google Moon

Originally a browser application, Google Moon is a feature that allows exploration of the Moon. Google brought the feature to Google Earth for the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission on July 20, 2009. [45] It was announced and demonstrated to a group of invited guests by Google along with Buzz Aldrin at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. [46] [47] Google Moon includes several tours, including one for the Apollo missions, incorporating maps, videos, and Street View-style panoramas, all provided by NASA.

Other features

Google Earth has numerous features that allow the user to learn about specific places. These are called "layers", and include different forms of media, including photo and video. Some layers include tours, which guide the user between specific places in a set order. Layers are created using the Keyhole Markup Language, or KML, which users can also use to create customized layers. [48] Locations can be marked with placemarks and organized in folders; For example, a user can use placemarks to list interesting landmarks around the globe, then provide a description with photos and videos, which can be viewed by clicking on the placemarks while viewing the new layer in the application.

In December 2006, Google Earth added a new integration with Wikipedia and Panoramio. For the Wikipedia layer, entries are scraped for coordinates via the Coord templates. There is also a community layer from the project Wikipedia-World. More coordinates are used, different types are in the display, and different languages are supported than the built-in Wikipedia layer. [49] [50] The Panoramio layer features pictures uploaded by Panoramio users, placed in Google Earth based on user-provided location data. In addition to flat images, Google Earth also includes a layer for user-submitted panoramic photos, navigable in a similar way to Street View.

Google Earth includes multiple features that allow the user to monitor current events. In 2007, Google began offering users the ability to monitor traffic data provided by Google Traffic in real-time, based on information crowdsourced from the GPS-identified locations of cell phone users. [51]

Flight simulators

Downtown Toronto as seen from an F-16 Fighting Falcon during a simulated flight Toronto downtown.png
Downtown Toronto as seen from an F-16 Fighting Falcon during a simulated flight

In Google Earth 4.2, a flight simulator was added to the application. It was originally a hidden feature when introduced in 2007, but starting with 4.3, it was given a labeled option in the menu. In addition to keyboard control, the simulator can be controlled with a mouse or joystick. [52] [53] The simulator also runs with animation, allowing objects such as planes to animate while on the simulator. [54]

Another flight simulator, GeoFS, was created under the name GEFS-Online using the Google Earth Plug-in API to operate within a web browser. As of September 1, 2015, the program now uses the open-source program CesiumJS, due to the Google Earth Plug-in being discontinued. [55]

Liquid Galaxy

Liquid Galaxy is a cluster of computers running Google Earth creating an immersive experience. On September 30, 2010, Google made the configuration and schematics for their rigs public, [56] placing code and setup guides on the Liquid Galaxy wiki. [57] Liquid Galaxy has also been used as a panoramic photo viewer using KRpano, as well as a Google Street View viewer using Peruse-a-Rue [58] Peruse-a-Rue is a method for synchronizing multiple Maps API clients. [59]

Versions

Google Earth has been released on macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android. The Linux version began with the version 4 beta of Google Earth, as a native port using the Qt toolkit. The Free Software Foundation considers the development of a free compatible client for Google Earth to be a High Priority Free Software Project. [60] Google Earth was released for Android on February 22, 2010, [61] and on iOS on October 27, 2008. [62] [63] The mobile versions of Google Earth can make use of multi-touch interfaces to move on the globe, zoom or rotate the view, and allow to select the current location. An automotive version of Google Earth was made available in the 2010 Audi A8. [64] On February 27, 2020, Google opened up its web-based version of Earth to browsers like Firefox, Edge, and Opera. [65] [66]

Version history
VersionRelease dateChanges
1.0June 10, 2001
1.4January 2002
1.6February 2003
1.7.2October 2003
2.2August 2004
3.0June 2005
  • The first version was released after Google acquired Keyhole, Inc.
4.0June 2006
4.1May 2007
4.2August 2007
  • Google Sky was introduced
  • A flight simulator was added
4.3April 2008
  • First release to implement KML version 2.2
  • Google Street View was added
5.0May 2009
  • Google Ocean was introduced
  • Historical Imagery was introduced
5.1November 2009
5.2July 2010
  • Last version to support Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger (PPC & Intel) and 10.5 Leopard (PPC)
6.0March 2011
  • 3D Trees were added
6.1October 2011
6.2April 2012
  • Last version to support Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard (Intel)
7.0December 2012
  • Support for 3D Imagery data was introduced
  • Tour Guide was introduced
7.1April 2013
  • Last version to support Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard and Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
7.3July 2017
  • Google Earth Pro became the standard version of the desktop program. (A free license key was also publicly provided by Google for all the earlier Pro versions.) [67]
  • The desktop application continues to be Google Earth Pro 7.3, with infrequent updates.
8.0October 2014
  • Android-only update with new 3D rendering engine and feature to import KML files from Google Drive. [68]
9.0April 2017
  • Redesign of the mobile and web apps featuring Voyager, "I'm Feeling Lucky" button, and 3D mode. [69]
  • iOS received update in August 2017. [70]
10.0September 2023
  • Mobile and web apps updated to latest Material Design theme with support for project creation. Voyager was removed from app. [71]

Google Earth Pro

Google Earth running on Android Google Earth.png
Google Earth running on Android

Google Earth Pro was originally the business-oriented upgrade to Google Earth, with features such as a movie maker and data importer. Up until late January 2015, it was available for $399/year, though Google decided to make it free to the public. [72] [73] Google Earth Pro is currently the standard version of the Google Earth desktop application as of version 7.3. [74] The Pro version includes add-on software for movie making, advanced printing, and precise measurements, and is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. [75]

Google Earth Plus

Discontinued in December 2008, Google Earth Plus was a paid subscription upgrade to Google Earth that provided customers with the following features, most of which have become available in the free Google Earth. [76] One such feature was GPS integration, which allowed users to read tracks and waypoints from a GPS device. A variety of third-party applications have been created which provide this functionality using the basic version of Google Earth by generating KML or KMZ files based on user-specified or user-recorded waypoints.

Google Earth Enterprise

Google Earth Enterprise is designed for use by organizations whose businesses could take advantage of the program's capabilities, for example by having a globe that holds company data available for anyone in that company. [77] As of March 20, 2015, Google has retired the Google Earth Enterprise product, with support ended on March 22, 2017. [78] Google Earth Enterprise allowed developers to create maps and 3D globes for private use, and host them through the platform. GEE Fusion, GEE Server, and GEE Portable Server source code was published on GitHub under the Apache2 license in March 2017. [79]

Google Earth Studio

Google Earth Studio is a web-based version of Google Earth used for animations using Google Earth's 3D imagery. As of June 2021, it is preview-only and requires signing up to use it. [80] It features keyframe animation, presets called "Quick-Start Projects", and 3D camera export. [81]

Google Earth 9

Google Earth 9 is a version of Google Earth first released on April 18, 2017, having been in development for two years. [82] The main feature of this version was the launching of a new web version of Google Earth. [83] This version added the "Voyager" feature, whereby users can view a portal page containing guided tours led by scientists and documentarians. [84] The version also added an "I'm Feeling Lucky" button, represented by a die, which takes the user to a random location on Earth along with showing them a "Knowledge Card" containing a short excerpt from the location's Wikipedia article. [84]

Google Earth Plug-in

The Google Earth API was a free beta service, allowing users to place a version of Google Earth into web pages. The API enabled sophisticated 3D map applications to be built. [85] At its unveiling at Google's 2008 I/O developer conference, the company showcased potential applications such as a game where the player controlled a milktruck atop a Google Earth surface. [86] The Google Earth API has been deprecated as of December 15, 2014, and remained supported until December 15, 2015. [87] Google Chrome ended support for the Netscape Plugin API (which the Google Earth API relies on) by the end of 2016. [88]

Google Earth VR

On November 16, 2016, Google released a virtual reality version of Google Earth for Valve's Steam computer gaming platform. [89] [90] Google Earth VR allows users to navigate using VR controllers, and is currently compatible with the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive virtual reality headsets. On September 14, 2017, as part of Google Earth VR's 1.4 update, Google added Street View support. [91]

Google Earth Outreach

Google Earth Outreach is a charity program, through which Google promotes and donates to various non-profit organizations. Beginning in 2007, donations are often accompanied by layers featured in Google Earth, allowing users to view a non-profit's projects and goals by navigating to certain related locations. [92] Google Earth Outreach offers online training on using Google Earth and Google Maps for public education on issues affecting local regions or the entire globe. In June 2008, training was given to 20 indigenous tribes in the Amazon rainforest, such as the Suruí, to help them preserve their culture and raise awareness for the problem of deforestation. [93]

Non-profit organizations featured in Google Earth via the Outreach program include Arkive, the Global Heritage Fund, WaterAid, and the World Wide Fund for Nature. [94] [95]

Google Earth Engine

The Forest Landscape Integrity Index, created in Google Earth Engine Flii globe.png
The Forest Landscape Integrity Index, created in Google Earth Engine

Google Earth Engine is a cloud computing platform for processing satellite imagery and other geospatial and observation data. It provides access to a large database of satellite imagery and the computational power needed to analyze those images. [96] Google Earth Engine allows observation of dynamic changes in agriculture, natural resources, and climate using geospatial data from the Landsat satellite program, which passes over the same places on the Earth every sixteen days. [97] [98] Google Earth Engine has become a platform that makes Landsat and Sentinel-2 data easily accessible to researchers in collaboration with the Google Cloud Storage. [97] Google Earth Engine provides a data catalog along with computers for analysis; this allows scientists to collaborate using data, algorithms, and visualizations. [99] The platform provides Python and JavaScript application programming interfaces for making requests to the servers, [100] and includes a graphical user interface [101] for developing applications.

An early prototype of Earth Engine, based on the Carnegie Institute for Science's CLASlite system and Imazon's Sistema de Alerta de Desmatamento (SAD) was demonstrated in 2009 [102] at COP15, and Earth Engine was officially launched in 2010 [103] at COP16, along with maps of the water in the Congo Basin and forests in Mexico produced by researchers using the tool.

In 2013, researchers from University of Maryland produced the first high-resolution global forest cover and loss maps using Earth Engine, reporting an overall loss in global forest cover. [104] Other early applications using Earth Engine spanned a diverse variety of topics, including: Tiger Habitat Monitoring, [105] Malaria Risk Mapping, [106] Global Surface Water, [107] increases in vegetation around Mount Everest, [108] and the annual Forest Landscape Integrity Index. [109] Since then, Earth Engine has been used in the production of hundreds of scientific journal articles [110] in many fields including: forestry and agriculture, hydrology, water quality monitoring and assessment, [111] natural disaster monitoring and assessment, urban mapping, atmospheric and climate sciences and soil mapping. [110]

Earth Engine has been free for academic and research purposes since its launch, but commercial use was prohibited until 2021, when Google announced a preview of Earth Engine as a commercial cloud offering and early adopters that included Unilever, USDA and Climate Engine. [112]

Controversy and criticism

The software has been criticized by a number of special interest groups, including national officials, as being an invasion of privacy or posing a threat to national security. The typical argument is that the software provides information about military or other critical installations that could be used by terrorists. Google Earth has been blocked by Google in Iran [113] and Sudan [114] since 2007, due to United States government export restrictions. The program has also been blocked in Morocco since 2006 by Maroc Telecom, a major service provider in the country. [115]

Blurred out image of the Royal Stables in The Hague, Netherlands. This has since been lifted. Royal Stables.jpg
Blurred out image of the Royal Stables in The Hague, Netherlands. This has since been lifted.

In the academic realm, increasing attention has been devoted to both Google Earth and its place in the development of digital globes. In particular, the International Journal of Digital Earth features multiple articles evaluating and comparing the development of Google Earth and its differences when compared to other professional, scientific, and governmental platforms. [116] Google Earth's role in the expansion of "Earth observing media" has been examined to understand how it is shaping a shared cultural consciousness regarding climate change and humanity's capacity to treat the Earth as an engineerable object. [117]

Defense

National security

Other concerns

Google Earth is featured prominently in the 2021 German miniseries The Billion Dollar Code , which serves as a fictionalized account of a 2014 patent infringement lawsuit brought against Google by the German creators of Terravision. [142] The series, which was shown on Netflix is prefaced by an episode of interviews with the ART+COM developers of Terravision and their legal representative. [143]

One of the co-founders of Keyhole has published a first-hand account claiming to debunk the origins, timelines and interpretations depicted in the fictionalized miniseries. [144] Not shown in the mini-series was that the patent owned by ART+COM and used to challenge Google was completely invalidated, after it was shown that another so-called TerraVision, this one at the Stanford Research Institute, predated ART+COM's ideas by several years. [145]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adobe Photoshop</span> Raster graphics editing software

Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe for Windows and macOS. It was created in 1987 by Thomas and John Knoll. It is the most used tool for professional digital art, especially in raster graphics editing, and its name has become genericised as a verb although Adobe disapproves of such use.

In-Q-Tel (IQT), formerly Peleus and In-Q-It, is an American not-for-profit venture capital firm based in Arlington, Virginia. It invests in companies to keep the Central Intelligence Agency, and other intelligence agencies, equipped with the latest in information technology in support of United States intelligence capability. The name "In-Q-Tel" is an intentional reference to Q, the fictional inventor who supplies technology to James Bond.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA WorldWind</span> Open-source virtual globe

NASA WorldWind is an open-source virtual globe. According to the website, "WorldWind is an open source virtual globe API. WorldWind allows developers to quickly and easily create interactive visualizations of 3D globe, map and geographical information. Organizations around the world use WorldWind to monitor weather patterns, visualize cities and terrain, track vehicle movement, analyze geospatial data and educate humanity about the Earth." It was first developed by NASA in 2003 for use on personal computers and then further developed in concert with the open source community since 2004. As of 2017, a web-based version of WorldWind is available online. An Android version is also available.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Google Maps</span> Googles web mapping service (launched 2005)

Google Maps is a web mapping platform and consumer application offered by Google. It offers satellite imagery, aerial photography, street maps, 360° interactive panoramic views of streets, real-time traffic conditions, and route planning for traveling by foot, car, bike, air and public transportation. As of 2020, Google Maps was being used by over one billion people every month around the world.

A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing phenomena for which location is important. The GIS software industry encompasses a broad range of commercial and open-source products that provide some or all of these capabilities within various information technology architectures.

Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program able to view and graphically edit KML files, but KML support is now available in many GIS software applications, such as Marble, QGIS, and ArcGIS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virtual globe</span> 3D software model or representation of Earth or another world

A virtual globe is a three-dimensional (3D) software model or representation of Earth or another world. A virtual globe provides the user with the ability to freely move around in the virtual environment by changing the viewing angle and position. Compared to a conventional globe, virtual globes have the additional capability of representing many different views of the surface of Earth. These views may be of geographical features, man-made features such as roads and buildings, or abstract representations of demographic quantities such as population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ArcGIS</span> Geographic information system maintained by Esri

ArcGIS is a family of client, server and online geographic information system (GIS) software developed and maintained by Esri.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OpenStreetMap</span> Collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world

OpenStreetMap is an online map that uses an open geographic database, updated and maintained by a community of volunteers via open collaboration. Contributors collect data from surveys, trace from aerial photo imagery or satellite imagery, and import from other freely licensed geodata sources. OpenStreetMap is freely licensed under the Open Database License and is commonly used to make electronic maps, inform turn-by-turn navigation, and assist in humanitarian aid and data visualisation. OpenStreetMap uses its own topology to store geographical features which can then be exported into other GIS file formats. The OpenStreetMap website itself is an online map, geodata search engine, and editor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GeaBios</span>

GeaBios is a free (non-profit) "Slovene Citizen Oriented Information Service", and the name stands for Geo Enabled And Better Internet Oriented Services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bing Maps</span> Web mapping service from Microsoft

Bing Maps is a web mapping service provided as a part of Microsoft's Bing suite of search engines and powered by the Bing Maps Platform framework which also support Bing Maps for Enterprise APIs and Azure Maps APIs. Since 2020, the map data is provided by TomTom, OpenStreetMap and others.

Wikimapia is a geographic online encyclopedia project. The project implements an interactive "clickable" web map that utilizes Google Maps with a geographically-referenced wiki system, with the aim to mark and describe all geographical objects in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Panoramio</span> 2005–2016 geotagging photo sharing service owned by Google

Panoramio was a geo-located tagging, photo sharing mashup active between 2005 and 2016. Photos uploaded to the site were accessible as a layer in Google Earth and Google Maps. The site's goal was to allow Google Earth users to learn more about a given area by viewing the photos that other users had taken at that location. Panoramio was acquired by Google in 2007. In 2009 the website was among the 1000 most popular websites worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Google Street View</span> Photos at street level

Google Street View is a technology featured in Google Maps and Google Earth that provides interactive panoramas from positions along many streets in the world. It was launched in 2007 in several cities in the United States, and has since expanded to include all of the country's major and minor cities, as well as the cities and rural areas of many other countries worldwide. Streets with Street View imagery available are shown as clickable blue lines on Google Maps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WorldWide Telescope</span> Set of open-source services

WorldWide Telescope (WWT) is an open-source set of applications, data and cloud services, originally created by Microsoft Research but now an open source project hosted on GitHub. The .NET Foundation holds the copyright and the project is managed by the American Astronomical Society and has been supported by grants from the Moore Foundation and National Science Foundation. WWT displays astronomical, earth and planetary data allowing visual navigation through the 3-dimensional (3D) Universe. Users are able to navigate the sky by panning and zooming, or explore the 3D universe from the surface of Earth to past the Cosmic microwave background (CMB), viewing both visual imagery and scientific data about that area and the objects in it. Data is curated from hundreds of different data sources, but its open data nature allows users to explore any third party data that conforms to a WWT supported format. With the rich source of multi-spectral all-sky images it is possible to view the sky in many wavelengths of light. The software utilizes Microsoft's Visual Experience Engine technologies to function. WWT can also be used to visualize arbitrary or abstract data sets and time series data.

Bhuvan is an Indian web-based utility which allows users to explore a set of geographic content prepared by the Indian Space Research Organisation. The content which the utility serves is mostly restricted to within Indian boundaries and is offered in four regional languages. The content includes thematic maps related to disasters, agriculture, water resources, land cover, and processed satellite data generated by ISRO.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earth3D</span>

Earth3D was developed as part of a diploma thesis of Dominique Andre Gunia at Braunschweig University of Technology to display a virtual globe of the earth. It was developed before Google bought Keyhole, Inc and changed their product into Google Earth. Earth3D downloads its data from a server while the user navigates around. The data itself is saved in a Quadtree. It uses data from NASA, USGS, the CIA and the city of Osnabrück.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nearmap</span> Australian technology company

Move

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brian McClendon</span> American businessman

Brian A McClendon is an American software executive, engineer, and inventor. He was a co-founder and angel investor in Keyhole, Inc., a geospatial data visualization company that was purchased by Google in 2004 to produce Google Earth. Keyhole itself was spun off from another company called Intrinsic Graphics, of which McClendon was also a co-founder. McClendon was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for strategic, technical, and managerial leadership resulting in widespread accurate and useful geographic information.

References

  1. ↑ "See notes on Google Earth releases". Google Support. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  2. ↑ "PPA: Google Earth". UbuntuUpdates. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  3. ↑ "Google Earth". Google Play. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  4. ↑ "Google Earth APKs". APKMirror. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  5. ↑ "Google Earth on the App Store". Apple App Store . Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  6. ↑ "Google Earth on Web". Google . Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  7. ↑ "Install & uninstall Google Earth Pro". Google Earth Help. Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
  8. ↑ "Google reveals just how much of the world it's mapped with Street View and Earth". www.theverge.com. December 13, 2019. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  9. ↑ "US general claims Google Earth is a risk to security". IT PRO. June 22, 2007. Archived from the original on July 16, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bill Kilday (2018). Never Lost Again: The Google Mapping Revolution That Sparked New Industries and Augmented Our Reality. HarperBusiness. ISBN   978-0062673046.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kevin Manney (March 21, 2003). "Tiny tech company awes viewers". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
  12. ↑ "Meet The CIA's Venture Capitalist". Bloomberg Businessweek . Archived from the original on June 5, 2013.
  13. ↑ "Oakland emails give another glimpse into the Google-Military-Surveillance Complex". PandoDaily. March 7, 2014. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Google Acquires Keyhole". Wall Street Journal. October 27, 2004. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  15. ↑ Staff (July 20, 2021). "New layers set in Google Earth Pro!". Google Earth Help. Archived from the original on November 9, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
  16. ↑ "County boundaries and other information missing from new Borders and Labels layer". Google Earth Help. September 4, 2021. Archived from the original on November 9, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
  17. ↑ "How images are collected". Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
  18. ↑ "SLC-off Products: Background". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
  19. ↑ "Only clear skies on Google Maps and Earth". June 26, 2013. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
  20. ↑ "Google Earth and Maps get sharper satellite imagery with new update". Tech Crunch. June 27, 2016. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
  21. 1 2 "New Google Ocean Maps Dive Deep". The Earth Institute – Columbia University. June 8, 2011. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  22. ↑ Farr, Tom G.; Rosen, Paul A.; Caro, Edward; Crippen, Robert; Duren, Riley; Hensley, Scott; Kobrick, Michael; Paller, Mimi; Rodriguez, Ernesto; Roth, Ladislav; Seal, David; Shaffer, Scott; Shimada, Joanne; Umland, Jeffrey; Werner, Marian; Oskin, Michael; Burbank, Douglas; Alsdorf, Douglas (2007). "The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission". Reviews of Geophysics. 45 (2): RG2004. Bibcode:2007RvGeo..45.2004F. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.102.9372 . doi:10.1029/2005RG000183. ISSN   1944-9208. S2CID   140735782.
  23. ↑ "Can I post images to the web?". Google Earth Help Center. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2007.
  24. ↑ "Dive into New Google Earth". Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
  25. ↑ "Timelapse." Google Earth Engine, earthengine.google.com/timelapse/.
  26. ↑ Gopal Shah, Google Earth's Incredible 3D Imagery, Explained Archived June 11, 2020, at the Wayback Machine , April 18, 2017
  27. ↑ "Introducing Google Building Maker". Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  28. ↑ "Explore the world with tour guide and 3D imagery in Google Earth 7". Google LatLong Blog. Archived from the original on January 28, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  29. ↑ "Google Earth adds new 3D imagery in 21 cities to its 11,000 guided tours of our planet". November 2012. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
  30. ↑ Giles Tremlett (January 14, 2009). "Online gallery zooms in on Prado's masterpieces (even the smutty bits)". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
  31. ↑ "14 masterpieces from the Museo del Prado in mega-high resolution on Google Earth". Museo del Prado. January 14, 2009. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  32. ↑ Hoffman, Tony (May 6, 2008). "Google Earth 4.3". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
  33. ↑ "Check out 30 famous World Heritage sites you can virtually visit on Google Earth while social distancing". Business Insider. Archived from the original on March 21, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  34. ↑ "Pixar Easter Eggs Hidden in Google Street View Imagery of Toy Story Land at Disney's Hollywood Studios". Disney Parks Blog. July 5, 2019. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  35. ↑ "Google Earth dives under the sea". BBC News. February 2, 2009. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  36. ↑ "Google Earth now includes US "Third Coast"". Google Lat Long. Archived from the original on January 11, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  37. ↑ "New View of Ocean Floor in Google Earth". Gearthblog.com. January 18, 2009. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  38. ↑ "Google Lat Long: See the seafloor like never before on World Oceans Day". Google-latlong.blogspot.com. June 8, 2011. Archived from the original on June 21, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  39. ↑ "Google Sky". Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  40. ↑ "Explore the sky with Google Earth". August 22, 2007. Archived from the original on July 3, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2007.
  41. ↑ "Celestial add-on points Google Earth at the stars – tech – August 22, 2007 – New Scientist Tech". Technology.newscientist.com. Archived from the original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  42. ↑ "Explore Astronomy – gSky Browser". HubbleSite. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  43. ↑ "Astronomers eager to add to Sky in Google Earth". University of California Berkeley. September 6, 2007. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  44. ↑ "Chat With a Martian in Google Earth 5". Googlesystem.blogspot.com. February 3, 2009. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  45. ↑ "Look at the Moon in Google Earth – Available Now! | Google Earth Blog". Gearthblog.com. July 20, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  46. ↑ "Google Earth Event on July 20th in DC – Expect the Moon | Google Earth Blog". Gearthblog.com. July 9, 2009. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  47. ↑ "Google LatLong: Fly yourself to the moon". Google-latlong.blogspot.com. July 20, 2009. Archived from the original on March 1, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  48. ↑ "Keyhole Markup Language — Google Developers". March 1, 2012. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  49. ↑ "Earth". Archived from the original on April 4, 2008. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
  50. ↑ "Homepage von Stefan Kühn". webkuehn.de. Archived from the original on March 9, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  51. ↑ Wang, David (February 28, 2007). "Stuck in traffic?". Archived from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  52. ↑ "Use Google Earth flight simulator – Google Earth Help". Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  53. ↑ Webwise: Google's flight simulator [ dead link ] The Sunday Times , January 27, 2008
  54. ↑ "Planes For Google Earth Flight Simulator | Google Earth Blog". Gearthblog.com. August 11, 2009. Archived from the original on September 30, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  55. ↑ "Moving GEFS Online from Google Earth to Cesium". Cesium Blog. Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  56. ↑ "A galaxy of your own". Google-latlong.blogspot.com. September 30, 2010. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  57. ↑ "Liquid Galaxy wiki on code.google.com". September 30, 2010. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
  58. ↑ "Peruse-a-Rue: Street View for Liquid Galaxy". September 3, 2013. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
  59. ↑ "Liquid Galaxy and its Very Own Street View App". November 9, 2013. Archived from the original on November 19, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
  60. ↑ FSF.org Archived August 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine : High Priority Free Software Projects
  61. ↑ "Google Earth now available for Android". google-latlong.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
  62. ↑ Sorrel, Charlie (October 27, 2008). "Google Earth Comes to the iPhone". Wired . Archived from the original on April 22, 2009. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
  63. ↑ "Google Earth now available for the iPhone". Google Mobile team. October 27, 2008. Archived from the original on February 4, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
  64. ↑ Redmer, Jens (December 16, 2009). "Google LatLong: Google & Audi take Google services in a car to the next level in the new Audi A8". Google-latlong.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2010. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  65. ↑ Warren, Tom (February 27, 2020). "Google Earth finally available in browsers other than Chrome". The Verge. Archived from the original on February 27, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  66. ↑ "Google Earth finally works on Firefox, Edge and Opera browsers". Engadget. February 27, 2020. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  67. ↑ "Update Google Earth Pro". Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  68. ↑ "Google Earth 8.0 Hits Google Play, New 3D Rendering Tech and Refreshed Maps in Tow". October 22, 2014. Archived from the original on October 15, 2023. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
  69. ↑ Shah, Gopal (April 18, 2017). "Welcome home to the new Google Earth". The Keyword - Google Product and Technology News and Stories. Google. Archived from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
  70. ↑ Broussard, Mitchel (August 2, 2017). "Google Earth iOS App Updated With Flyover-Like 3D Views and 64-Bit Support". MacRumors . Archived from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
  71. ↑ Schoon, Ben (September 23, 2023). "Google Earth gets a redesigned Android app with Projects support, removes Voyager". 9to5Google . Archived from the original on September 27, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  72. ↑ Kate Knibbs (February 2, 2015). "Google Earth Pro Is Now Available for Free". Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  73. ↑ Rose, Robert (February 11, 2015). "Good News Everyone! Google Earth Pro Now Free!". Mapshole. Archived from the original on July 26, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  74. ↑ "Notes on Google Earth releases, Help Center". Google Earth Pro Support Community. July 10, 2017. Archived from the original on April 8, 2019. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  75. ↑ "Google Earth for Desktop". Google Earth. Archived from the original on February 22, 2015. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  76. ↑ "Google Earth Plus". Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  77. ↑ "Google Earth Enterprise – Google Earth and Maps Enterprise". Archived from the original on February 10, 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  78. ↑ "(Deprecated) Google Earth Enterprise Help". Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  79. ↑ "Open-Sourcing Google Earth Enterprise". Archived from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  80. ↑ "FAQ". Google Earth Studio. Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  81. ↑ "Google Earth Studio". Google Earth Studio. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  82. ↑ "Google Groups". productforums.google.com. Archived from the original on December 3, 2018. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  83. ↑ "First Review of New Google Earth - Google Earth Blog". Google Earth Blog. April 18, 2017. Archived from the original on April 23, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  84. 1 2 "Google Earth gets a new home on the Web, fancy "guided tour" section". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  85. ↑ "Google Earth API — Google Developers". February 24, 2012. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  86. ↑ Teglet, Traian (May 29, 2008). "Driving the Monster Milktruck in Google Earth". Softpedia. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  87. ↑ "Google Earth API Developer's Guide". Google Developers. May 8, 2015. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
  88. ↑ "Chromium Blog: Saying Goodbye to Our Old Friend NPAPI". Chromium Blog. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  89. ↑ "Google Earth VR". Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  90. ↑ "Google Earth VR Bringing the Whole Wide World to Virtual Reality". November 16, 2016. Archived from the original on January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  91. ↑ "Google Earth VR App Gets Support for Street View". TechCrunch. September 14, 2017. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  92. ↑ "Google Earth Outreach". Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  93. ↑ "Google Earth Outreach Goes to the Amazon". Archived from the original on March 17, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  94. ↑ "Exploring Global Awareness Layers in Google Earth". The Good Human. November 26, 2017. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  95. ↑ "Explore Arkive using Google Earth". Arkive. Archived from the original on November 25, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  96. ↑ Gardner, Timothy (December 2, 2010). "Google unveils satellite platform to aid forest efforts". reuters. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  97. 1 2 "FAQ – Google Earth Engine". earthengine.google.com. Archived from the original on April 11, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  98. ↑ Dunbar, Brian (n.d.). "New Public Application of Landsat Images Released". NASA . Archived from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  99. ↑ Gorelick, Noel (April 2013). "Google Earth Engine". EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts. 15: EGU2013–11997. Bibcode:2013EGUGA..1511997G.
  100. ↑ "Introduction | Google Earth Engine API | Google Developers". Google Developers. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  101. ↑ "Earth Engine Code Editor | Google Earth Engine". Google Developers. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  102. ↑ "Seeing the forest through the cloud". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  103. ↑ "Introducing Google Earth Engine". Google. December 2, 2010. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  104. ↑ Hansen, M. C.; et al. (November 15, 2013). "Global Forest Change". Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  105. ↑ Joshi, Anup R.; Dinerstein, Eric; Wikramanayake, Eric; Anderson, Michael L.; Olson, David; Jones, Benjamin S.; Seidensticker, John; Lumpkin, Susan; Hansen, Matthew C. (April 1, 2016). "Tracking changes and preventing loss in critical tiger habitat". Science Advances. 2 (4): e1501675. Bibcode:2016SciA....2E1675J. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501675. ISSN   2375-2548. PMC   4820387 . PMID   27051881.
  106. ↑ "UCSF, Google Earth Engine Making Maps to Predict Malaria". UC San Francisco. September 10, 2014. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  107. ↑ "The nature of water: unveiling the most detailed view of water on Earth". Google. December 7, 2016. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  108. ↑ Barkham, Patrick (January 10, 2020). "Grass growing around Mount Everest as global heating intensifies". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2020– via www.theguardian.com.
  109. ↑ Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 . ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   7723057 . PMID   33293507.
  110. 1 2 Amani, Meisam; Ghorbanian, Arsalan; Ahmadi, Seyed Ali; Kakooei, Mohammad; Moghimi, Armin; Mirmazloumi, S. Mohammad; Moghaddam, Sayyed Hamed Alizadeh; Mahdavi, Sahel; Ghahremanloo, Masoud; Parsian, Saeid; Wu, Qiusheng (2020). "Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing Platform for Remote Sensing Big Data Applications: A Comprehensive Review". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 13: 5326–5350. Bibcode:2020IJSTA..13.5326A. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2020.3021052 . hdl: 2117/359277 . ISSN   2151-1535. S2CID   221848196.
  111. ↑ Akbarnejad Nesheli, Sara; Quackenbush, Lindi J.; McCaffrey, Lewis (January 2024). "Estimating Chlorophyll-a and Phycocyanin Concentrations in Inland Temperate Lakes across New York State Using Sentinel-2 Images: Application of Google Earth Engine for Efficient Satellite Image Processing". Remote Sensing. 16 (18): 3504. doi: 10.3390/rs16183504 . ISSN   2072-4292.
  112. ↑ "Commercial – Google Earth Engine". earthengine.google.com. Archived from the original on November 28, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  113. ↑ "Why is Google Earth being blocked in Iran?" Archived January 2, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Google Earth Help forums June 17, 2009
  114. ↑ "Google Earth ban in Sudan is due to US export restrictions" Archived April 11, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Sudan Tribune, April 22, 2007
  115. ↑ "Morocco censorship?". Ogleearth.com. August 24, 2006. Archived from the original on June 3, 2009. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
  116. ↑ Arza-García, Marcos; Gil-Docampo, Mariluz; Ortiz-Sanz, Juan; Martínez-Rodríguez, Santiago (May 4, 2019). "Virtual globes for UAV-based data integration: Sputnik GIS and Google Earth™ applications". International Journal of Digital Earth. 12 (5): 583–593. Bibcode:2019IJDE...12..583A. doi:10.1080/17538947.2018.1470205. hdl: 10347/16754 . ISSN   1753-8947. S2CID   134211000.
  117. ↑ Gurevitch, Leon (2014). "Google Warming". Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. 20: 85–107. doi:10.1177/1354856513516266. S2CID   144987331.
  118. ↑ "Chinese X-file excites spotters". The Sydney Morning Herald. July 20, 2006. Archived from the original on January 27, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
  119. ↑ "From sky, see how China builds model of Indian border 2400 km away". Archived from the original on January 23, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
  120. ↑ "New Chinese Ballistic Missile Submarine Spotted". Archived from the original on July 9, 2007. Retrieved July 10, 2007.
  121. ↑ Clancy Chassay in Gaza City and Bobbie Johnson (October 25, 2007). "Google Earth used to target Israel". Guardian. London. Archived from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  122. ↑ Levinson, Charles (October 26, 2007). "Google Earth used in rocket strikes on Israel" . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  123. ↑ "Google Maps launches 3D view of Taipei today". Taipei: Taiwan News. February 13, 2019. Archived from the original on February 26, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  124. ↑ "Google Earth spills the beans, reveals Taiwan's secret military bases". Digital Trends. February 19, 2019. Archived from the original on February 26, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  125. ↑ "3D images of Taiwan to be pulled from Google Maps". Taipei: Focus Taiwan. February 23, 2019. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  126. ↑ "Kalam Concerned Over Google Earth". Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
  127. ↑ Deshpande, Rajeev (February 4, 2007). "Google Earth agrees to blur pix of key Indian sites". The Times of India . Archived from the original on August 11, 2011.
  128. ↑ "Google Earth Poses Security Threat to India, ISRO Chief seeks Dialogue". July 10, 2006. Archived from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
  129. ↑ "Google Earth images compromise secret installations in S. Korea". Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
  130. ↑ Goldman, Dudi (June 20, 1995). "Google 'spying' on IDF". Ynetnews. Ynetnews.com. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
  131. ↑ "Eyeball-series.org". www.eyeball-series.org. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  132. ↑ Bedi, Rahul (December 9, 2008). "Mumbai attacks: Indian suit against Google Earth over image use by terrorists" . Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
  133. ↑ Gruen, Madeleine,"Attempt to Attack the Paul Findley Federal Building in Springfield, Illinois" Archived March 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine ," The NEFA Foundation, December 2009, accessed December 18, 2009
  134. ↑ "Google Earth prompts security fears". Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Archived from the original on January 24, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
  135. ↑ "Aussie Nuclear Reactor on Google Earth". Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
  136. ↑ "Google Earth maps out discrimination against burakumin caste in Japan". Timesonline.co.uk. May 22, 2009. Archived from the original on September 27, 2009. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
  137. ↑ Gilbertson, Scott (February 13, 2009). "Why Google's Software Update Tool Is Evil". Wired. Archived from the original on May 29, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
  138. ↑ Weiss, Todd R. (February 22, 2014). "Google Sued for Alleged Google Earth Patent Infringement". eWEEK. Archived from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2021.
  139. ↑ ART+COM Innovationpool GmbH v. Google LLC (Court case). 1:14-cv-00217. Retrieved October 24, 2021– via CourtListener.
  140. ↑ Art+Com Innovationpool v. Google (Court case). Retrieved October 24, 2021– via Findlaw.
  141. ↑ "Stephen Wong Lau Obituary - Pelham, AL". Archived from the original on October 24, 2021. Retrieved October 24, 2021.
  142. ↑ "'The Billion Dollar Code': The battle over Google Earth". Deutsche Welle. October 7, 2021. Archived from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  143. ↑ "The Billion Dollar Code". Netflix.com. Netflix. Archived from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  144. ↑ Bar-Zeev, Avi (October 14, 2021). "Was Google Earth Stolen?". Medium. Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
  145. ↑ "CAFC affirms invalidity of geographic map visualization patent asserted against Google Earth". IPWatchdog.com | Patents & Intellectual Property Law. October 25, 2017. Archived from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.