OS X Lion

Last updated

OS X 10.7 Lion
Version of the macOS operating system
OS X Lion icon.png
Mac OSX Lion screen.png
Screenshot of OS X Lion
Developer Apple Inc.
OS family
Source model Closed, with open source components
General
availability 		July 20, 2011;13 years ago (2011-07-20) [2]
Latest release 10.7.5 (Build 11G63) / October 4, 2012;12 years ago (2012-10-04) [3]
Update method Apple Software Update
Platforms x86-64
Kernel type Hybrid (XNU)
License Apple Public Source License (APSL) and Apple end-user license agreement (EULA)
Preceded by Mac OS X Snow Leopard
Succeeded by OS X Mountain Lion
Official website Apple - OS X Lion - The world's most advanced OS. at the Wayback Machine (archived June 9, 2012)
TaglineThe world's most advanced desktop operating system advances even further.
Support status
Historical, unsupported as of about October 2014. [4] iTunes is no longer supported as of September 2015.

OS X Lion, [5] [6] also known as Mac OS X Lion, [2] (version 10.7) is the eighth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop and server operating system for Mac computers.

Contents

A preview of OS X 10.7 Lion was publicly shown at the "Back to the Mac" Apple Special Event on October 20, 2010. It brought many developments made in Apple's iOS, such as an easily navigable display of installed applications, to the Mac, and includes support for the Mac App Store, as introduced in Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard version 10.6.6. [7] [8] On February 24, 2011, the first developer's preview of Lion (11A390) was released to subscribers to the Apple Developer program. [9] Other developer previews were subsequently released, with Lion Preview 4 (11A480b) being released at WWDC 2011. [10]

Lion was released to manufacturing on July 1, 2011, [11] followed by its final release via the Mac App Store on July 20, 2011. Apple reported over one million Lion sales on the first day of its release. [12] As of October 2011, OS X Lion had sold over six million copies worldwide. [13] Mac OS X 10.7.1 was the last version of Mac OS X released under CEO Steve Jobs. 10.7.2 and later were released under CEO Tim Cook. 10.7.5 added Gatekeeper. [14]

Lion is the first version of macOS that did not support 32-bit processors and is also the final release whose development was overseen by Bertrand Serlet, considered to be the "founding father of Mac OS X". [15]

Although originally paid, Apple later allowed free downloads of the OS, especially for customers of older and no longer officially supported Mac computers, starting on June 30, 2021. [16] [17] The same practice was applied to its successor, OS X Mountain Lion.

Release and distribution

OS X Lion was announced alongside iOS 5 and iCloud at WWDC 2011 at Moscone West. WWDC 2011 Moscone West Interior.jpg
OS X Lion was announced alongside iOS 5 and iCloud at WWDC 2011 at Moscone West.

On June 6, 2011, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference, it was announced that the official release for Lion would be in July 2011. The specific release date of July 20 was not confirmed until the day before, July 19, by Apple CFO, Peter Oppenheimer, as part of Apple's 2011 third-quarter earnings announcement. [18]

Apple did not initially announce any physical media distribution for Lion, such as a set of CD-ROMs or a DVD-ROM as used for past releases. Instead, the operating system was said to be available exclusively as a download from the Mac App Store for US$29.99. [19] [20] The only prior version of OS X that supports the Mac App Store is Snow Leopard, which implied that any machines that support Lion currently running Tiger or Leopard would first have to be upgraded to Snow Leopard, as opposed to allowing a direct upgrade to Lion.

Apple later announced two alternative distribution mechanisms for the benefit of users without broadband Internet access: in-store downloads at retail Apple Stores, and a USB flash drive containing the OS, priced at US$69, available through the online Apple Store beginning in August. [2] On August 4, 2011, Apple started to take orders for OS X Lion's USB installation flash drives for $69.99. [21]

The Server portion of Lion is available as a separate download from the Mac App Store for US$49.99, which is in addition to the purchase price of Lion itself. [22]

In July 2012, Lion was removed from the Mac App Store and retail Apple stores following the release of OS X Mountain Lion. [23] Following the removal of Lion from the Mac App Store, customers could still purchase Lion by phone at the reduced price of $20. [24] In October 2013, Lion was returned to the Apple Store website concurrently with Mountain Lion following the release of OS X Mavericks for the convenience of users who cannot run Mavericks on older Mac models. [25]

Hardware support

The first developer preview of Lion added TRIM support for Solid-state drives (SSD) shipped with Macs, which is also included in the latest version of Snow Leopard (10.6.8) shipping with MacBook Pros before July 20, 2011. Other SSDs have built-in TRIM-like optimization, while yet others require OS patching. [26]

System requirements

New or changed features

Some new features were announced at the "Back to the Mac" keynote in October 2010, and the Apple website was updated in February 2011 with more details. Other features were announced at the WWDC 2011 keynote or on Apple's OS X Lion Web site after the keynote. Apple stated that there were over 250 new or changed features in Lion, including:

The complete list was on Apple's website but has since been taken down; it can now be found on the Internet Archive. [71] The developer release notes may also be of interest. [72]

Server features

User interface changes

Dropped features

Reception

Reception for OS X Lion at launch was mixed; complaints include the fact that the normal "save" workflow had been disrupted by the Autosave/Revert workflow. [94] Other highly criticized decisions include the change to "natural scrolling", [95] hiding of the scroll bar, [96] the omission of the iSync program necessary to synchronize a Mac with non-Apple mobile devices, [97] as well as abandoned functionality in Exposé [98] and Spaces. [99]

However, in an extensive review of the operating system, Ars Technica recommended Lion. [74] They noted that it feels like it is the start of a new line of operating systems that will continue to be influenced by Apple's iOS platform. [74] The review also compared the introduction of Lion, along with its new conventions that change traditional ways of computing, with the original Mac OS X and when it replaced the classic Mac OS. [74] Macworld stated that Lion was a "radical revision", praising the changes made to the operating system to be more user friendly to new Mac users who are familiar with the iOS interface, while criticizing the limited utility of the interface. Ultimately, the magazine considered Lion an operating system worth getting, giving it 4.5 out of 5 stars. [100] guardian.co.uk called Lion a substantial improvement from its predecessors and considered it a "steal" given its price. [101]

On the other hand, Gizmodo stated that the new interface "feels like a failure" and concluded by saying that "it doesn't feel like a must-have upgrade". [102] Ted Landau of MacObserver also had serious criticism of Lion, reversing his earlier praise of Autosave and writing, "Auto Save takes irritatingly long when working with large documents. Still others lament the loss of the Save As… command, noting that the new Duplicate option is not as convenient to use. The consensus is that none of this would matter much — if you could disable Auto Save. If you like how it works, leave things as is. Otherwise, get rid of it. But Lion offers no way to turn Auto Save off. This is the heart of the "my way or the highway" complaint. A posting sums it up: "The new features are intrusive, non-respectful of the users' choices, and cannot be changed." [94]

Due to Lion's enhanced security features, including application sandboxing, Dino Dai Zovi characterized Lion's security as "a significant improvement". He also said, "I generally tell Mac users that if they care about security, they should upgrade to Lion sooner rather than later, and the same goes for Windows users, too." [103]

The 10.7.3 update was released with bugs, so Apple removed the standard download from their server and instead recommended that users download the Client Combo update instead, which can fully update a 10.7 system to 10.7.3. [104]

Software incompatibilities

Release history

VersionBuild [110] Date Darwin versionNotes
10.711A511July 20, 201111.0Original release on the Mac App Store
11A511sAugust 16, 2011Original retail USB Thumb Drive release [111]
11A2061 [112] July 20, 201111.0.2For the Mid-2011 Mac Mini (11A2061) and Mid-2011 MacBook Air (11A2063). Available on Lion Internet Recovery [113] (⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+R upon reboot on Mid-2011 or later Macs)
11A2063
10.7.111B26August 16, 201111.1.0General operating system fixes [114]
11B2118For the Mid-2011 Mac mini and Mid-2011 MacBook Air. Same as general 10.7.1, plus fixes for the MacBook Air display and power, and a fix for the Mac mini SD card slot. [115]
10.7.211C74October 12, 201111.2Appends MobileMe with iCloud. [116] Various operating system fixes, minor user interface tweaks, Safari 5.1.1, and the ability to boot into Lion Recovery from a Time Machine disk. [117]
10.7.311D50February 1, 201211.3General operating system fixes, Safari 5.1.3, adds Catalan, Croatian, Greek, Hebrew, Romanian, Slovak, Thai, and Ukrainian language support. [118] Also, new High-DPI cursors were added in the asset files, rumored to be for the rumored upcoming Retina display. [119] [120]
10.7.411E53May 9, 201211.4General operating system fixes, improved SMB file copying reliability, Safari 5.1.6. [121]
10.7.511G56September 19, 201211.4.2General operating system fixes, Safari 5.1.7, adds Gatekeeper. [122]
11G63October 4, 201211.4.2
xnu-1699.32.7~1

Timeline

Timeline of Mac operating systems
ARM architecture familyx86PowerPC68kMacBook Air (Apple silicon)iMac ProRetina MacBook ProMacBook AirApple–Intel architecturePower Mac G5Power Mac G4iMac G3Power MacintoshMacintosh QuadraMacintosh PortableMacintosh SE/30Macintosh IIMacintosh PlusMacintosh 128KmacOS SequoiamacOS SonomamacOS VenturamacOS MontereymacOS Big SurmacOS CatalinamacOS MojavemacOS High SierramacOS SierraOS X El CapitanOS X YosemiteOS X MavericksOS X Mountain LionMac OS X LionMac OS X Snow LeopardMac OS X LeopardMac OS X TigerMac OS X PantherMac OS X 10.2Mac OS X 10.1Mac OS X 10.0Mac OS X Server 1.0Mac OS X Public BetaA/UXA/UXA/UXMacWorks XLMacWorks XLSun RemarketingMacWorks XLMac OS 9Mac OS 9Mac OS 9Mac OS 8Mac OS 8Mac OS 8Mac OS 8System 7System 7System 7System 7System 6Classic Mac OSClassic Mac OSClassic Mac OSClassic Mac OSSystem 1Finder (software)Finder (software)Finder (software)Finder (software)Finder (software)Finder (software)Finder (software)OS X Lion

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