This is a list of Android distributions, Android-based operating systems (OS) commonly referred to as Custom ROMs or Android ROMs, forked from the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) without Google Play Services included officially in some or all markets, yet maintained independent coverage in notable Android-related sources.
The list may include distributions that come pre-installed on a device (stock ROM) or modifications of them. Only builds considered official are listed.
Name | Developer | Last updated | Open source? [a] | Latest release | Android version | Year started | Supported devices | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | ||||||||
BharOS | JandK, IIT Madras | 2023 | No | Unknown | 13 (?) | 2023 | A fork of the Android Open Source Project | |
CalyxOS | Calyx Institute | 2024 | Yes | 5 [1] | 14 | 2019 [2] | Google Pixel 3 through 8 Pro, Fairphone 4, SHIFT6mq, Moto G32 through G52 [3] | Privacy focused. |
ColorOS | OPPO | 2024 | Kernel only | 15.0 | 15 | 2013 | OPPO and OnePlus Android Smartphones and Tablets | |
CopperheadOS | Copperhead Security | 2022 | Kernel only | 13.09.28 | 13 [4] | 2014 | 9 [5] | Security- and privacy-focused, no OS analytics by default, smartphones with preinstalled OS commercially available. |
crDroid | crDroid team | 2024 | Yes | 10.8 | 14 | 2014 [6] | 485 [7] | Based on LineageOS |
/e/ | e Foundation | 2024 | optional proprietary apps [8] | 2.6.3 [9] | 14 [9] | 2017 | 181 [10] | Privacy focused, smartphones with preinstalled OS commercially available. Forked from LineageOS. Formerly called "Eelo" and now named MurenaOS. |
emteria.OS | emteria GmbH | 2024 | Kernel only [11] | 14.4 [12] | 14 | 2017 | ARM and x86 platforms, custom industrial hardware platforms, strong focus on the Raspberry Pi family (5, 4B, 3B, 400, CM, etc.) | Platform for building custom Android ROMs ("emteria.OS") targeted at professional enterprise applications. Supported by a set of remote management and OTA update capabilities ("DeviceHub"). |
Fire OS | Amazon.com, Inc. | 2021-09-25 | Partial [13] | 8.3.1.9 | 11 | 2011 | Amazon Kindle Fire, Fire TV, Fire Phone, Amazon Echo | Centered on content consumption, heavy ties to Amazon's store and content. |
GrapheneOS | GrapheneOS team | 2024 | Yes | 15 | 15 | 2019 [14] | Supported Google Pixel devices [15] | Security and privacy focused. Lead developer worked on CopperheadOS until a dispute between the co-founders over licensing caused his departure. [14] |
Xiaomi HyperOS | Xiaomi Corporation | 2024 | Kernel only | 2.0 | 15 | 2023 | Xiaomi, Redmi and POCO devices | Succeeding MIUI |
Indus OS | Team Indus OS | ? | Kernel only | 3.0 | 7 | 2015 | 80 [16] | |
iodéOS | iodé technologies | 2024 | optional proprietary apps [17] | 5.1 | 14 | 2020 | 39 [18] | Privacy focused and based on LineageOS, comes with a built-in adblocker. |
Kali NetHunter [19] [20] | Kali community member “BinkyBear” & Offensive Security | 2024-09-11 [21] [22] | Yes | 2024.3 [20] [21] [22] | 5.1.1 - | 2016 (?) | 48[1][2][3][4] | Open Source Android penetration testing platform. NetHunter supports Wireless 802.11 frame injection, one-click MANA Evil Access Point setups, HID keyboard, as well as BadUSB MITM attacks – built upon Kali Linux distribution and toolsets.[1][2][3] |
LineageOS | LineageOS community | 2024 | Yes | 21 | 14 | 2016 | 175 [26] | Officially the successor of CyanogenMod. |
MagicOS | Honor | 2024 | No | 8 | 14 | 2016 | Honor devices | Also known as Magic UI on pre 7.x version, independently developed by Honor for Honor devices after it split with Huawei. |
OmniROM | OmniROM community | 2020 | Yes | 14.0 | 14 | 2013 | 19 [27] | |
One UI | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | 2024 | Kernel only | 6.1.1 | 14 | 2019 | Samsung Galaxy Smartphones and Tablets | Succeeding Samsung Experience UX and TouchWiz |
OxygenOS | OnePlus | 2024 | Partial | 15.0 | 15 | 2015 | OnePlus Android Smartphones | Merged with HydrogenOS in 2018. [28] Using ColorOS codebase from 12.0 release. |
Paranoid Android | Paranoid Android Team | 2024 | Yes | Uvite | 14 | 2012[ citation needed ] | 31 [29] | Based on CAF |
Realme UI | Realme | 2024 | Kernel only | 6.0 | 15 | 2020 | Realme devices | Based on ColorOS |
Replicant | Denis Carikli, Paul Kocialkowski | 2019 | Yes | 6.0 0003 | 6 | 2010 | 12 [30] | Based on LineageOS, removes or replaces proprietary components and anti-features |
Shift OS | SHIFT GmbH | 2023 | Yes | 2018 | ||||
SlimRoms | SlimRoms Team | 2018 | Yes | 7 | 7.1 | 2012 | ~50 | |
Discontinued | ||||||||
AliOS | Alibaba Cloud | 2018 | Kernel only | 2.0 | 4.4 (?) | 2011 | A forked but incompatible version of Android [31] | |
AOKP | Team Kang | 2020 | Yes | Pie | 9 | 2011 | 115 [32] | Based on LineageOS |
Baidu Yi | Baidu, Inc. | 2015 | Kernel only | Unknown | 4 (?) | 2011 | Discontinued in March 2015 | |
CyanogenMod | CyanogenMod Open-Source Community, Cyanogen Inc | 2016 | Yes | 14.1 Nightly | 7.1.1 | 2009 | 571 [33] | CyanogenMod's official successor is LineageOS |
DivestOS [34] | Tavi (SkewedZeppelin) | 2024 | Yes | 20 | 13 | 2014 | 178 [35] | Soft fork of LineageOS. Includes Monthly Updates, FOSS Focus, Deblobbing, Security and Privacy focus, and F-Droid |
EMUI | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | 2024 | No | 14.2 | 12 | 2012 | Huawei and Honor devices | Also known as Magic UI in most of the high-end Honor devices and the current Honor devices after it split with Huawei. |
MIUI | Xiaomi Corporation | 2023 | Kernel only | 14.0 | 14 | 2010 | Xiaomi, Redmi and POCO devices | Succeeded by Xiaomi HyperOS |
LG UX | LG Electronics | 2023 | Kernel only | 10.0 | 13 | 2012 | LG Smartphones and Tablets | Succeeding Optimus UI |
LeWa OS | Lewa Technology | ? | Kernel only | OS 7 beta | 5.1.1 | 2011 | ||
PixelExperience | PixelExperience Team | 2024 | Yes | 14 | 14 | 2017 | 100+ [36] | Discontinued in April 2024, Android 14 is a beta |
Resurrection Remix OS | Resurrection Remix Team | 2021 | Yes | 8.7.3 | 10 | 2012 | 74 [37] | |
Smartisan OS | Smartisan | 2020 | Partial | 8.0 | 10 | 2012 | 15 |
A Linux distribution is an operating system that includes the Linux kernel for its kernel functionality. Although the name does not imply product distribution per se, a distro, if distributed on its own, is often obtained via a website intended specifically for the purpose. Distros have been designed for a wide variety of systems ranging from personal computers to servers and from embedded devices to supercomputers.
A mobile operating system is an operating system used for smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, smartglasses, or other non-laptop personal mobile computing devices. While computers such as typical/mobile laptops are "mobile", the operating systems used on them are usually not considered mobile, as they were originally designed for desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific mobile features. This "fine line" distinguishing mobile and other forms has become blurred in recent years, due to the fact that newer devices have become smaller and more mobile, unlike the hardware of the past. Key notabilities blurring this line are the introduction of tablet computers, light laptops, and the hybridization of the two in 2-in-1 PCs.
The Linux kernel is a free and open source, UNIX-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system (OS) which was created to be a free replacement for Unix. Since the late 1990s, it has been included in many operating system distributions, many of which are called Linux. One such Linux kernel operating system is Android which is used in many mobile and embedded devices.
Replicant is a free and open-source Android-based operating system that intends to replace all proprietary Android components with free-software counterparts. It is available for several smartphones and tablets. Replicant's modifications are mostly in the C programming language, and its changes are mostly to the lower-level parts of the OS, such as the Linux kernel and drivers that use it.
F-Droid is a free and open source app store and software repository for Android, serving a similar function to the Google Play store. The main repository, hosted by the project, contains only free and open source apps. Applications can be browsed, downloaded and installed from the F-Droid website or client app without the need to register an account. "Anti-features" such as advertising, user tracking, or dependence on non-free software are flagged in app descriptions.
Besides the Linux distributions designed for general-purpose use on desktops and servers, distributions may be specialized for different purposes including computer architecture support, embedded systems, stability, security, localization to a specific region or language, targeting of specific user groups, support for real-time applications, or commitment to a given desktop environment. Furthermore, some distributions deliberately include only free software. As of 2015, over four hundred Linux distributions are actively developed, with about a dozen distributions being most popular for general-purpose use.
Linux for mobile devices, sometimes referred to as mobile Linux, is the usage of Linux-based operating systems on portable devices, whose primary or only Human interface device (HID) is a touchscreen. It mainly comprises smartphones and tablet computers, but also some mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) portable media players that come with a touchscreen separately.
AOKP, short for Android Open Kang Project, is an open-source replacement distribution for smartphones and tablet computers based on the Android mobile operating system. The name is a play on the word kang and AOSP. The name was a joke, but it stuck. It was started as free and open-source software by Roman Birg based on the official releases of Android Open Source Project by Google, with added original and third-party code, features, and control.
Kali NetHunter is a free and open-source mobile penetration testing platform for Android devices, based on Kali Linux. Kali NetHunter is available for non-rooted devices, for rooted devices that have a standard recovery, and for rooted devices with custom recovery for which a NetHunter specific kernel is available (NetHunter). Official images are published by Offensive Security on their download page and are updated every quarter. NetHunter images with custom kernels are published for the most popular supported devices, such as Google Nexus, Samsung Galaxy and OnePlus. Many more models are supported, and images not published by Offensive Security can be generated using NetHunter build scripts. Kali NetHunter is maintained by a community of volunteers, and is funded by Offensive Security.
CopperheadOS is a mobile operating system for smartphones, based on the Android mobile platform. It adds privacy and security features to the official releases of the Android Open Source Project by Google. CopperheadOS is developed by Copperhead, a Canadian information security company. It is licensed under Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0, although its source code is not available for public download.
LineageOS is a open source Android operating system for smartphones, tablets, and set-top boxes. It is community-developed and serves as the successor to CyanogenMod, from which it was forked in December 2016. As of 2023, there are about 1.5 million devices running LineageOS.
Resurrection Remix OS, abbreviated as RR, is a free and open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. UX designer and head developer Altan KRK & Varun Date started the project in 2012.
postmarketOS is an operating system primarily for smartphones, based on the Alpine Linux distribution.
/e/ is a fork of LineageOS, an Android-based mobile operating system, and associated online services. /e/ is presented as privacy software that does not contain proprietary Google apps or services, and challenges the public to "find any parts of the system or default applications that are still leaking data to Google."
MicroG is a free and open-source implementation of proprietary Google libraries that serves as a replacement for Google Play Services on the Android operating system. It is maintained by the German developer Marvin Wißfeld. He describes microG as "the framework to create a fully-compatible Android distribution without any proprietary Google components".
crDroid is a customized fork of Android based on LineageOS. It has offered unofficial releases of Android 10, 11, 12.1, 13, 14, and 15 Custom ROMs.
iodéOS is an Android-based mobile operating system developed by French company iodé. The operating system is a fork of LineageOS and does not include Google Play Services, instead using MicroG as a free and open-source replacement.
CalyxOS is a Android-based operating system for select smartphones, foldables and tablets with mostly free and open-source software. It is produced by the Calyx Institute as part of its mission to "defend online privacy, security and accessibility."
Plasma Mobile is a Plasma variant for smartphones. It is currently available for the PinePhone, and supported devices for postmarketOS such as the OnePlus 6.
DivestOS was an open source, Android operating system. It was a soft fork of LineageOS that aimed to increase security and privacy with support for end-of-life devices. It removed many proprietary blobs and pre-installed open source apps.