Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019

Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019
Totality viewed from La Serena, Chile
Map
Type of eclipse
Nature	Total
Gamma	−0.6466
Magnitude	1.0459
Maximum eclipse
Duration	273 s (4 min 33 s)
Coordinates	17°24′S109°00′W / 17.4°S 109°W / -17.4; -109
Max. width of band	201 km (125 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse	19:24:08
References
Saros	127 (58 of 82)
Catalog # (SE5000)	9551

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Tuesday, July 2, 2019, ^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]} with a magnitude of 1.0459. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's and the apparent path of the Sun and Moon intersect, blocking all direct sunlight and turning daylight into darkness; the Sun appears to be black with a halo around it. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.4 days before perigee (on July 5, 2019, at 6:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. ^[6]

Totality was visible from the southern Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand to the Pitcairn Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago and finally reaching the Coquimbo Region in Chile and central Argentina near sunset, with the maximum of 4 minutes 33 seconds visible from the Pacific Ocean. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern Oceania, South America, and southern Central America. A total solar eclipse crossed a similar region of the Earth about a year and a half later on December 14, 2020.

List of major cities in the path of totality

• La Serena, Chile
• San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
• Bella Vista, Buenos Aires, Argentina
• San José de Jáchal, San Juan, Argentina
• Bragado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
• Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina ^[7]

Images

Animated path

Geostationary satellite view of the eclipse by NOAA's GOES East. Hurricane Barbara can also be seen in the northern hemisphere.

Visibility

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.

Following the North American solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, Astronomers Without Borders collected eclipse glasses for redistribution to Latin America and Asia for the 2019 eclipses. ^[8]

Totality travelled over areas with low levels of humidity and light pollution, allowing for very good observations. Several major observatories experienced totality, including the European Southern Observatory. ^{[9] [10]}

Oeno Island

The first land surface and the only Pacific island from which totality was visible is Oeno Island, an uninhabited atoll in the Pitcairn Islands. ^[10]

Chile

Totality was visible in a large portion of Coquimbo Region and small parts of Atacama Region. Cities in the path included La Serena and La Higuera. Approximately 300,000 people visited La Serena to view the event. ^[9] Tickets to view the eclipse from the European Southern Observatory were sold for US$2000 each. ^[10]

Argentina

Totality was visible in the provinces of San Juan, La Rioja, San Luis, Córdoba, Santa Fe, and Buenos Aires. Cities in the path included San Juan and Río Cuarto. ^[10] The path of totality finished at the Samborombon Bay, where the eclipsed sunset was observed from San Clemente del Tuyu.

Gallery

• 
  Eclipse progression from Huechuraba, Chile

• 
  Totality over La Silla Observatory, Chile
• 
  Partial from Temuco, Chile, 19:42 UTC
• 
  Partial from Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20:10 UTC
• 
  Totality as seen from La Silla Observatory, 20:39 UTC
• 
  From Ñuñoa, Chile, 20:41 UTC, near greatest eclipse
• 
  Time-lapse image from Marcos Juárez, Argentina
• 
  Solar corona, observed in ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile
• 
  The total solar eclipse diamond ring from ESO's La Silla Observatory on July 2, 2019 at the moment when most of its face is occulted by the moon. Image was taken by Mahdi Zamani by the NTT telescope viewpoint.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. ^[11]

July 2, 2019 Solar Eclipse Times

Event	Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact	2019 July 02 at 16:56:22.9 UTC
First Umbral External Contact	2019 July 02 at 18:02:19.5 UTC
First Central Line	2019 July 02 at 18:03:29.5 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact	2019 July 02 at 18:04:39.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction	2019 July 02 at 19:17:21.9 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction	2019 July 02 at 19:22:51.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse	2019 July 02 at 19:24:07.5 UTC
Greatest Duration	2019 July 02 at 19:25:18.8 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact	2019 July 02 at 20:43:33.5 UTC
Last Central Line	2019 July 02 at 20:44:46.0 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact	2019 July 02 at 20:45:58.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact	2019 July 02 at 21:51:48.1 UTC

July 2, 2019 Solar Eclipse Parameters

Parameter	Value
Eclipse Magnitude	1.04593
Eclipse Obscuration	1.09398
Gamma	−0.64656
Sun Right Ascension	06h46m14.8s
Sun Declination	+23°00'36.4"
Sun Semi-Diameter	15'43.8"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax	08.6"
Moon Right Ascension	06h46m17.9s
Moon Declination	+22°22'09.2"
Moon Semi-Diameter	16'14.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax	0°59'37.8"
ΔT	69.6 s

Eclipse season

See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of July 2019

July 2 Ascending node (new moon)	July 16 Descending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 127	Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 139

Related eclipses

Eclipses in 2019

• A partial solar eclipse on January 6.
• A total lunar eclipse on January 21.
• A total solar eclipse on July 2.
• A partial lunar eclipse on July 16.
• An annular solar eclipse on December 26.

Metonic

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 13, 2015
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 20, 2023

Tzolkinex

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 20, 2012
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 12, 2026

Half-Saros

• Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of June 26, 2010
• Followed by: Lunar eclipse of July 6, 2028

Tritos

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 1, 2008
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 1, 2030

Solar Saros 127

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 21, 2001
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 13, 2037

Inex

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 22, 1990
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 11, 2048

Triad

• Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 31, 1932
• Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 3, 2106

Solar eclipses of 2018–2021

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. ^[12]

The partial solar eclipses on February 15, 2018 and August 11, 2018 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 2018 to 2021
Ascending node				Descending node
Saros	Map	Gamma		Saros	Map	Gamma
117 Partial in Melbourne, Australia	July 13, 2018 Partial	−1.35423		122 Partial in Nakhodka, Russia	January 6, 2019 Partial	1.14174
127 Totality in La Serena, Chile	July 2, 2019 Total	−0.64656		132 Annularity in Jaffna, Sri Lanka	December 26, 2019 Annular	0.41351
137 Annularity in Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan	June 21, 2020 Annular	0.12090		142 Totality in Gorbea, Chile	December 14, 2020 Total	−0.29394
147 Partial in Halifax, Canada	June 10, 2021 Annular	0.91516		152 From HMS Protector off South Georgia	December 4, 2021 Total	−0.95261

Saros 127

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 127, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 82 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on October 10, 991 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 14, 1352 through August 15, 2091. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 82 as a partial eclipse on March 21, 2452. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 31 at 5 minutes, 40 seconds on August 30, 1532. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. ^[13]

Series members 46–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
46	47	48
February 21, 1803	March 4, 1821	March 15, 1839
49	50	51
March 25, 1857	April 6, 1875	April 16, 1893
52	53	54
April 28, 1911	May 9, 1929	May 20, 1947
55	56	57
May 30, 1965	June 11, 1983	June 21, 2001
58	59	60
July 2, 2019	July 13, 2037	July 24, 2055
61	62	63
August 3, 2073	August 15, 2091	August 26, 2109
64	65	66
September 6, 2127	September 16, 2145	September 28, 2163
67	68
October 8, 2181	October 19, 2199

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events between July 1, 2000 and July 1, 2076
July 1–2	April 19–20	February 5–7	November 24–25	September 12–13
117	119	121	123	125
July 1, 2000	April 19, 2004	February 7, 2008	November 25, 2011	September 13, 2015
127	129	131	133	135
July 2, 2019	April 20, 2023	February 6, 2027	November 25, 2030	September 12, 2034
137	139	141	143	145
July 2, 2038	April 20, 2042	February 5, 2046	November 25, 2049	September 12, 2053
147	149	151	153	155
July 1, 2057	April 20, 2061	February 5, 2065	November 24, 2068	September 12, 2072
157
July 1, 2076

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
March 14, 1801 (Saros 107)	February 12, 1812 (Saros 108)	January 12, 1823 (Saros 109)		November 10, 1844 (Saros 111)
		August 9, 1877 (Saros 114)	July 9, 1888 (Saros 115)	June 8, 1899 (Saros 116)
May 9, 1910 (Saros 117)	April 8, 1921 (Saros 118)	March 7, 1932 (Saros 119)	February 4, 1943 (Saros 120)	January 5, 1954 (Saros 121)
December 4, 1964 (Saros 122)	November 3, 1975 (Saros 123)	October 3, 1986 (Saros 124)	September 2, 1997 (Saros 125)	August 1, 2008 (Saros 126)
July 2, 2019 (Saros 127)	June 1, 2030 (Saros 128)	April 30, 2041 (Saros 129)	March 30, 2052 (Saros 130)	February 28, 2063 (Saros 131)
January 27, 2074 (Saros 132)	December 27, 2084 (Saros 133)	November 27, 2095 (Saros 134)	October 26, 2106 (Saros 135)	September 26, 2117 (Saros 136)
August 25, 2128 (Saros 137)	July 25, 2139 (Saros 138)	June 25, 2150 (Saros 139)	May 25, 2161 (Saros 140)	April 23, 2172 (Saros 141)
March 23, 2183 (Saros 142)	February 21, 2194 (Saros 143)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
November 19, 1816 (Saros 120)	October 30, 1845 (Saros 121)	October 10, 1874 (Saros 122)
September 21, 1903 (Saros 123)	August 31, 1932 (Saros 124)	August 11, 1961 (Saros 125)
July 22, 1990 (Saros 126)	July 2, 2019 (Saros 127)	June 11, 2048 (Saros 128)
May 22, 2077 (Saros 129)	May 3, 2106 (Saros 130)	April 13, 2135 (Saros 131)
March 23, 2164 (Saros 132)	March 3, 2193 (Saros 133)

References

1. "July 2, 2019 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
2. "Chileans, Argentines see total solar eclipse". Albany Democrat-Herald. 2019-07-03. p. B7. Retrieved 2023-10-27– via Newspapers.com.
3. McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. "A NASA satellite caught yesterday's solar eclipse and a Category 4 hurricane at the same time — here's the video". Business Insider.
4. Waters, Michael. "Photos Capture the Great South American Eclipse". Smithsonian Magazine.
5. Strickland, Ashley; Picheta, Rob (July 2, 2019). "Stunning photos of the solar eclipse over South America". CNN.
6. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
7. "July 2, 2019 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
8. Cooper, Gael (2017-08-22). "Wait! Dig those eclipse glasses out of the garbage Here comes the sun. Astronomers Without Borders will be collecting the protective eyewear for use in future eclipses worldwide" . Retrieved 2017-08-27.
9. "Total solar eclipse: thousands in Chile and Argentina marvel at 'something supreme'". The Guardian. 2019-07-02. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2019-07-02.
10. "Total solar eclipse hits South America". BBC News. 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
11. "Total Solar Eclipse of 2019 Jul 02". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
12. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
13. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 127". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

Additional sources

• Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
  • Google interactive map
  • Besselian elements

External links

• solar-eclipse.de: The total solar eclipse of 07/02/2019
• eclipseportal.com: Total Solar Eclipse July, 02, 2019
• JulyEclipse.com has free educational materials aimed at teaching children about the July 2019 Solar Eclipse. They are available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese.