Solar eclipse of February 25, 1952

Last updated
Solar eclipse of February 25, 1952
SE1952Feb25T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma 0.4697
Magnitude 1.0366
Maximum eclipse
Duration189 s (3 min 9 s)
Coordinates 15°36′N32°42′E / 15.6°N 32.7°E / 15.6; 32.7
Max. width of band138 km (86 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse9:11:35
References
Saros 139 (26 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9402

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, February 25, 1952, [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] with a magnitude of 1.0366. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 1.4 days after perigee (on February 23, 1952, at 22:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [7]

Contents

The path of totality crossed French Equatorial Africa, Belgian Congo, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Arabia, Persia and the Soviet Union. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Africa, Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia.

Observations

Astronomers from various countries started traveling to Khartoum, capital of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan from January 1952. The team of the United States Naval Research Laboratory made studies in radio astronomy, spectrum, luminosity of corona and spectral observations. [8] Teams of the High Altitude Observatory of Harvard University and University of Colorado analyzed the spectrum of the Balmer series in the hydrogen spectral series. [9] In addition, French astronomer Bernard Ferdinand Lyot, who invented the coronagraph that allows observing the solar corona at any time, not limited to total solar eclipses, died of a heart attack in Cairo, Egypt on his way back from observing the total solar eclipse in Sudan. [10]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [11]

February 25, 1952 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1952 February 25 at 06:38:16.5 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1952 February 25 at 07:38:39.4 UTC
First Central Line1952 February 25 at 07:39:19.4 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1952 February 25 at 07:39:59.5 UTC
Greatest Duration1952 February 25 at 09:07:12.9 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1952 February 25 at 09:11:34.8 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1952 February 25 at 09:16:27.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1952 February 25 at 09:36:51.1 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1952 February 25 at 10:42:56.4 UTC
Last Central Line1952 February 25 at 10:43:34.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1952 February 25 at 10:44:13.4 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1952 February 25 at 11:44:46.4 UTC
February 25, 1952 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.03660
Eclipse Obscuration1.07454
Gamma0.46973
Sun Right Ascension22h30m04.0s
Sun Declination-09°25'03.8"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'09.4"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension22h29m11.4s
Moon Declination-08°59'49.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'30.0"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax1°00'33.5"
ΔT30.0 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of February 1952
February 11
Descending node (full moon)		 February 25
Ascending node (new moon)
Lunar eclipse chart close-1952Feb11.png SE1952Feb25T.png
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 113		 Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 139

Eclipses in 1952

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 139

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1950–1953

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [12]

The partial solar eclipse on July 11, 1953 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1950 to 1953
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
119 March 18, 1950
SE1950Mar18A.png
Annular (non-central)		0.9988124 September 12, 1950
SE1950Sep12T.png
Total		0.8903
129 March 7, 1951
SE1951Mar07A.png
Annular		−0.242134 September 1, 1951
SE1951Sep01A.png
Annular		0.1557
139 February 25, 1952
SE1952Feb25T.png
Total		0.4697144 August 20, 1952
SE1952Aug20A.png
Annular		−0.6102
149 February 14, 1953
SE1953Feb14P.png
Partial		1.1331154 August 9, 1953
SE1953Aug09P.png
Partial		−1.344

Saros 139

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds on July 16, 2186. This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000. [13] All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [14]

Series members 18–39 occur between 1801 and 2200:
181920
SE1807Nov29H.png
November 29, 1807		 SE1825Dec09H.png
December 9, 1825		 SE1843Dec21T.png
December 21, 1843
212223
SE1861Dec31T.png
December 31, 1861		 SE1880Jan11T.png
January 11, 1880		 SE1898Jan22T.png
January 22, 1898
242526
SE1916Feb03T.png
February 3, 1916 		SE1934Feb14T.png
February 14, 1934 		SE1952Feb25T.png
February 25, 1952
272829
SE1970Mar07T.png
March 7, 1970 		SE1988Mar18T.png
March 18, 1988 		SE2006Mar29T.png
March 29, 2006
303132
SE2024Apr08T.png
April 8, 2024 		SE2042Apr20T.png
April 20, 2042 		SE2060Apr30T.png
April 30, 2060
333435
SE2078May11T.png
May 11, 2078 		SE2096May22T.png
May 22, 2096 		SE2114Jun03T.png
June 3, 2114
363738
SE2132Jun13T.png
June 13, 2132 		SE2150Jun25T.png
June 25, 2150 		SE2168Jul05T.png
July 5, 2168
39
SE2186Jul16T.png
July 16, 2186

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 13, 1898 and July 20, 1982
December 13–14October 1–2July 20–21May 9February 24–25
111113115117119
SE1898Dec13P.gif
December 13, 1898		 SE1906Jul21P.png
July 21, 1906 		SE1910May09T.png
May 9, 1910 		SE1914Feb25A.png
February 25, 1914
121123125127129
SE1917Dec14A.png
December 14, 1917 		SE1921Oct01T.png
October 1, 1921 		SE1925Jul20A.png
July 20, 1925 		SE1929May09T.png
May 9, 1929 		SE1933Feb24A.png
February 24, 1933
131133135137139
SE1936Dec13A.png
December 13, 1936 		SE1940Oct01T.png
October 1, 1940 		SE1944Jul20A.png
July 20, 1944 		SE1948May09A.png
May 9, 1948 		SE1952Feb25T.png
February 25, 1952
141143145147149
SE1955Dec14A.png
December 14, 1955 		SE1959Oct02T.png
October 2, 1959 		SE1963Jul20T.png
July 20, 1963 		SE1967May09P.png
May 9, 1967 		SE1971Feb25P.png
February 25, 1971
151153155
SE1974Dec13P.png
December 13, 1974 		SE1978Oct02P.png
October 2, 1978 		SE1982Jul20P.png
July 20, 1982

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1810Apr04A.gif
April 4, 1810
(Saros 126)		 SE1821Mar04T.gif
March 4, 1821
(Saros 127)		 SE1832Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1832
(Saros 128)		 SE1842Dec31A.gif
December 31, 1842
(Saros 129)		 SE1853Nov30T.png
November 30, 1853
(Saros 130)
SE1864Oct30A.gif
October 30, 1864
(Saros 131)		 SE1875Sep29A.gif
September 29, 1875
(Saros 132)		 SE1886Aug29T.png
August 29, 1886
(Saros 133)		 SE1897Jul29A.gif
July 29, 1897
(Saros 134)		 SE1908Jun28A.png
June 28, 1908
(Saros 135)
SE1919May29T.png
May 29, 1919
(Saros 136)		 SE1930Apr28H.png
April 28, 1930
(Saros 137)		 SE1941Mar27A.png
March 27, 1941
(Saros 138)		 SE1952Feb25T.png
February 25, 1952
(Saros 139)		 SE1963Jan25A.png
January 25, 1963
(Saros 140)
SE1973Dec24A.png
December 24, 1973
(Saros 141)		 SE1984Nov22T.png
November 22, 1984
(Saros 142)		 SE1995Oct24T.png
October 24, 1995
(Saros 143)		 SE2006Sep22A.png
September 22, 2006
(Saros 144)		 SE2017Aug21T.png
August 21, 2017
(Saros 145)
SE2028Jul22T.png
July 22, 2028
(Saros 146)		 SE2039Jun21A.png
June 21, 2039
(Saros 147)		 SE2050May20H.png
May 20, 2050
(Saros 148)		 SE2061Apr20T.png
April 20, 2061
(Saros 149)		 SE2072Mar19P.png
March 19, 2072
(Saros 150)
SE2083Feb16P.png
February 16, 2083
(Saros 151)		 SE2094Jan16T.png
January 16, 2094
(Saros 152)		 Saros153 14van70 SE2104Dec17A.jpg
December 17, 2104
(Saros 153)		 SE2115Nov16A.png
November 16, 2115
(Saros 154)		 SE2126Oct16T.png
October 16, 2126
(Saros 155)
Saros156 08van69 SE2137Sep15P.jpg
September 15, 2137
(Saros 156)		 Saros157 06van70 SE2148Aug14P.jpg
August 14, 2148
(Saros 157)		 Saros158 06van70 SE2159Jul15P.jpg
July 15, 2159
(Saros 158)		 Saros159 03van70 SE2170Jun14P.jpg
June 14, 2170
(Saros 159)		 Saros160 01van71 SE2181May13P.jpg
May 13, 2181
(Saros 160)
Saros161 02van72 SE2192Apr12P.jpg
April 12, 2192
(Saros 161)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1807Jun06H.gif
June 6, 1807
(Saros 134)		 SE1836May15A.gif
May 15, 1836
(Saros 135)		 SE1865Apr25T.png
April 25, 1865
(Saros 136)
SE1894Apr06H.gif
April 6, 1894
(Saros 137)		 SE1923Mar17A.png
March 17, 1923
(Saros 138)		 SE1952Feb25T.png
February 25, 1952
(Saros 139)
SE1981Feb04A.png
February 4, 1981
(Saros 140)		 SE2010Jan15A.png
January 15, 2010
(Saros 141)		 SE2038Dec26T.png
December 26, 2038
(Saros 142)
SE2067Dec06H.png
December 6, 2067
(Saros 143)		 SE2096Nov15A.png
November 15, 2096
(Saros 144)		 SE2125Oct26T.png
October 26, 2125
(Saros 145)
SE2154Oct07T.png
October 7, 2154
(Saros 146)		 Saros147 32van80 SE2183Sep16A.jpg
September 16, 2183
(Saros 147)

Notes

  1. ↑ "February 25, 1952 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  2. ↑ "Today's Total Eclipse May Yield New Facts On Sun's Chemistry And Age". The Vancouver News-Herald. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 1952-02-26. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-10-17– via Newspapers.com.
  3. ↑ "Eclipse Studied in Sudan to Test Einstein's Theory". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Virginia. 1952-02-26. p. 15. Retrieved 2023-10-17– via Newspapers.com.
  4. ↑ "'PERFECT' CONDITIONS FOR TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN". The Guardian. London, Greater London, England. 1952-02-26. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-10-17– via Newspapers.com.
  5. ↑ "Scientists View Total Sun Eclipse". The News. Frederick, Maryland. 1952-02-26. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-17– via Newspapers.com.
  6. ↑ "Top Scientists Get Rare Glimpse of Full Eclipse". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. St. Louis, Missouri. 1952-02-26. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-17– via Newspapers.com.
  7. ↑ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  8. ↑ M. K. Aly (April 1952). "Khartoum expeditions for total solar eclipse of February 25th, 1952". The Observatory. 72: 63–72. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017.
  9. ↑ Athay, R. G., Billings, D. E., Evans, J. W., & Roberts, W. O. "Emission in Hydrogen Balmer Lines and Continuum in Flash Spectrum of 1952 Total Solar Eclipse at Khartoum, Sudan". The Astrophysical Journal . 120: 94–111. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ "Bernard Lyot (1897--1952)". Université de Montréal. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  11. ↑ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1952 Feb 25". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  12. ↑ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  13. ↑ Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses, −3999 to +6000 (4000 BCE to 6000 CE) Fred Espenak.
  14. ↑ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 139". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, April 21, 2088, with a magnitude of 1.0474. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.

References

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