Solar eclipse of March 7, 1970

Last updated
Solar eclipse of March 7, 1970
C72pct (4321372614).jpg
Totality from Williamston, NC
SE1970Mar07T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma 0.4473
Magnitude 1.0414
Maximum eclipse
Duration208 s (3 min 28 s)
Coordinates 18°12′N94°42′W / 18.2°N 94.7°W / 18.2; -94.7
Max. width of band153 km (95 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse17:38:30
References
Saros 139 (27 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9442

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Saturday, March 7, 1970, [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] with a magnitude of 1.0414. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.3 days after perigee (on March 6, 1970, at 10:30 UTC), this eclipse occurred when the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [7]

Contents

The greatest eclipse occurred over Mexico at 11:38 am CST, with totality lasting 3 minutes and 27.65 seconds. Totality over the U.S. lasted up to 3 minutes and 10 seconds. [8] The media declared Perry as the first municipality in Florida to be in the eclipse direct path.

Inclement weather obstructed the viewing from that location and most of the eclipse path through the remainder of the southern states. There was not an eclipse with a greater duration of totality over the contiguous U.S. until April 8, 2024, a period of 54 years.

Totality was visible across southern Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and Nantucket, Massachusetts in the United States, northeast to the Maritimes of eastern Canada, and northern Miquelon-Langlade in the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. [9] A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Hawaii, North America, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America.

Scientific effects

This eclipse slowed a radio transmission of atomic time from North Carolina to Washington, D.C. [10]

Animation of eclipse path (3 minutes per frame) Solar1970.gif
Animation of eclipse path (3 minutes per frame)

Observations

An observation team from the Swiss Federal Observatory observed the total eclipse in Nejapa and Miahuatlán, Mexico. The weather conditions were good at both locations. Miahuatlán offered particularly good observation conditions with an altitude of 1,620 metres above sea level, high air quality and solar zenith angle of 63° at the time of the eclipse. The team took images of the corona and analyzed them with a polarizing filter. [11] Austrian-American physicist Erwin Saxl and American physicist Mildred Allen reported anomalous changes in the period of a torsion pendulum when observing a partial solar eclipse with a magnitude of 0.954 from Harvard, Massachusetts, called the "Saxl Effect". [12]

Totality as seen from Virginia Beach, VA March-7-1970-total-solar-eclipse-totality-James-Guilford.jpg
Totality as seen from Virginia Beach, VA

CBS showed the first color broadcast of a total eclipse. [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

This eclipse might be referenced in the second episode of the first season of The Mary Tyler Moore Show when a guest of Mary's accidentally exposes a roll of film that Howard Arnell, an ex-boyfriend of Mary's, says, "It's just the pictures I took of the total eclipse of the sun."

The eclipse may be referenced in the hit popular song “You're So Vain” by Carly Simon, although in context, the lyrics more closely align with a different eclipse two years later.[ citation needed ]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [21]

March 7, 1970 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1970 March 07 at 15:04:56.2 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1970 March 07 at 16:04:26.6 UTC
First Central Line1970 March 07 at 16:05:14.2 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1970 March 07 at 16:06:01.9 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact1970 March 07 at 17:27:53.7 UTC
Greatest Duration1970 March 07 at 17:35:20.9 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1970 March 07 at 17:38:29.7 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1970 March 07 at 17:43:07.4 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact1970 March 07 at 17:48:30.7 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1970 March 07 at 18:03:52.1 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1970 March 07 at 19:10:43.5 UTC
Last Central Line1970 March 07 at 19:11:29.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1970 March 07 at 19:12:16.1 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1970 March 07 at 20:11:56.2 UTC
March 7, 1970 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.04145
Eclipse Obscuration1.08461
Gamma0.44728
Sun Right Ascension23h11m11.6s
Sun Declination-05°14'13.6"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'06.8"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension23h10m19.7s
Moon Declination-04°50'27.0"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'31.8"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax1°00'39.8"
ΔT40.4 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of February–March 1970
February 21
Descending node (full moon)
March 7
Ascending node (new moon)
Lunar eclipse chart close-1970Feb21.png SE1970Mar07T.png
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 113
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 139

Eclipses in 1970

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 139

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1968–1971

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [22]

The partial solar eclipse on July 22, 1971 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1968 to 1971
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
119 March 28, 2968
SE1968Mar28P.png
Partial
−1.037124 September 22, 1968
SE1968Sep22T.png
Total
0.9451
129 March 18, 1969
SE1969Mar18A.png
Annular
−0.2704134 September 11, 1969
SE1969Sep11A.png
Annular
0.2201
139
C72pct (4321372614).jpg
Totality in Williamston, NC
USA
March 7, 1970
SE1970Mar07T.png
Total
0.4473144 August 31, 1970
SE1970Aug31A.png
Annular
−0.5364
149 February 25, 1971
SE1971Feb25P.png
Partial
1.1188154 August 20, 1971
SE1971Aug20P.png
Partial
−1.2659

Saros 139

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds on July 16, 2186. This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000. [23] All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit. [24]

Series members 18–39 occur between 1801 and 2200:
181920
SE1807Nov29H.png
November 29, 1807
SE1825Dec09H.png
December 9, 1825
SE1843Dec21T.png
December 21, 1843
212223
SE1861Dec31T.png
December 31, 1861
SE1880Jan11T.png
January 11, 1880
SE1898Jan22T.png
January 22, 1898
242526
SE1916Feb03T.png
February 3, 1916
SE1934Feb14T.png
February 14, 1934
SE1952Feb25T.png
February 25, 1952
272829
SE1970Mar07T.png
March 7, 1970
SE1988Mar18T.png
March 18, 1988
SE2006Mar29T.png
March 29, 2006
303132
SE2024Apr08T.png
April 8, 2024
SE2042Apr20T.png
April 20, 2042
SE2060Apr30T.png
April 30, 2060
333435
SE2078May11T.png
May 11, 2078
SE2096May22T.png
May 22, 2096
SE2114Jun03T.png
June 3, 2114
363738
SE2132Jun13T.png
June 13, 2132
SE2150Jun25T.png
June 25, 2150
SE2168Jul05T.png
July 5, 2168
39
SE2186Jul16T.png
July 16, 2186

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 24, 1916 and July 31, 2000
December 24–25October 12July 31–August 1May 19–20March 7
111113115117119
SE1916Dec24P.png
December 24, 1916
SE1924Jul31P.png
July 31, 1924
SE1928May19T.png
May 19, 1928
SE1932Mar07A.png
March 7, 1932
121123125127129
SE1935Dec25A.png
December 25, 1935
SE1939Oct12T.png
October 12, 1939
SE1943Aug01A.png
August 1, 1943
SE1947May20T.png
May 20, 1947
SE1951Mar07A.png
March 7, 1951
131133135137139
SE1954Dec25A.png
December 25, 1954
SE1958Oct12T.png
October 12, 1958
SE1962Jul31A.png
July 31, 1962
SE1966May20A.png
May 20, 1966
SE1970Mar07T.png
March 7, 1970
141143145147149
SE1973Dec24A.png
December 24, 1973
SE1977Oct12T.png
October 12, 1977
SE1981Jul31T.png
July 31, 1981
SE1985May19P.png
May 19, 1985
SE1989Mar07P.png
March 7, 1989
151153155
SE1992Dec24P.png
December 24, 1992
SE1996Oct12P.png
October 12, 1996
SE2000Jul31P.png
July 31, 2000

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1806Jun16T.png
June 16, 1806
(Saros 124)
SE1817May16A.gif
May 16, 1817
(Saros 125)
Saros126 37van72 SE1828Apr14H.jpg
April 14, 1828
(Saros 126)
SE1839Mar15T.gif
March 15, 1839
(Saros 127)
SE1850Feb12A.gif
February 12, 1850
(Saros 128)
SE1861Jan11A.gif
January 11, 1861
(Saros 129)
SE1871Dec12T.png
December 12, 1871
(Saros 130)
SE1882Nov10A.gif
November 10, 1882
(Saros 131)
SE1893Oct09A.gif
October 9, 1893
(Saros 132)
SE1904Sep09T.png
September 9, 1904
(Saros 133)
SE1915Aug10A.png
August 10, 1915
(Saros 134)
SE1926Jul09A.png
July 9, 1926
(Saros 135)
SE1937Jun08T.png
June 8, 1937
(Saros 136)
SE1948May09A.png
May 9, 1948
(Saros 137)
SE1959Apr08A.png
April 8, 1959
(Saros 138)
SE1970Mar07T.png
March 7, 1970
(Saros 139)
SE1981Feb04A.png
February 4, 1981
(Saros 140)
SE1992Jan04A.png
January 4, 1992
(Saros 141)
SE2002Dec04T.png
December 4, 2002
(Saros 142)
SE2013Nov03H.png
November 3, 2013
(Saros 143)
SE2024Oct02A.png
October 2, 2024
(Saros 144)
SE2035Sep02T.png
September 2, 2035
(Saros 145)
SE2046Aug02T.png
August 2, 2046
(Saros 146)
SE2057Jul01A.png
July 1, 2057
(Saros 147)
SE2068May31T.png
May 31, 2068
(Saros 148)
SE2079May01T.png
May 1, 2079
(Saros 149)
SE2090Mar31P.png
March 31, 2090
(Saros 150)
SE2101Feb28A.png
February 28, 2101
(Saros 151)
Saros152 18van70 SE2112Jan29T.jpg
January 29, 2112
(Saros 152)
Saros153 15van70 SE2122Dec28A.jpg
December 28, 2122
(Saros 153)
Saros154 13van71 SE2133Nov26A.jpg
November 26, 2133
(Saros 154)
Saros155 13van71 SE2144Oct26T.jpg
October 26, 2144
(Saros 155)
Saros156 09van69 SE2155Sep26A.jpg
September 26, 2155
(Saros 156)
SE2166Aug25A.png
August 25, 2166
(Saros 157)
Saros158 07van70 SE2177Jul25P.jpg
July 25, 2177
(Saros 158)
Saros159 04van70 SE2188Jun24P.jpg
June 24, 2188
(Saros 159)
Saros160 02van71 SE2199May24P.jpg
May 24, 2199
(Saros 160)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1825Jun16H.png
June 16, 1825
(Saros 134)
SE1854May26A.png
May 26, 1854
(Saros 135)
SE1883May06T.png
May 6, 1883
(Saros 136)
SE1912Apr17H.png
April 17, 1912
(Saros 137)
SE1941Mar27A.png
March 27, 1941
(Saros 138)
SE1970Mar07T.png
March 7, 1970
(Saros 139)
SE1999Feb16A.png
February 16, 1999
(Saros 140)
SE2028Jan26A.png
January 26, 2028
(Saros 141)
SE2057Jan05T.png
January 5, 2057
(Saros 142)
SE2085Dec16A.png
December 16, 2085
(Saros 143)
SE2114Nov27A.png
November 27, 2114
(Saros 144)
SE2143Nov07T.png
November 7, 2143
(Saros 145)
SE2172Oct17H.png
October 17, 2172
(Saros 146)

Notes

  1. "March 7, 1970 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  2. "Spell cast by eclipse". Spokane Daily Chronicle. (Washington). UPI. March 7, 1970. p. 1.
  3. "Sun, Moon, Earth fall into step". Free Lance-Star. (Fredericksburg, Virginia). Associated Press. March 7, 1970. p. 1.
  4. "Scientists get great view of solar eclipse in Mexico". Toledo Blade. (Ohio). Associated Press. March 8, 1970. p. 1.
  5. "Great shadow crosses Earth as millions watch in awe". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. (Florida). Associated Press. March 8, 1970. p. 1.
  6. Quigg, H.D. (March 8, 1970). "Seaboard 'oohs' as Ol' Sol blinks". Reading Eagle. (Pennsylvania). UPI. p. 1.
  7. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  8. Espenak, Fred. "Total Solar Eclipse of 1970 Mar 07". NASA Eclipse Website. Goddard Space Flight Center . Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  9. Blakeslee, Alton (March 7, 1970). "Total solar eclipse visible in East today". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 1.
  10. Sadeh, D. (1971), Phase variation of a very accurate radio frequency signal due to the solar eclipse, J. Geophys. Res., 76(34), 8427–8429, doi:10.1029/JA076i034p08427
  11. Duerst, J. (1976). "Observations of coronal polarization at the solar eclipse of 7 March, 1970". Solar Physics. 50: 457–464. Archived from the original on 23 August 2019.
  12. Saxl, Erwin J.; Allen, Mildred (1971). "1970 solar eclipse as 'seen' by a torsion pendulum". Physical Review . 3 (4): 823–825. Bibcode:1971PhRvD...3..823S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.3.823.
  13. Mike Kentrianakis (10 March 2010). "Solar Eclipse 1970 March 7 CBS News 1 of 6" . Retrieved 20 May 2017 via YouTube.[ dead YouTube link ]
  14. Mike Kentrianakis (10 March 2010). "Solar Eclipse 1970 March 7 CBS News 2 of 6" . Retrieved 20 May 2017 via YouTube.[ dead YouTube link ]
  15. Mike Kentrianakis (10 March 2010). "Solar Eclipse 1970 March 7 CBS News 3 of 6" . Retrieved 20 May 2017 via YouTube.[ dead YouTube link ]
  16. Mike Kentrianakis (10 March 2010). "Solar Eclipse 1970 March 7 CBS News 4 of 6" . Retrieved 20 May 2017 via YouTube.[ dead YouTube link ]
  17. Mike Kentrianakis (10 March 2010). "Solar Eclipse 1970 March 7 CBS News 5 of 6" . Retrieved 20 May 2017 via YouTube.[ dead YouTube link ]
  18. Mike Kentrianakis (10 March 2010). "Solar Eclipse 1970 March 7 CBS News 6 of 6" . Retrieved 20 May 2017 via YouTube.[ dead YouTube link ]
  19. "60 Years Ago: The World's 1st Televised Solar Eclipse". space.com. 8 March 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  20. "NASA Remembers 1970 Solar 'Eclipse of the Century'". space.com. 12 March 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  21. "Total Solar Eclipse of 1970 Mar 07". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  22. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  23. Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses, −3999 to +6000 (4000 BCE to 6000 CE) Fred Espenak.
  24. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 139". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, September 12, 2072, with a magnitude of 1.0558. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of January 6, 2076</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, January 6, 2076, with a magnitude of 1.0342. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of January 16, 2094</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Saturday, January 16, 2094, with a magnitude of 1.0342. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of April 21, 2088</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, April 21, 2088, with a magnitude of 1.0474. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of January 25, 1944</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, January 25, 1944, with a magnitude of 1.0428. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 20 hours before perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

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