Solar eclipse of September 7, 1820

Last updated
Solar eclipse of September 7, 1820
SE1820Sep07A.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma 0.8251
Magnitude 0.9329
Maximum eclipse
Duration349 s (5 min 49 s)
Coordinates 51°36′N8°42′E / 51.6°N 8.7°E / 51.6; 8.7
Max. width of band432 km (268 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse13:59:58
References
Saros 122 (47 of 70)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9091

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Thursday, September 7, 1820, with a magnitude of 0.9329. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 5 hours before apogee (on September 7, 1820, at 18:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. [1]

Contents

The path of annularity was visible from parts of modern-day northern Canada, Greenland, western Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Austria, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, northeastern Libya, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of northern North America, Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.

Observation and prediction

Solar eclipse 1820Sep07 Hallaschka map.png

This map was drawn in the book Elementa eclipsium, published in Prague in 1816, by Franz Ignaz Cassian Hallaschka (František Ignác Kassián Halaška) (1780-1847), contained maps of the paths of solar eclipses from 1816 and 1860. The geometric constructions used by Hallaschka anticipated the standard theory of eclipses later developed by Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel. [2]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [3]

September 7, 1820 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1820 September 07 at 11:21:45.1 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1820 September 07 at 12:48:53.2 UTC
First Central Line1820 September 07 at 12:53:29.4 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1820 September 07 at 12:58:19.3 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1820 September 07 at 13:06:52.6 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1820 September 07 at 13:50:09.9 UTC
Greatest Duration1820 September 07 at 13:57:39.4 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1820 September 07 at 13:59:57.6 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1820 September 07 at 15:02:09.4 UTC
Last Central Line1820 September 07 at 15:06:58.7 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1820 September 07 at 15:11:34.3 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1820 September 07 at 16:38:31.5 UTC
September 7, 1820 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude0.93295
Eclipse Obscuration0.87040
Gamma0.82506
Sun Right Ascension11h04m02.1s
Sun Declination+05°59'29.3"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'53.0"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.7"
Moon Right Ascension11h05m27.2s
Moon Declination+06°38'30.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter14'41.9"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°53'56.6"
ΔT11.4 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of September 1820
September 7
Descending node (new moon)
September 22
Ascending node (full moon)
SE1820Sep07A.png
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 122
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 134

Eclipses in 1820

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 122

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1819–1823

This eclipse is a member of a semester series . An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [4]

The partial solar eclipses on April 24, 1819 and October 19, 1819 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipses on January 12, 1823 and July 8, 1823 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1819 to 1823
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
107March 25, 1819
SE1819Mar25P.gif
Partial
−1.4722112September 19, 1819
SE1819Sep19Pe.gif
Partial
1.5258
117March 14, 1820
SE1820Mar14T.gif
Total
−0.7199122 September 7, 1820
SE1820Sep07A.png
Annular
0.8251
127March 4, 1821
SE1821Mar04T.gif
Total
−0.0284132August 27, 1821
SE1821Aug27A.gif
Annular
0.0671
137February 21, 1822
SE1822Feb21A.gif
Annular
0.6914142August 16, 1822
SE1822Aug16T.gif
Total
−0.6904
147February 11, 1823
SE1823Feb11P.gif
Partial
−1.5413152August 6, 1823
SE1823Aug06P.gif
Partial
1.4546

Saros 122

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 122, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 70 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 17, 991 AD. It contains total eclipses from July 12, 1135 through August 3, 1171; hybrid eclipses on August 13, 1189 and August 25, 1207; and annular eclipses from September 4, 1225 through October 10, 1874. The series ends at member 70 as a partial eclipse on May 17, 2235. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 9 at 1 minutes, 25 seconds on July 12, 1135, and the longest duration of annularity was produced by member 50 at 6 minutes, 28 seconds on October 10, 1874. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [5]

Series members 46–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
464748
SE1802Aug28A.png
August 28, 1802
SE1820Sep07A.gif
September 7, 1820
SE1838Sep18A.gif
September 18, 1838
495051
SE1856Sep29A.gif
September 29, 1856
SE1874Oct10An.gif
October 10, 1874
SE1892Oct20P.gif
October 20, 1892
525354
SE1910Nov02P.png
November 2, 1910
SE1928Nov12P.png
November 12, 1928
SE1946Nov23P.png
November 23, 1946
555657
SE1964Dec04P.png
December 4, 1964
SE1982Dec15P.png
December 15, 1982
SE2000Dec25P.png
December 25, 2000
585960
SE2019Jan06P.png
January 6, 2019
SE2037Jan16P.png
January 16, 2037
SE2055Jan27P.png
January 27, 2055
616263
SE2073Feb07P.png
February 7, 2073
SE2091Feb18P.png
February 18, 2091
Saros122 63van70 SE2109Mar01P.jpg
March 1, 2109
646566
Saros122 64van70 SE2127Mar13P.jpg
March 13, 2127
Saros122 65van70 SE2145Mar23P.jpg
March 23, 2145
Saros122 66van70 SE2163Apr03P.jpg
April 3, 2163
6768
Saros122 67van70 SE2181Apr14P.jpg
April 14, 2181
Saros122 68van70 SE2199Apr25P.jpg
April 25, 2199

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between September 8, 1801 and September 7, 1877
September 7–8June 26–27April 14–15January 31–February 1November 19–20
112114116118120
SE1801Sep08P.png
September 8, 1801
SE1805Jun26P.gif
June 26, 1805
SE1809Apr14A.gif
April 14, 1809
SE1813Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1813
SE1816Nov19T.png
November 19, 1816
122124126128130
SE1820Sep07A.png
September 7, 1820
SE1824Jun26T.png
June 26, 1824
Saros126 37van72 SE1828Apr14H.jpg
April 14, 1828
SE1832Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1832
SE1835Nov20T.gif
November 20, 1835
132134136138140
SE1839Sep07A.png
September 7, 1839
SE1843Jun27H.gif
June 27, 1843
SE1847Apr15T.gif
April 15, 1847
SE1851Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1851
SE1854Nov20H.png
November 20, 1854
142144146148150
SE1858Sep07T.png
September 7, 1858
SE1862Jun27P.gif
June 27, 1862
SE1866Apr15P.gif
April 15, 1866
SE1870Jan31P.gif
January 31, 1870
SE1873Nov20P.png
November 20, 1873
152
SE1877Sep07P.gif
September 7, 1877

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1809Oct09T.gif
October 9, 1809
(Saros 121)
SE1820Sep07A.png
September 7, 1820
(Saros 122)
SE1831Aug07T.gif
August 7, 1831
(Saros 123)
SE1842Jul08T.png
July 8, 1842
(Saros 124)
SE1853Jun06A.gif
June 6, 1853
(Saros 125)
SE1864May06H.gif
May 6, 1864
(Saros 126)
SE1875Apr06T.png
April 6, 1875
(Saros 127)
SE1886Mar05A.gif
March 5, 1886
(Saros 128)
SE1897Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1897
(Saros 129)
SE1908Jan03T.png
January 3, 1908
(Saros 130)
SE1918Dec03A.png
December 3, 1918
(Saros 131)
SE1929Nov01A.png
November 1, 1929
(Saros 132)
SE1940Oct01T.png
October 1, 1940
(Saros 133)
SE1951Sep01A.png
September 1, 1951
(Saros 134)
SE1962Jul31A.png
July 31, 1962
(Saros 135)
SE1973Jun30T.png
June 30, 1973
(Saros 136)
SE1984May30A.png
May 30, 1984
(Saros 137)
SE1995Apr29A.png
April 29, 1995
(Saros 138)
SE2006Mar29T.png
March 29, 2006
(Saros 139)
SE2017Feb26A.png
February 26, 2017
(Saros 140)
SE2028Jan26A.png
January 26, 2028
(Saros 141)
SE2038Dec26T.png
December 26, 2038
(Saros 142)
SE2049Nov25H.png
November 25, 2049
(Saros 143)
SE2060Oct24A.png
October 24, 2060
(Saros 144)
SE2071Sep23T.png
September 23, 2071
(Saros 145)
SE2082Aug24T.png
August 24, 2082
(Saros 146)
SE2093Jul23A.png
July 23, 2093
(Saros 147)
SE2104Jun22T.png
June 22, 2104
(Saros 148)
SE2115May24T.png
May 24, 2115
(Saros 149)
Saros150 23van71 SE2126Apr22A.jpg
April 22, 2126
(Saros 150)
Saros151 21van72 SE2137Mar21A.jpg
March 21, 2137
(Saros 151)
Saros152 20van70 SE2148Feb19T.jpg
February 19, 2148
(Saros 152)
Saros153 17van70 SE2159Jan19A.jpg
January 19, 2159
(Saros 153)
Saros154 15van71 SE2169Dec18A.jpg
December 18, 2169
(Saros 154)
Saros155 15van71 SE2180Nov17T.jpg
November 17, 2180
(Saros 155)
Saros156 11van69 SE2191Oct18A.jpg
October 18, 2191
(Saros 156)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1820Sep07A.png
September 7, 1820
(Saros 122)
SE1849Aug18T.gif
August 18, 1849
(Saros 123)
SE1878Jul29T.png
July 29, 1878
(Saros 124)
SE1907Jul10A.png
July 10, 1907
(Saros 125)
SE1936Jun19T.png
June 19, 1936
(Saros 126)
SE1965May30T.png
May 30, 1965
(Saros 127)
SE1994May10A.png
May 10, 1994
(Saros 128)
SE2023Apr20H.png
April 20, 2023
(Saros 129)
SE2052Mar30T.png
March 30, 2052
(Saros 130)
SE2081Mar10A.png
March 10, 2081
(Saros 131)
SE2110Feb18A.png
February 18, 2110
(Saros 132)
SE2139Jan30T.png
January 30, 2139
(Saros 133)
SE2168Jan10A.png
January 10, 2168
(Saros 134)
SE2196Dec19A.png
December 19, 2196
(Saros 135)

Notes

  1. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  2. Historical eclipses in Europe
  3. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1820 Sep 07". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  4. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 122". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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References