Solar eclipse of June 30, 1973

Last updated
Solar eclipse of June 30, 1973
SE1973Jun30T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma −0.0785
Magnitude 1.0792
Maximum eclipse
Duration424 s (7 min 4 s)
Coordinates 18°48′N5°36′E / 18.8°N 5.6°E / 18.8; 5.6
Max. width of band256 km (159 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse11:38:41
References
Saros 136 (35 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9450

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Saturday, June 30, 1973, [1] [2] with a magnitude of 1.0792. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 11 hours after perigee (on June 30, 1973, at 0:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger. [3]

Contents

With a maximum eclipse of 7 minutes and 3.55 seconds, this was the last total solar eclipse that exceeds 7 minutes in this series. There will not be a longer total solar eclipse until June 25, 2150.

The greatest eclipse occurred in the Agadez area in the northwest of Niger not far from Algeria inside the Sahara Desert somewhat 40 km east of the small mountain of Ebenenanoua at 18.8 N and 5.6 E and occurred at 11:38 UTC.

The umbral portion of the path started near the border of Guyana and the Brazilian state Roraima, passed northern Dutch Guiana (today's Suriname), headed into the Atlantic, included one of the Portuguese Cape Verde (today's Cape Verde) Islands, which was Santo Antão, Nouadhibou and Nouakchott and other parts of Central Mauritania, northern Mali, the southernmost of Algeria, the middle and southeastern Niger, the middle of Chad, the Sudan including Darfur and parts that are now in the South Sudan including Kodok, a part of the northernmost Uganda, a part of northern Kenya, the southernmost of Somalia, and the Alphonse Group of British Seychelles (today's Seychelles). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern South America, Africa, Southern Europe, and the Middle East.

Observations

This eclipse was observed by a group of scientists, which included Donald Liebenberg, from the Los Alamos National Laboratory. They used two airplanes to extend the apparent time of totality by flying along the eclipse path in the same direction as the Moon's shadow as it passed over Africa. One of the planes was a prototype (c/n 001) of what was later to become the Concorde, which has a top speed of almost 1,300 miles per hour (2,100 km/h) (Mach 2). This enabled scientists from Los Alamos, the Paris Observatory, the Kitt Peak National Observatory, Queen Mary University of London, the University of Aberdeen and CNRS to extend totality to more than 74 minutes; nearly 10 times longer than is possible when viewing a total solar eclipse from a stationary location. [4] The Concorde was specially modified with rooftop portholes for the mission, and is currently on display with the Solar Eclipse mission livery at Musée de l’air et de l’espace. [5] The data gathered resulted in three papers published in Nature [6] and a book. [7]

The eclipse was also observed by a charter flight from Mount San Antonio College in Southern California. The DC-8 with 150 passengers intercepted the eclipse at 35,000 feet (11,000 m) just off the east coast of Africa and tracked the eclipse for three minutes. The passengers rotated seats every 20 seconds so that each passenger had three 20 second opportunities at the window to observe and take pictures. A separate observation opportunity was provided on a specialized commercial cruise by the S.S. Canberra, which traveled from New York City to the Canary Islands and Dakar, Senegal, observing 5 minutes and 44 seconds of totality out in the Atlantic between those two stops in Africa. [8] [9] That cruise's passengers included notables in the scientific community such as Neil Armstrong, Scott Carpenter, Isaac Asimov, Walter Sullivan, and the then 15-years old Neil deGrasse Tyson. [10] [11]

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse. [12]

June 30, 1973 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1973 June 30 at 09:01:25.6 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1973 June 30 at 09:54:30.6 UTC
First Central Line1973 June 30 at 09:56:07.0 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1973 June 30 at 09:57:43.4 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact1973 June 30 at 10:51:03.8 UTC
Greatest Duration1973 June 30 at 11:34:54.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1973 June 30 at 11:38:40.6 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1973 June 30 at 11:39:28.6 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1973 June 30 at 11:40:00.2 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact1973 June 30 at 12:26:15.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1973 June 30 at 13:19:37.6 UTC
Last Central Line1973 June 30 at 13:21:13.4 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1973 June 30 at 13:22:49.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1973 June 30 at 14:15:56.2 UTC
June 30, 1973 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.07921
Eclipse Obscuration1.16470
Gamma−0.07853
Sun Right Ascension06h37m08.4s
Sun Declination+23°10'06.4"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'43.8"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.6"
Moon Right Ascension06h37m05.0s
Moon Declination+23°05'22.3"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'41.4"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax1°01'15.1"
ΔT43.9 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.

Eclipse season of June–July 1973
June 15
Ascending node (full moon)
June 30
Descending node (new moon)
July 15
Ascending node (full moon)
Lunar eclipse chart close-1973Jun15.png SE1973Jun30T.png Lunar eclipse chart close-1973Jul15.png
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 110
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 136
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 148

Eclipses in 1973

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 136

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1971–1974

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [13]

The partial solar eclipses on February 25, 1971 and August 20, 1971 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1971 to 1974
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
116 July 22, 1971
SE1971Jul22P.png
Partial
1.513121 January 16, 1972
SE1972Jan16A.png
Annular
−0.9365
126 July 10, 1972
SE1972Jul10T.png
Total
0.6872131 January 4, 1973
SE1973Jan04A.png
Annular
−0.2644
136 June 30, 1973
SE1973Jun30T.png
Total
−0.0785141 December 24, 1973
SE1973Dec24A.png
Annular
0.4171
146 June 20, 1974
SE1974Jun20T.png
Total
−0.8239151 December 13, 1974
SE1974Dec13P.png
Partial
1.0797

Saros 136

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 136, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 14, 1360. It contains annular eclipses from September 8, 1504 through November 12, 1594; hybrid eclipses from November 22, 1612 through January 17, 1703; and total eclipses from January 27, 1721 through May 13, 2496. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 30, 2622. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 9 at 32 seconds on September 8, 1504, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 34 at 7 minutes, 7.74 seconds on June 20, 1955. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [14]

Series members 26–47 occur between 1801 and 2200:
262728
SE1811Mar24T.png
March 24, 1811
SE1829Apr03T.png
April 3, 1829
SE1847Apr15T.png
April 15, 1847
293031
SE1865Apr25T.gif
April 25, 1865
SE1883May06T.png
May 6, 1883
SE1901May18T.png
May 18, 1901
323334
SE1919May29T.png
May 29, 1919
SE1937Jun08T.png
June 8, 1937
SE1955Jun20T.png
June 20, 1955
353637
SE1973Jun30T.png
June 30, 1973
SE1991Jul11T.png
July 11, 1991
SE2009Jul22T.png
July 22, 2009
383940
SE2027Aug02T.png
August 2, 2027
SE2045Aug12T.png
August 12, 2045
SE2063Aug24T.png
August 24, 2063
414243
SE2081Sep03T.png
September 3, 2081
SE2099Sep14T.png
September 14, 2099
SE2117Sep26T.png
September 26, 2117
444546
SE2135Oct07T.png
October 7, 2135
SE2153Oct17T.png
October 17, 2153
SE2171Oct29T.png
October 29, 2171
47
SE2189Nov08T.png
November 8, 2189

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between September 12, 1931 and July 1, 2011
September 11–12June 30–July 1April 17–19February 4–5November 22–23
114116118120122
SE1931Sep12P.png
September 12, 1931
SE1935Jun30P.png
June 30, 1935
SE1939Apr19A.png
April 19, 1939
SE1943Feb04T.png
February 4, 1943
SE1946Nov23P.png
November 23, 1946
124126128130132
SE1950Sep12T.png
September 12, 1950
SE1954Jun30T.png
June 30, 1954
SE1958Apr19A.png
April 19, 1958
SE1962Feb05T.png
February 5, 1962
SE1965Nov23A.png
November 23, 1965
134136138140142
SE1969Sep11A.png
September 11, 1969
SE1973Jun30T.png
June 30, 1973
SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977
SE1981Feb04A.png
February 4, 1981
SE1984Nov22T.png
November 22, 1984
144146148150152
SE1988Sep11A.png
September 11, 1988
SE1992Jun30T.png
June 30, 1992
SE1996Apr17P.png
April 17, 1996
SE2000Feb05P.png
February 5, 2000
SE2003Nov23T.png
November 23, 2003
154156
SE2007Sep11P.png
September 11, 2007
SE2011Jul01P.png
July 1, 2011

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1809Oct09T.gif
October 9, 1809
(Saros 121)
SE1820Sep07A.png
September 7, 1820
(Saros 122)
SE1831Aug07T.gif
August 7, 1831
(Saros 123)
SE1842Jul08T.png
July 8, 1842
(Saros 124)
SE1853Jun06A.gif
June 6, 1853
(Saros 125)
SE1864May06H.gif
May 6, 1864
(Saros 126)
SE1875Apr06T.png
April 6, 1875
(Saros 127)
SE1886Mar05A.gif
March 5, 1886
(Saros 128)
SE1897Feb01A.gif
February 1, 1897
(Saros 129)
SE1908Jan03T.png
January 3, 1908
(Saros 130)
SE1918Dec03A.png
December 3, 1918
(Saros 131)
SE1929Nov01A.png
November 1, 1929
(Saros 132)
SE1940Oct01T.png
October 1, 1940
(Saros 133)
SE1951Sep01A.png
September 1, 1951
(Saros 134)
SE1962Jul31A.png
July 31, 1962
(Saros 135)
SE1973Jun30T.png
June 30, 1973
(Saros 136)
SE1984May30A.png
May 30, 1984
(Saros 137)
SE1995Apr29A.png
April 29, 1995
(Saros 138)
SE2006Mar29T.png
March 29, 2006
(Saros 139)
SE2017Feb26A.png
February 26, 2017
(Saros 140)
SE2028Jan26A.png
January 26, 2028
(Saros 141)
SE2038Dec26T.png
December 26, 2038
(Saros 142)
SE2049Nov25H.png
November 25, 2049
(Saros 143)
SE2060Oct24A.png
October 24, 2060
(Saros 144)
SE2071Sep23T.png
September 23, 2071
(Saros 145)
SE2082Aug24T.png
August 24, 2082
(Saros 146)
SE2093Jul23A.png
July 23, 2093
(Saros 147)
SE2104Jun22T.png
June 22, 2104
(Saros 148)
SE2115May24T.png
May 24, 2115
(Saros 149)
Saros150 23van71 SE2126Apr22A.jpg
April 22, 2126
(Saros 150)
Saros151 21van72 SE2137Mar21A.jpg
March 21, 2137
(Saros 151)
Saros152 20van70 SE2148Feb19T.jpg
February 19, 2148
(Saros 152)
Saros153 17van70 SE2159Jan19A.jpg
January 19, 2159
(Saros 153)
Saros154 15van71 SE2169Dec18A.jpg
December 18, 2169
(Saros 154)
Saros155 15van71 SE2180Nov17T.jpg
November 17, 2180
(Saros 155)
Saros156 11van69 SE2191Oct18A.jpg
October 18, 2191
(Saros 156)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1828Oct09A.gif
October 9, 1828
(Saros 131)
SE1857Sep18A.gif
September 18, 1857
(Saros 132)
SE1886Aug29T.png
August 29, 1886
(Saros 133)
SE1915Aug10A.png
August 10, 1915
(Saros 134)
SE1944Jul20A.png
July 20, 1944
(Saros 135)
SE1973Jun30T.png
June 30, 1973
(Saros 136)
SE2002Jun10A.png
June 10, 2002
(Saros 137)
SE2031May21A.png
May 21, 2031
(Saros 138)
SE2060Apr30T.png
April 30, 2060
(Saros 139)
SE2089Apr10A.png
April 10, 2089
(Saros 140)
SE2118Mar22A.png
March 22, 2118
(Saros 141)
SE2147Mar02T.png
March 2, 2147
(Saros 142)
SE2176Feb10A.png
February 10, 2176
(Saros 143)

Notes

  1. "June 30, 1973 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  2. Hatherill, Chris (March 9, 2016). "When Astronomers Chased a Total Eclipse in a Concorde".
  3. "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  4. Mulkin, Barb (1981). "In Flight: The Story of Los Alamos Eclipse Missions" (PDF). Los Alamos National Laboratory. p. 42. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  5. Chris Hatherill (9 March 2016). "When Astronomers Chased a Total Eclipse in a Concorde". Motherboard. Vice.
  6. Hatherill, Chris (9 March 2016). "When Astronomers Chased a Total Eclipse in a Concorde". Vice . Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  7. Léna, Pierre (2015). Racing the Moon's Shadow with Concorde 001. Springer. ISBN   978-3-319-21729-1 . Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  8. Stewart Leber, Bay (July 12, 1973). "Voyage to Darkness". Honolulu Star-Ledger. Honolulu. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  9. Sullivan, Walter (July 1, 1973). "Rare Eclipse Sweeps Across Width of Africa". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  10. Asimov, Isaac (April 1, 1980). In Joy Still Felt . Doubleday. ISBN   9780385155441.
  11. DeGrasse Tyson, Neil (May 1, 2004). The Sky is Not the Limit. Prometheus Books. ISBN   9781616141202.
  12. "Total Solar Eclipse of 1973 Jun 30". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  13. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  14. "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 136". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Saturday, January 27, 2074, with a magnitude of 0.9798. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 5.2 days after apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter will be smaller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of June 22, 2085</span> Future annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, June 22, 2085, with a magnitude of 0.9704. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.6 days before apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter will be smaller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of July 20, 1944</span> 20th-century annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, July 20, 1944, with a magnitude of 0.97. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.6 days before apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of July 9, 1926</span> 20th-century annular solar eclipse

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Friday, July 9 and Saturday, July 10, 1926, with a magnitude of 0.968. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.3 days before apogee, the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solar eclipse of August 29, 1886</span> Total eclipse

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, August 29, 1886, with a magnitude of 1.0735. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 4 hours after perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

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