Solar eclipse of June 30, 1992

Last updated

Solar eclipse of June 30, 1992
SE1992Jun30T.png
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma −0.7512
Magnitude 1.0592
Maximum eclipse
Duration321 s (5 min 21 s)
Coordinates 25°12′S9°30′W / 25.2°S 9.5°W / -25.2; -9.5
Max. width of band294 km (183 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse12:11:22
References
Saros 146 (26 of 76)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9491

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, June 30, 1992, with a magnitude of 1.0592. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible in southeastern Uruguay and southern tip of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Contents

Observations

The path of totality was mostly on the sea and covered very little land. From the only land covered by it in southeasern Uruguay and southern tip of Brazil, totality occurred shortly after sunrise, with the solar zenith angle less than 3°. Observation from an airplane over the middle of South Atlantic Ocean, near the location of maximum eclipse, could offer a duration of totality of up to 10 minutes with the guarantee of clear weather. However, due to the limitations in the cruising capabilities and the economic cost, a feasible flight plan was to see 5 to 6 minutes of totality on the airplane. 48 people from the United States, Canada, Brazil, Germany, Japan and Great Britain boarded a VASP airline DC-10 plane, departing from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, flying over the South Atlantic Ocean and returning to Rio de Janeiro. The passengers got off and the captain flew the airplane back to Sao Paulo. Although adjustment in the flying speed had to be made according to the take-off time and wind speed, the pilot flew the airplane into Moon's umbra within 1 second of the predicted time, and the passengers on board successfully saw the total eclipse. Accidentally, one of the ground support personnel did not exit the airplane before takeoff, and she also saw the eclipse. The pilots were also attracted by the eclipse, still watching the moon shadow moving into the distance and forgetting to fly the airplane back return even minutes after the third contact (the end of the total phase). The captain described this as the most unusual flight he ever commanded. VASP airline also provided a Boeing 737 plane to the Rio de Janeiro Planetarium  [ pt ]. Planetarium staff, of their astronomy club, local dignitaries, politicians and celebrities were also invited. [1]

Images

SE1992Jun30T.gif

Eclipses in 1992

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 146

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1990–1992

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. [2]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1990 to 1992
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
121 January 26, 1990
SE1990Jan26A.png
Annular		−0.9457126
1990.04 Pimennys (28866343838) (cropped).jpg
Partial in Finland 		July 22, 1990
SE1990Jul22T.png
Total		0.7597
131 January 15, 1991
SE1991Jan15A.png
Annular		−0.2727136
Eclipse CR 1991 a zoom.jpg
Totality in Playas del Coco,
Costa Rica 		July 11, 1991
SE1991Jul11T.png
Total		−0.0041
141 January 4, 1992
SE1992Jan04A.png
Annular		0.4091146 June 30, 1992
SE1992Jun30T.png
Total		−0.7512
151 December 24, 1992
SE1992Dec24P.png
Partial		1.0711

Saros 146

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 146, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 76 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on September 19, 1541. It contains total eclipses from May 29, 1938 through October 7, 2154; hybrid eclipses from October 17, 2172 through November 20, 2226; and annular eclipses from November 30, 2244 through August 10, 2659. The series ends at member 76 as a partial eclipse on December 29, 2893. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 26 at 5 minutes, 21 seconds on June 30, 1992, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 63 at 3 minutes, 30 seconds on August 10, 2659. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit. [3]

Series members 16–37 occur between 1801 and 2200:
161718
SE1801Apr13P.png
March 13, 1812		 SE1819Apr24P.png
March 24, 1830		 SE1837May04P.png
April 3, 1848
192021
SE1855May16P.png
April 15, 1866		 SE1873May26P.png
April 25, 1884		 SE1902May07P.png
May 7, 1902
222324
SE1920May18P.png
May 18, 1920 		SE1938May29T.png
May 29, 1938 		SE1956Jun08T.png
June 8, 1956
252627
SE1974Jun20T.png
June 20, 1974 		SE1992Jun30T.png
June 30, 1992 		SE2010Jul11T.png
July 11, 2010
282930
SE2028Jul22T.png
July 22, 2028 		SE2046Aug02T.png
August 2, 2046 		SE2064Aug12T.png
August 12, 2064
313233
SE2082Aug24T.png
August 24, 2082 		SE2100Sep04T.png
September 4, 2100 		SE2118Sep15T.png
September 15, 2118
343536
SE2136Sep26T.png
September 26, 2136		 SE2154Oct07T.png
October 7, 2154		 SE2172Oct17H.png
October 17, 2172
37
SE2190Oct29H.png
October 29, 2190

Metonic series

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

22 eclipse events between September 12, 1931 and July 1, 2011
September 11–12June 30–July 1April 17–19February 4–5November 22–23
114116118120122
SE1931Sep12P.png
September 12, 1931 		SE1935Jun30P.png
June 30, 1935 		SE1939Apr19A.png
April 19, 1939 		SE1943Feb04T.png
February 4, 1943 		SE1946Nov23P.png
November 23, 1946
124126128130132
SE1950Sep12T.png
September 12, 1950 		SE1954Jun30T.png
June 30, 1954 		SE1958Apr19A.png
April 19, 1958 		SE1962Feb05T.png
February 5, 1962 		SE1965Nov23A.png
November 23, 1965
134136138140142
SE1969Sep11A.png
September 11, 1969 		SE1973Jun30T.png
June 30, 1973 		SE1977Apr18A.png
April 18, 1977 		SE1981Feb04A.png
February 4, 1981 		SE1984Nov22T.png
November 22, 1984
144146148150152
SE1988Sep11A.png
September 11, 1988 		SE1992Jun30T.png
June 30, 1992 		SE1996Apr17P.png
April 17, 1996 		SE2000Feb05P.png
February 5, 2000 		SE2003Nov23T.png
November 23, 2003
154156
SE2007Sep11P.png
September 11, 2007 		SE2011Jul01P.png
July 1, 2011

Tritos series

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

The partial solar eclipses on December 18, 2188 (part of Saros 164) and November 18, 2199 (part of Saros 165) are also a part of this series but are not included in the table below.

Series members between 1801 and 2134
SE1806Dec10A.gif
December 10, 1806
(Saros 129)		 SE1817Nov09T.gif
November 9, 1817
(Saros 130)		 SE1828Oct09A.gif
October 9, 1828
(Saros 131)		 SE1839Sep07A.png
September 7, 1839
(Saros 132)		 SE1850Aug07T.gif
August 7, 1850
(Saros 133)
SE1861Jul08A.gif
July 8, 1861
(Saros 134)		 SE1872Jun06A.gif
June 6, 1872
(Saros 135)		 SE1883May06T.png
May 6, 1883
(Saros 136)		 SE1894Apr06H.gif
April 6, 1894
(Saros 137)		 SE1905Mar06A.png
March 6, 1905
(Saros 138)
SE1916Feb03T.png
February 3, 1916
(Saros 139)		 SE1927Jan03A.png
January 3, 1927
(Saros 140)		 SE1937Dec02A.png
December 2, 1937
(Saros 141)		 SE1948Nov01T.png
November 1, 1948
(Saros 142)		 SE1959Oct02T.png
October 2, 1959
(Saros 143)
SE1970Aug31A.png
August 31, 1970
(Saros 144)		 SE1981Jul31T.png
July 31, 1981
(Saros 145)		 SE1992Jun30T.png
June 30, 1992
(Saros 146)		 SE2003May31A.png
May 31, 2003
(Saros 147)		 SE2014Apr29A.png
April 29, 2014
(Saros 148)
SE2025Mar29P.png
March 29, 2025
(Saros 149)		 SE2036Feb27P.png
February 27, 2036
(Saros 150)		 SE2047Jan26P.png
January 26, 2047
(Saros 151)		 SE2057Dec26T.png
December 26, 2057
(Saros 152)		 SE2068Nov24P.png
November 24, 2068
(Saros 153)
SE2079Oct24A.png
October 24, 2079
(Saros 154)		 SE2090Sep23T.png
September 23, 2090
(Saros 155)		 Saros156 06van69 SE2101Aug24P.jpg
August 24, 2101
(Saros 156)		 Saros157 04van70 SE2112Jul23P.jpg
July 23, 2112
(Saros 157)		 Saros158 04van70 SE2123Jun23P.jpg
June 23, 2123
(Saros 158)
Saros159 01van70 SE2134May23P.jpg
May 23, 2134
(Saros 159)

Inex series

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
SE1818Oct29T.png
October 29, 1818
(Saros 140)		 SE1847Oct09A.png
October 9, 1847
(Saros 141)		 SE1876Sep17T.png
September 17, 1876
(Saros 142)
SE1905Aug30T.png
August 30, 1905
(Saros 143)		 SE1934Aug10A.png
August 10, 1934
(Saros 144)		 SE1963Jul20T.png
July 20, 1963
(Saros 145)
SE1992Jun30T.png
June 30, 1992
(Saros 146)		 SE2021Jun10A.png
June 10, 2021
(Saros 147)		 SE2050May20H.png
May 20, 2050
(Saros 148)
SE2079May01T.png
May 1, 2079
(Saros 149)		 Saros150 22van71 SE2108Apr11P.jpg
April 11, 2108
(Saros 150)		 Saros151 21van72 SE2137Mar21A.jpg
March 21, 2137
(Saros 151)
Saros152 21van70 SE2166Mar02T.jpg
March 2, 2166
(Saros 152)		 Saros153 19van70 SE2195Feb10A.jpg
February 10, 2195
(Saros 153)

Notes

  1. ↑ Glenn Schneider, Craig Small, Joel Moskowitz (July 18, 1992). "The Great Airborne Eclipse Chase of 1992". Archived from the original on November 25, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
  3. ↑ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 146". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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References

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